Deck 11: Crime

Question 1

Among property crimes,______ declined by the largest amount between 1995 and 2014.

A)burglary
B)larceny-theft
C)robbery
D)motor vehicle theft

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Of the following crimes,______ has the highest clearance rate.

A)murder
B)robbery
C)rape
D)motor vehicle theft

Answer 2

A

Question 3

About ______ of all homicides involve a male offender and a male victim.

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)three-fourths
D)two-thirds

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sentencing an offender to an unspecified amount of time is ______.

A)an indeterminate sentence
B)reallocation
C)restorative justice
D)a determinate sentence

Question 5

Reported violent and property crime ______ between 1995 and 2014.

A)increased dramatically
B)increased slightly
C)stayed the same
D)decreased substantially

Question 6

Pleading self-defense and insanity when charged with a crime are both examples of a(n)______ defense.

A)restorative justice
B)presumed innocent
C)plea bargain
D)affirmative

Question 7

Murder,rape,and robbery would be considered ______ crimes by the FBI.

A)violent
B)property
C)regulatory
D)egregious

Question 8

______ is/are thought processes deemed rational even when people are constrained by low intelligence,chemical dependence,or mental illness.

A)Normative conflict
B)Affirmative defenses
C)Adjudication
D)Bounded rationality

Question 9

The ______ process requires both attorneys to weigh the strengths and weaknesses of their case and come to a resolution short of trial.

A)restorative justice
B)presumed innocent
C)plea bargain
D)affirmative

Question 10

______ crimes violate our moral conscience.

A)Mala in se
B)Mala prohibita
C)Mala regulates
D)Mala vera

Question 11

______ crimes are acts that may not be commonly viewed as evil,and many people might not agree they are crimes at all.

A)Mala in se
B)Mala prohibita
C)Mala regulates
D)Mala vera

Question 12

In ______,a new definition of rape took effect.It removed the requirement of "forcible" assault and legally recognized that males could also be victims of rape.

A)2004
B)1986
C)1979
D)2013

Question 13

About ______ of homicides involve a female offender and a female victim.

A)2%
B)10%
C)16%
D)22%

Question 14

Embezzlement and shoplifting would be considered ______ crimes by the FBI.

A)violent
B)property
C)regulatory
D)egregious

Question 15

Among violent crimes,______ declined by the largest amount between 1995 and 2014.

A)murder
B)rape
C)robbery
D)motor vehicle theft

Question 16

When compared to the crime rates two decades ago,crime has ______.

A)remained relatively stable
B)slightly decreased
C)increased slightly
D)significantly decreased

Question 17

Murder would be considered a ______ crime.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)mala regulates
D)mala vera

Question 18

Smoking marijuana would best be characterized as a ______ crime.

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)mala regulates
D)mala vera

Question 19

______ crimes are defined as offenses with effects that can be felt across national borders.

A)Transnational
B)Normative
C)Regulatory
D)Egregious

Question 20

Of the following crimes,______ has the lowest clearance rate.

A)murder
B)robbery
C)rape
D)motor vehicle theft

Question 21

______allows a convicted individual to stay in the community under certain conditions such as supervision,counseling,maintaining a drug-free status,and a clean record.

A)Probation
B)General deterrence
C)Recidivism
D)Incapacitation

Question 22

______ is a theory of crime that asserts that all behavior is learned,both criminal and noncriminal.

A)Differential association theory
B)Labeling theory
C)Primary deviance
D)Secondary deviance

Question 23

______ theory argues individuals commit crimes because they cannot succeed within the boundaries society has created for them.

A)Anomie
B)Strain
C)Opportunity
D)Social control

Question 24

In 2002,about ______ of all felony convictions in state courts were the result of the plea bargain process.

A)10%
B)25%
C)60%
D)95%

Question 25

While strain theory can explain ______ crimes,it cannot explain ______.

A)ritual crimes;retreatist crimes
B)retreatist crimes;ritual crimes
C)property and premeditated crimes;crimes of passion
D)crimes of passion;property and premeditated crimes

Question 26

The law for possessing quantities of crack cocaine,favored by urban drug users,established prison terms ______ times as long as for powdered cocaine,preferred by suburban users.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 27

Tannenbaum's explanation of the "dramatization of evil" is most closely associated with which of the following theoretical schools of thought?

A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interaction
D)feminist theory

Question 28

______ theory says the stronger a person's bond to society,the less likely he or she will feel "free to deviate."

A)Anomie
B)Strain
C)Opportunity
D)Social control

Question 29

______ is the theory that members of the upper class make the laws to serve and protect their own interest to the detriment of the lower class.

A)Bourgeoisie legality
B)Labeling theory
C)Marxist criminology
D)Proletariat

Question 30

How many states have adopted some form of hate crime legislation,making it a crime to victimize a person simply because of his or her identity or beliefs?

A)50
B)46
C)45
D)31

Question 31

Today,about ______ of U.S.prison inmates are Black or Latino.

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 32

______allows inmates to leave prison early and finish their sentence within the community,also under supervision and other conditions.

A)Probation
B)General deterrence
C)Parole
D)Incapacitation

Question 33

Rather than using a case efficiency model of justice,______ courts make problem-solving their primary goal and orient their proceedings toward social justice.

A)traditional
B)corrective
C)specialized
D)collaborative

Question 34

The system,principle,or practice of managing or governing individuals in the manner of a father dealing with his children is called ______.

A)paternalism
B)feminist criminology
C)partnership
D)fatherhood

Question 35

Educational programs,mental health counseling,drug and alcohol treatment,and anger management can best be described as examples of ______.

A)rehabilitation
B)general deterrence
C)retribution
D)incapacitation

Question 36

______ emphasizes how the application of sanctions can lead to a deviant stigma applied by others,which in turn affects one's identity and subsequent delinquency.

A)Criminological theory
B)Differential association theory
C)Labeling theory
D)Primary deviance

Question 37

The most prominent purposes of punishment are incapacitation,rehabilitation,retribution,and ______.

A)deterrence
B)restoration
C)mediation
D)arbitration

Question 38

______ theory suggests that people make a decision about whether or not they commit a crime based on their ability to weigh the costs and benefits of committing the crime.

A)Anomie
B)Strain
C)Rational choice
D)Social control

Question 39

All of the following are examples of specialized courts,EXCEPT ______.

A)drug courts
B)teen courts
C)domestic violence courts
D)rape courts

Question 40

______ is best described as punishment for punishment's sake.

A)Rehabilitation
B)General deterrence
C)Retribution
D)Incapacitation

Question 41

Nationwide,the number of reported violent crimes and property crimes has increased over the past two decades.

Question 42

Briefly explain how Take Back the Night originated and how this organization is important in today's world.

Question 43

What are the two broad categories of crime? Describe the main differences between these categories and give at least two examples to support your answer.

Question 44

Punishments for possession of crack cocaine,weak enforcement of wage laws,and stop-and-frisk policies all contribute to the disproportionate incarceration of people of color.

Question 45

In the United States,all accused defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty,even when there is a confession or overwhelming physical evidence.

Question 46

Gun-related homicide in the U.S.rate is seven times higher than other countries

Question 47

Incapacitation involves punishment for the sake of punishment.

Question 48

While males are more likely to commit crimes,females are more likely to be the victims of crime.

Question 49

Murder would be considered a mala in se crime.

Question 50

There is no single understanding of crime as a social problem.

Question 51

If an individual robs a convenience store and in the process shoots the clerk,only the shooting will be reported to the FBI through the UCR.

Question 52

Rehabilitation involves the loss of individual freedom and liberty.

Question 53

Routine activities theory suggests that crime occurs when three things converge in space and time.Name those three things and the important policy implications from this theory.

Question 54

What is deterrence? Discuss the difference between the two primary types of deterrence and provide examples of each.

Question 55

What does it mean to say crime is socially defined? Describe two factors that can influence what people define as a crime and give two examples to support your answer.