Deck 6: Scales, Tests, and Indexes

Question 1

A(n)____ is typically used to assess behaviors of people,organizations,or processes.

A)index
B)instrument
C)test
D)scale

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A(n)____ is typically developed to assess knowledge or skill.

A)index
B)instrument
C)test
D)scale

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Even if an index will be used repeatedly over a period of years,it need only be validated once as long as that validation is well done.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The history of testing actually goes back to 5200 BCE,when Chinese government officials were selected based on their performance on a common examination.

Question 5

In the Likert method,judges rate how favorable they feel towards the items that might be included on the scale.

Question 6

A test is usually developed to measure an abstract concept like an attitude.

Question 7

A(n)____ is usually developed to measure an abstract concept like an attitude.

A)index
B)instrument
C)test
D)scale

Question 8

The first step in developing a scale is to generate possible items.

Question 9

Traditionally,the index commonly called the ____ combines education,occupation,and income.

A)SES
B)GDP
C)GNP
D)CPI

Question 10

The ____ is considered to be a reflection of generally how much consumers have to pay for things.

A)SES
B)GDP
C)GNP
D)CPI

Question 11

A(n)____ index is one where different components of the index are combined in different amounts or with different emphasis.

A)average
B)rule-driven
C)weighted
D)modified

Question 12

One of the most important reasons for creating an index is to ____.

A)track a phenomenon over time
B)assess the effectiveness of clinical interventions
C)identify important skill sets
D)compare the achievements of different groups

Question 13

A(n)____ is put together using a rule or set of rules.

A)instrument
B)index
C)test
D)scale

Question 14

A test is typically developed to assess knowledge or skill.

Question 15

A(n)____ is often a composite,combining different measures from different sources.

A)instrument
B)index
C)test
D)scale

Question 16

The interquartile range is the difference between the third and first quartile,or Q3-Q1.

Question 17

The Buros Center for Testing at the University of Iowa is responsible for developing and maintaining lists of the standardized tests used in the United States.

Question 18

A researcher is generally better off developing his or her own test than using a standardized test.

Question 19

A(n)____ is usually measured repeatedly.

A)instrument
B)index
C)test
D)scale

Question 20

Indexes are typically used to assess behaviors of people,organizations,or processes.

Question 21

Brenda is developing a test to identify children who are likely to become "school refusers" (i.e. ,they refuse to attend school).She uses a multivariate statistical method that identifies the underlying constructs that describe the data.Brenda is using ____.

A)regression analysis
B)multivariate analysis of variance
C)factor analysis
D)correlation matrix analysis

Question 22

A researcher wanting to know about the inter-relationships among the questions in a test would use ____.

A)validation
B)standardization
C)factor analysis
D)item analysis

Question 23

One of the first and most productive scaling theorists was ____.

A)Cronbach
B)Rorschach
C)Binet
D)Thurstone

Question 24

Brenda is developing a test to identify children who are likely to become "school refusers" (i.e. ,they refuse to attend school).She finds that the test is very accurate in identifying girls,but tends to be far less accurate in identifying boys at risk.This is particularly distressing to Brenda,as children identified as potential school refusers receive more positive attention and additional services from the school.Brenda is concerned about the test's ____.

A)face validity
B)consequential validity
C)test-retest reliability
D)split-half reliability

Question 25

Brenda is developing a test to identify children who are likely to become "school refusers" (i.e. ,they refuse to attend school).She has a group of experts review her test to ensure it thoroughly addresses factors known to be related to school refusal.Brenda is assessing ____.

A)content validity
B)predictive validity
C)factor structure
D)consequential validity

Question 26

A scale asks individuals to indicate how interesting they find activities on a scale of 1 to 5,with 1 being not at all interested and 5 being extremely interested.This is best described as a(n)____ scale.

A)interval response
B)nominal
C)multiple response
D)ratio

Question 27

Who is using an index?

A)A teacher who counts the midterm for 20% of your grade,the final for 35%,and the term paper for 45%
B)A demographer who tracks the educational levels of immigrants
C)A neuropsychologist who administers a battery of diagnostic tests to individuals who have traumatic brain injuries
D)A university administrator who tracks graduation rates,employment rates,and income levels in recent college graduates

Question 28

A yes-no question represents a(n)____ response.

A)interval response
B)nominal
C)multiple response
D)ratio

Question 29

According to semantic differential theory,any object can be related along ____ dimensions.

A)three
B)five
C)seven
D)nine

Question 30

The ____ of a test is very often studied by having experts review the items in a test to be sure they cover the domain comprehensively.

A)content validity
B)predictive validity
C)factor structure
D)consequential validity

Question 31

The Buros Center for testing at the University of Iowa is a good source for ____.

A)reviews of standardized tests
B)grant opportunities for individuals interested in psychometrics
C)reduced cost access to copyrighted tests
D)legal advice for people who have been discriminated against as a result of standardized testing

Question 32

Brenda is developing a test to identify children who are likely to become "school refusers" (i.e. ,they refuse to attend school).She administers her test to a large number of elementary school children and then tracks the children's attendance to determine who actually becomes a school refuser.Brenda is assessing ____.

A)content validity
B)predictive validity
C)factor structure
D)consequential validity

Question 33

Test makers use ____ to attempt to control factors that are irrelevant to the construct being measured.

A)validation
B)standardization
C)factor analysis
D)item analysis

Question 34

Brenda is developing a test to identify children who are likely to become "school refusers" (i.e. ,they refuse to attend school).She wants to be certain that her test accurately measures enduring tendencies in the children,so she administers it on two occasions,several weeks apart.Brenda is concerned about the test's ____.

A)face validity
B)consequential validity
C)test-retest reliability
D)split-half reliability

Question 35

A response scale ____.

A)is used to collect the response for an item
B)results from a process of assigning numbers to objects
C)has a value for each item on the scale
D)refers to a set of items

Question 36

A(n)____ is used to collect answers on instruments.

A)index
B)scale indicator
C)response scale
D)item

Question 37

The ____ of a test can be evaluated by seeing how well the tests identify performance on a future activity.

A)content validity
B)predictive validity
C)factor structure
D)consequential validity

Question 38

Scaling ____.

A)is used for a single item
B)results from a process of assigning numbers to objects
C)is independent of the items on the scale
D)refers to a set of items

Question 39

The semantic differential includes the dimension of ____.

A)industry
B)activity
C)generativity
D)time

Question 40

The "evaluation" dimension of the semantic differential refers to whether what is being rated is viewed ____.

A)in a favorable or unfavorable way
B)as being positive or negative
C)as active or passive
D)as powerful or powerless

Question 41

According to Stevens,"scaling is the assignment of objects to numbers according to" a(n)_______________.

Question 42

Guttman Scaling is also called _______________ scaling.

Question 43

When Likert scaling is used,experts rate the favorability of potential items on a scale of ____.

A)1 to 5
B)1 to 10
C)0 to 1
D)10 to 20

Question 44

The first step in Thurstone,Likert,and Guttman,scaling is to define or develop the _______________.

Question 45

When the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals is used,experts rate the favorability of potential items on a scale of 1 to ____.

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)11

Question 46

When Likert scaling is used,one of the criteria for the inclusion of an item in the final scale is based on ____.

A)the items statistical independence from the other questions
B)the size of the interquartile range of expert raters
C)whether the item as rated by experts has a high correlation with the total score across items
D)the lowest variability across judges

Question 47

When Guttman scaling is being used,items are selected for inclusion using ____ analysis.

A)text
B)factor
C)scalogram
D)bivariat

Question 48

When Guttman scaling is being used,an individual's score is equal to the ____.

A)sum of the scale values for the items with which the individual agreed
B)weighted average of the individual item responses
C)sum of the item responses for items in the interquartile range
D)the ratio of high discrimination items to low discrimination items

Question 49

The Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals is a(n)____ scaling method.

A)univariate
B)unidimensional
C)multivariate
D)multidimensional

Question 50

The _______________ of a test is very often studied by having experts review the items in a test to be sure they cover the domain comprehensively.

Question 51

When Guttman scaling is used,people taking the test rate their agreement with items ____.

A)on a scale of 1 to 5
B)by checking those with which they agree
C)by ranking items as to how much they agree with the
D)on a scale of 1 to 11

Question 52

A(n)_______________ is a scaling method in which an object is assessed by the respondent on a set of bipolar adjective pairs.

Question 53

When Likert scaling is used,people taking the test often rate their agreement with items on a scale of ____.

A)1 to 5
B)1 to 10
C)0 to 1
D)10 to 20

Question 54

In the Thurstone method,judges rate how favorable statements are to the construct of _______________.

Question 55

Likert Scaling is also called _______________ scaling.

Question 56

The first step in virtually any kind of scale development is ____.

A)developing the focus
B)creating items
C)assembling a group of experts
D)assessing reliability and validity

Question 57

The branch of measurement that involves the construction of an instrument that associates qualitative constructs with quantitative metric units is _______________.

Question 58

The scaling systems developed by _______________ yield unidimensional,interval-level,multi-item scales

Question 59

When the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals is used,one of the criteria for the inclusion of an item in the final scale is based on ____.

A)the items statistical independence from the other questions
B)the size of the interquartile range of expert raters
C)whether the item as rated by experts has a high correlation with the total score across items
D)the lowest variability across judges

Question 60

A response scale like agree/disagree or support/oppose is a(n)_______________ scale.

Question 61

A(n)_______________ is one in which different components of the index are combined in different amounts or with different emphasis.

Question 62

What is consequential validity and why does it matter?​

Question 63

Describe the steps involved in the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals.

Question 64

When the New York City test used in the recruitment of firefighters was questioned because it appeared to disproportionately exclude African Americans and Hispanics from the fire service,the test's _______________ validity was at issue.

Question 65

Define the terms scales,indexes,and tests and explain how they are used with an example.

Question 66

A quantitative score that measures a construct of interest by applying a formula or a set of rules that combines relevant data is a(n)_______________.

Question 67

Describe the steps involved in creating a Guttman scale.

Question 68

Describe the steps involved in creating a Likert scale.

Question 69

The _______________ is considered to be a reflection of generally how much consumers have to pay for things.

Question 70

_______________ can be evaluated by seeing how well the test identifies performance on a future activity.