Deck 14: The Environment

Question 1

Overall weather trends across the globe point to ______.

A)a cooling climate
B)large ice caps
C)more snow pack
D)higher sea levels

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Ecological modernization is most closely associated with the ______ perspective.

A)conflict
B)structural functionalist
C)symbolic interactions
D)feminist

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A ______ perspective would be most likely to focus on how the desire to accumulate capital and wealth leads to an attempt to reduce both human and environmental labor costs while expanding production and increasing inequality and environmental degradation.

A)conflict
B)structural functionalist
C)symbolic interactions
D)feminist

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The reduction of access to environmental resources by a dominant group of beneficiaries is ______.

A)colonialism
B)social inequity
C)ecological fallacy
D)environmental dispossession

Question 5

The treadmill of production concept is most closely associated with the ______ perspective.

A)conflict
B)structural functionalist
C)symbolic interactions
D)feminist

Question 6

______ analysis suggests that people will present environmental issues in ways that elicit a particular type of response.

A)Cultivated
B)Natural
C)Symbolic
D)Frame

Question 7

Feeling proud of driving your electric car everywhere even if it's charging with electricity generated through non-renewables like gas,oil,or coal is considered ______.

A)ecological modernization
B)greenwashing
C)conspicuous consumption
D)dissonant naturalism

Question 8

The theory of ______ suggests that we find solutions to our environmental problems by altering our current economic system to encourage good environmental behavior.

A)concerted cultivation
B)natural growth
C)ecological footprinting
D)ecological modernization

Question 9

Global trends in climate change suggest all of the following are occurring EXCEPT ______.

A)larger polar ice caps
B)warming climate
C)higher sea levels
D)an increase in extreme weather events

Question 10

A ______ perspective would be most likely to focus on reorganizing society to make bad environmental behaviors less appealing and more inconvenient.

A)conflict
B)structural functionalist
C)symbolic interactions
D)feminist

Question 11

The absence of environmental costs in the economy feeds what environmental sociologists call the ______.

A)NIMBY approach
B)greenwashing phenomenon
C)natural cultivation occurrence
D)treadmill of production

Question 12

Researchers have found that,in the United States in 1990,more than ______ of people living within a mile of a disposal site were persons of color.

A)12%
B)20%
C)40%
D)60%

Question 13

The ______ perspective focuses on ways we give environmental materials meaning through social interaction.

A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)social constructionist
D)naturalist

Question 14

A ______ is most likely to argue that we use a common language when trying to describe an idea like global warming,and that language develops more depth and becomes more meaningful the more we use it.

A)functionalist
B)conflict theorist
C)social constructionist
D)naturalist

Question 15

The long-term consequences of human activities depleting or degrading resources faster than they can be renewed will affect humans in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.

A)economically
B)culturally
C)socially
D)biologically

Question 16

A ______ theorist would be most likely to ask why "environmental labor" is free.

A)conflict
B)structural functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 17

All of the following groups of people had a higher likelihood of dying in Hurricane Katrina EXCEPT ______.

A)racial minorities
B)the poor
C)the elderly
D)white-collar workers

Question 18

For______ theorists,the plight of the environment is closely tied to the plight of labor.

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)interactionist
D)feminist

Question 19

The population that experienced the highest radioactivity from Chernobyl in Norway were ______.

A)the Saami,a minority group of reindeer herders
B)Irish immigrants living on rural farms
C)urban residents working for multinational corporations
D)foreign exchange students

Question 20

The ______ perspective suggests that the capitalist economy is organized to promote cost cutting and expansion,so the environmental benefits of new technology will always be limited.

A)NIMBY approach
B)greenwashing phenomenon
C)natural cultivation occurrence
D)treadmill of production

Question 21

______argue that we can separate ecological problems from human relationships and social organization.

A)Social constructionists
B)Realists
C)Institutionalists
D)Naturalists

Question 22

______ refers to the process of moving toxic waste from wealthy countries to economically and politically marginalized regions.

A)Ecological modernization
B)Environmental dispossession
C)Equity dispossession
D)Toxic colonialism

Question 23

Ulrich Beck argues that ______ is the great class equalizer in an age of global environmental problems.

A)socialization
B)society
C)economics
D)risk

Question 24

______ emphasizes the ways in which conflicts between groups of people are increasingly tied to their different perceptions of danger.

A)Frame alignment
B)Cognitive dissonance
C)Natural conflict
D)Risk society

Question 25

______ assumes that the world we experience is not a complete or stable thing that we can pin down and know definitely.

A)Reflexive dialogue
B)Cognitive dissonance
C)Dialogue fallacy
D)Ecological dialogue

Question 26

______ emphasizes the ways in which conflicts between groups of people are increasingly tied to the groups' different perceptions of hazard.

A)Ecological dialogue
B)Risk society
C)Virtual environmentalist
D)Cognitive dissonant

Question 27

Self-identified liberals are more likely than self-identified conservatives to be concerned about ______.

A)cognitive dissonance
B)climate change
C)labor costs
D)risk exposure

Question 28

A ______ is stratified by the ability to avoid risk.

A)risk society
B)risk contract
C)risk panic
D)risk construct

Question 29

In which theory are social experiences and environmental experiences intertwined?

A)socialization and environmental theories
B)risk theory
C)conflict theory
D)ecological theory
E)functional theory

Question 30

When we think about environmental problems as an ecological dialogue,we also open ourselves to learning from ______.

A)the experiences of others whether human or nonhuman
B)our own experiences
C)human experiences only
D)nonhuman experiences only

Question 31

______ is the assumption that environmental problems have an objective,scientific grounding.

A)Cognitive dissonance
B)Realism
C)Risk aversion
D)Greenwashing

Question 32

______is the implicit understanding that government will enact rules to make sure people are protected as society bounds progressively forward.

A)Social equity
B)Environmental blindness
C)Realism
D)Risk contract

Question 33

______ is a focal point for social scientists interested in environmental problems.

A)Social policy
B)Social organization
C)Social mores
D)Social equity

Question 34

______ is the discomfort of holding conflicting beliefs or values.

A)Frame alignment
B)Cognitive dissonance
C)Empirical realism
D)Reflexive discontinuity

Question 35

Living near a landfill can cause all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A)seizure disorders
B)birth defects
C)cancer
D)low birth weight

Question 36

______ is modernization that is increasingly reflective about what it is doing.

A)Reflexive modernization
B)Rational modernization
C)Realist modernization
D)Hybridization

Question 37

Geology tells us that the really noticeable and important ecological changes take place in ______ moments.

A)long and exhaustive
B)short and dramatic
C)significant and crucial
D)specific

Question 38

The conflict perspective proposes that environmental labor is free because of all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A)the treadmill of production creates a cycle of surplus
B)the environmental consequences created by human behavior are not shared equally
C)some environmental consequences are not obvious for years
D)the environment produces goods but has no power to negotiate the price for those goods

Question 39

The idea that people's understanding of environmental problems are generally self-interested is synonymous with the ______ perspective.

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)feminist
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 40

Environmental justice has become increasingly complicated in recent years because of ______.

A)the aging population in Western countries
B)U.N.policies protecting business interests
C)globalization
D)scientific disagreement about the role of humans in climate change

Question 41

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has projected the sea level will rise by over 20 meters by 2100.

Question 42

Realists argue that we can separate ecological problems from human relationships and social organization.

Question 43

Frame analysis focuses on the meanings people give to elements in the environment.

Question 44

What is environmental justice? How does globalization affect environmental justice? Give a specific example to support your answer.

Question 45

The distinction between realism and constructionism is evident and clear.

Question 46

Globally,the warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998.

Question 47

What is risk society? Discuss reflexive modernization and what a risk society consists of.Also,discuss the concept of a risk contract.

Question 48

What is ecological modernization? Describe the main tenets of ecological modernization and give an example to support your answer.Then discuss two important criticisms of ecological modernization.

Question 49

What does it mean to say that an environmental problem is a social problem? What are two social causes of environmental problems? In general,why do environmental sociologists say humans cause environmental problems?

Question 50

Social constructionists largely assume that environmental problems have an objective,scientific grounding.

Question 51

Describe the ecological dialogue approach.Which sociological perspective does ecological dialogue correspond with? Explain your choice.

Question 52

Politically,self-identified liberals are more likely to be concerned about climate change than self-identified conservatives.

Question 53

Without framing,it would be difficult for scientists to communicate ideas like global warming to the public or to get the public to support efforts to resolve environmental issues.

Question 54

Some regions of the earth have gotten colder over the past century.

Question 55

Overall climate trends point to lower sea levels globally.