Deck 25: The Age of Positivism

Question 1

What subject matter was Renoir well known for painting?

A) water lilies
B) Parisians at leisure
C) odalisques
D) natives of the South Seas

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Nadar made a photographic portrait of which famous impressionist?

A) Monet
B) Cassatt
C) Rossetti
D) Courbet

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The name of the economic and social doctrine that advocates state ownership and control of the basic means of production together with the egalitarian distribution of wealth is:

A) Socialism
B) Capitalism
C) Competition
D) Laissez-faire

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Realism began to dissipate in Europe as an intellectual attitude and stylist trend after 1848 and was gradually superseded by Romanticism.

Question 5

Which photojournalist documented the Civil War with grim realism?

A) Nadar
B) Walpole
C) Millet
D) O'Sullivan

Question 6

Mary Cassatt, an artist from England, exhibited with Monet and the other Impressionists.

Question 7

What was revolutionary about Courbet's subject matter?

A) Voluptuous nudes were considered offensive
B) Women and children were not an accepted category of the French Academy
C) Working-class life was proudly painted on an epic scale
D) The same subject was painted repeatedly

Question 8

Who was the recognized leader of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?

A) Rossetti
B) Morris
C) Whistler
D) Eakins

Question 9

Which group sought inspiration from the masters of the fifteenth century, hoping to reform the ills of modern society through their art?

A) Realists
B) Impressionists
C) Romantics
D) Pre-Raphaelites

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT a contribution of Japanese prints to nineteenth-century Western aesthetics?

A) One-point perspective
B) Flat forms
C) Compressed space
D) abrupt cropping

Question 11

Impressionist paintings that were produced outdoors, and not in the studio are called :

A) plein air paintings
B) fresh air pictures
C) al fresco paintings
D) au naturel paintings

Question 12

For which American Impressionist artist was maternity the most frequent theme and focus?

A) Degas
B) Whistler
C) Homer
D) Cassatt

Question 13

The Salon des refusés was an exhibition, held in conjunction with the official Salon, of:

A) rejected artists
B) prize-winning artists
C) female artists
D) those who refused to participate

Question 14

Who used materials of the Industrial Age after having built green houses earlier in his career?

A) Paxton
B) Jefferson
C) Labrouste
D) Eiffel

Question 15

Who painted the same scene over and over to study the fleeting effects of light and color?

A) Manet
B) Renoir
C) Degas
D) Monet

Question 16

Dante Gabriel Rossetti was the leader and spokesperson for the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

Question 17

What term is used to describe a cultural infatuation with all things Japanese?

A) Japonisme
B) Chinoiserie
C) Orientalism
D) Colonialism

Question 18

The term often used to describe the new mentality of pragmatism and materialism that emerged in the 1840s is:

A) Positivism
B) Modernism
C) Industrialization
D) Idealism

Question 19

Who painted scenes of the ballet from extraordinary angles?

A) Courbet
B) Renoir
C) Manet
D) Degas

Question 20

Whose painting of a rural burial with common provincial folk was an affront to contemporary taste?

A) Courbet
B) Morisot
C) Homer
D) Monet

Question 21

What were the motivations of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and how are those motivations manifested in their artwork?

Question 22

The Crystal Palace and the Eiffel Tower were both constructed independent of major international exhibitions in England and France.

Question 23

Define Positivism and discuss how it is manifested in three different works of art.

Question 24

Why was Manet's Luncheon on the Grass so controversial and shockingly new when it was first painted and exhibited? Be sure to discuss both the subject matter and style of his painting in your answer.

Question 25

Discuss the various ways in which artists employed the new medium of photography in the nineteenth century.

Question 26

Some might suggest that Impressionist artists were simply interested in capturing a pretty scene. Dispute this view by discussing the various motivations of the Impressionist artists.

Question 27

Select one major political, social, or cultural change of the mid nineteenth century and discuss its impact on or reflection in a work of art.

Question 28

What was innovative about the construction techniques and materials of the Crystal Palace and the Eiffel Tower? How do these structures both continue and challenge traditions in architectural history?

Question 29

A daguerreotype was a photographic process that exposed light on a silver iodide-coated copper or glass plate and allowed for one image, which remained on that plate.