Question 1

A headache that is related to changes in cerebral blood flow is classified as a/an ________ headache.&#10;A)tension&#10;B)sinus&#10;C)migraine&#10;D)intracranial

Accepted Answer

Migraine headaches are related to changes in cerebral blood flow. Tension headaches are caused by muscle tension, sinus headaches are caused by sinus inflammation, and intracranial headaches are caused by issues within the brain.

Question 2

What is the definition of endorphins?&#10;A)neurotransmitters at the nociceptors&#10;B)transmitters for sensory impulses&#10;C)opiate-like blocking agents in the central nervous system&#10;D)pain-causing chemical mediators

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are group of hormones that originate in the central nervous system and the pituitary gland. They are known as opiates because they bind to the same receptors in the brain that drugs like morphine and heroin do, producing feelings of pleasure or pain relief. Endorphins can decrease pain perception, reduce anxiety, and promote an overall feeling of well-being.

Question 3

Ibuprofen is classified as an NSAID and particularly useful in treating:&#10;A)severe pain&#10;B)pain caused by inflammation&#10;C)intracranial pain&#10;D)pain in young infants

Accepted Answer

Ibuprofen belongs to the class of NSAIDs, which are particularly effective in treating pain caused by inflammation. It works by blocking the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause pain and inflammation. Other types of pain, such as severe pain and intracranial pain, may require different types of medication or treatment. Ibuprofen should not be given to young infants without consulting a doctor, as it can increase the risk of side effects.

Question 4

What is the role of nociceptors? They are:&#10;A)pain receptors that are stimulated by thermal,chemical,or physical means&#10;B)spinal nerves that conduct impulses from specific areas of the skin&#10;C)responsible for the state of arousal with pain&#10;D)useful in localizing pain to a specific area of the body

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors are pain receptors that detect noxious stimuli such as thermal, chemical, or physical stimuli. They play a crucial role in detecting tissue damage or potential harm to the body and initiating the body's pain response.

Question 5

What is the term used to describe the degree of pain that is endured before an individual takes action?&#10;A)pain threshold&#10;B)referred pain&#10;C)phantom pain&#10;D)pain tolerance

Accepted Answer

Pain threshold refers to the point at which a stimulus is perceived as painful. Referred pain is pain that is felt in a different location than the source of the pain. Phantom pain is pain that is felt in a limb or body part that has been amputated. Pain tolerance refers to the amount of pain that an individual can endure before taking action.

Question 6

What is a common analgesic administered to control a moderate level of pain?&#10;A)meperidine&#10;B)acetaminophen&#10;C)codeine&#10;D)ibuprofen

Accepted Answer

Codeine is a common analgesic administered to control a moderate level of pain.

Question 7

The impulses related to acute pain are usually transmitted by:&#10;A)nociceptors&#10;B)myelinated A delta fibers&#10;C)unmyelinated C fibers&#10;D)any sensory fiber with a low pain threshold

Accepted Answer

The answer of The impulses related to acute pain are...

Question 8

In which structure do pain impulses ascend the spinal cord?&#10;A)the reticular formation&#10;B)the corticospinal tract&#10;C)the spinothalamic tract&#10;D)the relevant dermatome

Accepted Answer

The spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations from the body to the brain. This tract ascends the spinal cord from the dorsal root ganglia to the thalamus, where pain impulses are processed and perceived as sensations of pain.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE?&#10;A)The brain is more aware of pain impulses when the reticular activating system is depressed.&#10;B)Acute pain does not cause a reflex response at the spinal cord synapses.&#10;C)Young infants respond to pain with tachycardia and increased blood pressure.&#10;D)Chronic pain is easier to tolerate without negative effects.

Accepted Answer

Young infants respond to pain with physiological changes such as tachycardia and increased blood pressure. Option A is false because the reticular activating system is responsible for alertness and consciousness, therefore depression of this system leads to decreased awareness of pain impulses. Option B is false because acute pain triggers a reflex response at the spinal cord synapses, leading to immediate withdrawal from the painful stimulus. Option D is false because chronic pain can lead to a range of negative effects on physical and mental health, such as depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life.

Question 10

Which of the following analgesics acts to reduce pain at the peripheral site?&#10;A)acetaminophen&#10;B)morphine&#10;C)codeine&#10;D)intravenous general anesthesia

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen acts as a mild analgesic and antipyretic by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system and by reducing the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes in the peripheral tissues. This effect helps to reduce pain at the peripheral site. Morphine and codeine are opioid analgesics, which act on the central nervous system to block pain signals. Intravenous general anesthesia produces a state of unconsciousness and lack of sensation, rather than targeted reduction of pain at the peripheral site.

Question 11

Intractable pain is best defined as:&#10;A)pain that is perceived as occurring in an amputated limb&#10;B)severe pain that cannot be controlled by medication&#10;C)pain perceived as coming from a source other than the actual source&#10;D)pain coming from a specific dermatome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intractable pain is best defined as:&#10;A)pain that...

Question 12

According to the gate-control theory,passage of pain impulses may be naturally blocked:&#10;A)at the synapse by entry of other sensory impulses&#10;B)by the stress response&#10;C)by administration of morphine directly into the spinal cord&#10;D)by referring the pain to other parts of the body

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the gate-control theory,passage of pain...

Question 13

Pain perceived in the left arm during the course of a heart attack is an example of:&#10;A)referred pain&#10;B)phantom pain&#10;C)chronic pain&#10;D)subjective pain response

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pain perceived in the left arm during...

Question 14

Which of the following occurs frequently with acute pain but not with chronic pain?&#10;A)depression and debilitation&#10;B)a perception of increased generalized pain and discomfort&#10;C)fatigue and lower pain tolerance&#10;D)a stress response

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following occurs frequently with...

Question 15

Which of the following applies to spinal anesthesia?&#10;A)It causes analgesia with loss of consciousness.&#10;B)The drug is injected into CSF or the epidural space of the spinal cord.&#10;C)The drug stimulates release of endorphins in the spinal cord.&#10;D)The transmission of pain impulses is blocked in a small area of the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following applies to spinal...

Deck 13: Pain