Deck 14: Endocrinology-Endocrine System

Question 1

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas?

A)glucose
B)glucagon
C)glucocorticoids
D)glycogen

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

Which of these is a laboratory test that is done to diagnose diabetes insipidus?

A)glucose tolerance test
B)ADH stimulation test
C)FSH and LH assays
D)glycosylated hemoglobin

Answer 2

ADH stimulation test

Question 3

Insulin is secreted by the ________ cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)delta

Answer 3

beta

Question 4

Sustained muscle spasms from hypocalcemia are known as ________.

A)gigantism
B)synergism
C)tetany
D)androgens

Question 5

A physical characteristic of Addison's disease is ________.

A)abnormal fat distribution in the back and face called buffalo hump and moon face
B)fatigue,weight loss,bronze skin pigmentation
C)severe headaches and hypertension
D)excessive dark hair growth on the forearms in a woman

Question 6

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus would be treated with ________.

A)Humulin R
B)glyburide (DiaBeta)
C)rosiglitazone (Avandia)
D)all of the above

Question 7

A lab test for a patient showed a low calcium level in the blood.The physician would consider doing further testing on which endocrine gland to evaluate the cause of this?

A)thymus
B)parathyroid
C)adrenal medulla
D)pineal

Question 8

Which endocrine gland is known as the master gland of the body?

A)pituitary gland
B)pineal gland
C)adrenal gland
D)testes

Question 9

An increased level of cortisol would be found in patients with ________.

A)Addison's disease
B)Graves' disease
C)Hashimoto's disease
D)Cushing's syndrome

Question 10

Thyromegaly is also known as ________.

A)goiter
B)dwarfism
C)virilism
D)precocious puberty

Question 11

Which condition often contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A)infertility
B)skeletal muscle weakness
C)vision changes
D)obesity

Question 12

Which is a complication associated with diabetes mellitus in which the by-product of incomplete fat metabolism builds up in the patient's blood?

A)ketoacidosis
B)hyperaldosteronism
C)myxedema
D)hyperglycemia

Question 13

Which type of thyroiditis is an immune disorder?

A)Hashimoto's
B)Cushing's
C)Addison's
D)Langerhans

Question 14

An endemic goiter is related to a deficiency of ________.

A)calcium
B)sodium chloride
C)potassium
D)iodine

Question 15

It was in the middle of winter when the patient came to the doctor's office complaining of depression,weight gain,and problems with sleep.He was told that he had a condition related to hypersecretion of melatonin plus the lack of exposure to sunlight.He was diagnosed with ________.

A)SAD
B)DKA
C)ADA
D)OGTT

Question 16

Which is a treatment option for hyperthyroidism?

A)thymectomy
B)vanillylmandelic acid
C)radioactive sodium iodide 131 (I-131)
D)a thyroid supplement drug

Question 17

In order to see if the prescribed treatment was effective for his patient's diabetes mellitus,the physician ordered a ________.

A)FSH assay
B)vanillylmandelic acid test
C)hemoglobin A₁C
D)radioactive iodine uptake test

Question 18

Which symptom is common to diabetes mellitus as well as diabetes insipidus?

A)polyphagia
B)glycosuria
C)hyperglycemia
D)polydipsia

Question 19

Hypoglycemia can cause ________.

A)elevated blood pressure,flushing of the skin,and increased sensitivity to pain
B)slow heart rate,dry skin,and constipation
C)headache, sweating, and shakiness
D)decreased thirst,urination,and appetite

Question 20

An abnormally increased or decreased level of FSH in the blood points to improper functioning of the ________.

A)adrenal medulla
B)pineal gland
C)thyroid gland
D)anterior pituitary gland

Question 21

Glycosuria means that there is ________ in the urine.

A)hormone
B)calcium
C)glycogen
D)sugar

Question 22

An excessively high level of calcium in the blood is known as ________.

A)hypocalcemia
B)hypokalemia
C)hyperbilirubinemia
D)hypercalcemia

Question 23

Which of the following pairs of words has the same meaning?

A)polydipsia,polyuria
B)synergism,antagonism
C)adenomatous goiter, nodular goiter
D)insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,diabetes type 2

Question 24

The process by which two hormones exert opposite effects is known as ________.

A)euthyroidism
B)inhibition
C)synergism
D)antagonism

Question 25

The best definition of the medical word parathyroid is ________.

A)"abnormal thyroid"
B)"above the thyroid"
C)"two parts of a pair on the thyroid"
D)"disease of the thyroid"

Question 26

The suffix -physis means ________.

A)"state of growing"
B)"condition;process"
C)"below; deficient"
D)"gland

Question 27

Which word is used to describe sustained muscle spasms due to hypocalcemia?

A)circadian
B)tetany
C)ergyism
D)receptor

Question 28

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone results in ________.

A)hypoglycemia
B)diabetes insipidus
C)diabetes mellitus
D)panhypopituitarism

Question 29

A pregnant woman may be given the hormone ________ as a drug to stimulate her uterus to contract and begin labor.

A)somatostatin
B)prolactin
C)oxytocin
D)progesterone

Question 30

Which gland is also called the neurohypophysis?

A)thyroid gland
B)parathyroid gland
C)posterior pituitary gland
D)anterior pituitary gland

Question 31

Which blood test is performed to measure the level of glucose after the patient has NOT eaten for at least 12 hours?

A)fasting blood sugar
B)cortisol level
C)glucose tolerance test
D)glucose self-testing

Question 32

The combining form aden/o- means ________.

A)"kidney"
B)"gland"
C)"adrenal gland"
D)"having an affinity for;stimulating;turning"

Question 33

Cushing's syndrome is due to ________.

A)hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla
B)hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla
C)hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
D)hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Question 34

The abbreviation NIDDM means the same as ________.

A)type 2 diabetes mellitus
B)non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C)adult-onset diabetes mellitus
D)all of the above

Question 35

The hyposecretion of oxytocin causes ________.

A)uterine inertia
B)goiter
C)precocious puberty
D)Graves' disease

Question 36

Which type of diabetes begins in childhood or adolescence?

A)adult-onset
B)type 1
C)non-insulin-dependent
D)type 2

Question 37

All of the following symptoms are related to Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT ________.

A)muscle wasting and skin ulcers with poor wound healing
B)development of the breasts and menstruation in a child
C)osteoporosis, buffalo hump, and moon face
D)reddened cheeks,obese abdomen,and thin extremities

Question 38

The pineal gland secretes ________,which maintains the body's internal clock,the 24-hour wake-sleep cycle,and regulates the onset and duration of sleep.

A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)cortisol

Question 39

The abbreviation GH means ________.

A)glycohemoglobin
B)gestational hyperglycemia
C)gonadotropins
D)growth hormone

Question 40

Hyposecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is known as ________.

A)Addison's disease
B)infertility
C)Graves' disease
D)gynecomastia

Question 41

What is the most abundant and biologically active female sex hormone?

A)progesterone
B)estradiol
C)ovaries
D)testosterone

Question 42

The most common form of hyperthyroidism is ________.

A)diabetes
B)Graves' disease
C)SAD
D)goiter

Question 43

The combining form pituit/o- and ________ both mean pituitary gland.

A)adren/o-
B)hypophys/o-
C)andr/o-
D)glandul/o-

Question 44

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty results in ________.

A)acromegaly
B)dwarfism
C)gigantism
D)diabetes insipidus

Question 45

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the endocrine system?

A)All of the glands of the endocrine system are influenced by the pituitary gland.
B)Endocrine glands secrete substances called hormones.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the blood.
D)Endocrine hormones regulate specific body functions.

Question 46

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is ________.

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)adenohypophysis
D)thymus

Question 47

Together FSH and LH are known as ________.

A)pineal bodies
B)gonadotropins
C)lobes
D)endocrine glands

Question 48

The pituitary gland has two main parts,the adenohypophysis and the ________.

A)posterior pituitary gland
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)thymus
D)thyroid

Question 49

Which of the following endocrine glands contains structures known as the islets of Langerhans?

A)thymus gland
B)hypothalamus
C)pituitary gland
D)pancreas

Question 50

The process in which two hormones work together to accomplish an enhanced effect is called ________.

A)synergism
B)antagonism
C)stimulation
D)inhibition

Question 51

Which gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles?

A)hypothalamus
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)pineal body
D)thyroid gland

Question 52

A blood glucose monitor is an important tool for use in which endocrine disease?

A)acromegaly
B)diabetes mellitus
C)precocious puberty
D)infertility

Question 53

Which is urine test that measures glucose,ketones,and other substances in the urine?

A)urine dipstick
B)RAIU
C)fine-needle biopsy
D)VMA

Question 54

As part of the endocrine system,the pancreas secretes three hormones directly into the blood.They are ________.

A)glucagon,insulin,and FSH
B)FSH,LH,and insulin
C)glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin
D)somatostatin,glycogen,and aldosterone

Question 55

The hormone that regulates electrolyte (sodium and potassium)balance is ________.

A)aldosterone
B)glucagon
C)androgens
D)epinephrine

Question 56

The form that sugar takes when it is stored in the liver and the skeletal muscles is called ________.

A)glucose
B)insulin
C)estradiol
D)glycogen

Question 57

Which is a surgical procedure that removes the thyroid gland?

A)transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
B)thymectomy
C)thyroidectomy
D)parathyroidectomy

Question 58

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄?

A)TSH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)aldosterone

Question 59

Infertility may be caused by a hormonal imbalance involving ________.

A)FSH and LH
B)TFTs
C)GTT
D)NPH

Question 60

The parathyroid glands secrete a hormone that regulates the level of what substance in the blood?

A)calcium
B)insulin
C)melanin
D)melatonin

Question 61

NPH refers to a/an ________.

A)organ
B)disease
C)drug
D)hormone

Question 62

ADA refers to a diet that would be prescribed for a patient with ________.

A)adrenogenital syndrome
B)diabetes mellitus
C)thyroid disease
D)precocious puberty

Question 63

Hormones from various endocrine glands regulate ________.

A)cell metabolism
B)electrolytes
C)glucose
D)all of the above

Question 64

The hormone testosterone is produced by the ________.

A)ovaries
B)testes
C)pituitary gland
D)thymus

Question 65

The suffix -ism means ________.

A)"condition of the blood;substance in the blood"
B)"pertaining to"
C)"enlargement"
D)"disease from a specific cause;process"

Question 66

The combining form aden/o- means ________.

A)"secrete"
B)"gland"
C)"inside a place"
D)"duct"

Question 67

A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a surgical procedure to remove an adenoma from the ________.

A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal gland
C)pituitary gland
D)thymus

Question 68

Which is the abbreviation for the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland?

A)FSH
B)ACTH
C)ADH
D)TSH

Question 69

Which of the following is TRUE when the level of glucose in the blood is low?

A)Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin.
B)Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon.
C)Delta cells of the pancreas produce androgens.
D)all of the above

Question 70

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the ________.

A)ovary
B)pineal gland
C)thyroid gland
D)pancreas

Question 71

Which of these abbreviations is associated with diabetes?

A)SIADH
B)IDDM
C)SAD
D)TSH

Question 72

The combining form andr/o- means ________.

A)"body"
B)"female"
C)"human"
D)"male"

Question 73

Which hormone is associated with the wake-sleep cycle?

A)epinephrine
B)melatonin
C)thyroid hormone
D)testosterone

Question 74

Which of the following is TRUE of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A)It is produced by the hypothalamus.
B)It is stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
C)It decreases urine output and keeps the blood pressure at a normal level.
D)all of the above

Question 75

Exophthalmos is associated with ________.

A)diabetes mellitus
B)diabetes insipidus
C)Graves' disease
D)gigantism

Question 76

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as ________.

A)neurotransmitters
B)electrolytes
C)hormones
D)receptors

Question 77

The purpose of the parathyroid glands is to regulate the ________.

A)amount of calcium in the blood
B)amount of glucose in the blood
C)amount of sodium in the blood
D)function of the thyroid gland

Question 78

An untreated congenital lack of thyroid hormone from birth results in ________.

A)Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B)Graves' disease
C)thyroid cancer
D)cretinism

Question 79

The hormones of the thyroid gland ________.

A)regulates cell metabolism
B)regulates potassium levels in the blood
C)stimulates the uterus to contract during labor
D)secretes insulin

Question 80

Which word is MISSPELLED?

A)adenohypophysis
B)diabetes mellitis
C)synergism
D)hyperthyroidism