Deck 28: Malnutrition

Question 1

The leading cause of blindness in children is

A) vitamin A deficiency.
B) vitamin C deficiency.
C) iodine deficiency.
D) iron deficiency.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Mariela was raised in such extreme poverty that undernourishment stunted her growth.Now,as an adult,she is able to afford adequate food,and is in fact obese.This situation is referred to as

A) the nutrition paradox.
B) the overnutrition dilemma.
C) the fetal origins of adult disease theory.
D) epigenetic programming.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In numerous developing countries,the promotion of breastfeeding and family gardens and the distribution of what type of supplements has contributed to a nearly 23% reduction in childhood mortality?

A) powdered infant formula
B) iron supplements
C) vitamin D supplements
D) vitamin A supplements

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following factors BEST characterize a transitioning region in which the nutrition paradox is common?

A) increased availability of and preference for foods high in added sugars
B) decreased reliance on carbohydrates combined with increased reliance on protein
C) increased physical activity combined with decreased availability of staple foods
D) decreased physical activity combined with increased intake of energy-dense food

Question 5

The condition of extreme energy deficit,causing tissue wasting,is known as

A) pellagra.
B) kwashiorkor.
C) severe acute malnutrition (SAM).
D) malnutrition.

Question 6

The premise that fetal undernourishment increases susceptibility later in life to obesity and chronic disease is known as

A) the nutrition paradox.
B) the overnutrition dilemma.
C) the fetal origins of adult disease theory.
D) epigenetic programming.

Question 7

Between 1980 and 2014,the worldwide prevalence of obesity

A) stayed about the same.
B) increased by about 50%.
C) more than doubled.
D) more than tripled.

Question 8

Areas or regions where people lack access to fresh,healthful,and affordable food are called

A) food oases.
B) food deserts.
C) deprivation zones.
D) obesity zones.

Question 9

Overweight and obesity cause more deaths worldwide than underweight.

Question 10

The three micronutrient deficiencies of greatest concern in impoverished countries are

A) calcium, iron, and thiamin.
B) folate, vitamin D, and iodine.
C) iron, iodine, and vitamin A.
D) vitamin E, iron, and calcium.

Question 11

The MOST common micronutrient deficiency in the world is

A) sodium.
B) iron.
C) selenium.
D) calcium.

Question 12

Which sequence below BEST describes the vicious cycle of malnutrition?

A) infection, malnutrition, wasting, death
B) malnutrition, infection, worsening of the infection, death
C) relative health, infection, worsening health, poverty, malnutrition
D) malnutrition, infection, worsening malnutrition, increased vulnerability to infections

Question 13

Studies following children over time have found that a reduction in family income in early childhood

A) increases the child's risk for undernourishment.
B) increases the likelihood that an overweight or obese child will lose weight.
C) increases the child's risk for overweight and obesity.
D) decreases the child's risk for overweight and obesity.

Question 14

About what percentage of deaths of children from birth to age 5 are due to malnutrition?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 15

Infant mortality rate is a population's rate of

A) death of the fetus before birth.
B) death of newborns between birth and 28 days of age.
C) death of infants between birth and 1 year of age.
D) death of infants between 1 month and 1 year of age.

Question 16

All of the following factors are theorized to contribute to the poverty-obesity paradox EXCEPT

A) the increased tendency of low-income people to purchase inexpensive, energy-dense foods that have a longer shelf life.
B) the increased tendency of low-income people to spend too much money on relatively expensive sources of protein, such as meats, poultry, and fish.
C) the increased tendency of low-income people to live in regions that are not served by markets selling fresh, affordable food.
D) the increased level of stress experienced by low-income people, which results in the frequent release of hormones that slow metabolism and increase appetite, and may deplete their ability to make thoughtful choices about foods.

Question 17

All nations around the world have been exposed to a nutritional transition over the past 30 years.

Question 18

Undernourishment promotes socioeconomic problems primarily by decreasing work capacity.

Question 19

Wasting is a condition characterized by

A) decreased Caloric intake.
B) short-stature-for-age.
C) extreme thinness.
D) nutrient overload.

Question 20

The leading cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide is

A) vitamin A deficiency.
B) vitamin C deficiency.
C) iodine deficiency.
D) iron deficiency.

Question 21

About 90% of Americans who reside in food deserts are low income.

Question 22

Iron deficiency is a significant cause of death in women during pregnancy,childbirth or the immediate postpartum period.

Question 23

Undernourished people are more prone to infections.

Question 24

Some research suggests that obesity is more common among low-income populations.

Question 25

Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world.

Question 26

The stress hormone cortisol suppresses appetite.

Question 27

Deficiencies of folate,vitamin B₁₂,iodine,and essential fatty acids during fetal development can reduce cognitive functioning,but the effects are reversible with adequate nourishment during infancy and childhood.

Question 28

A lower-than-expected body weight for height is known as stunted growth.