Deck 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Question 1

What element present in protein is NOT present in carbohydrate or fat?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is the

A) acid group.
B) amine group.
C) side chain.
D) hydrogen group.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

A) side chain
B) central carbon
C) amine group
D) acid group

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide.What is released as a by-product of this process?

A) ammonia
B) water
C) carbon dioxide
D) nitrogen

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?

A) a central carbon
B) an amine group
C) an acid group
D) a fatty acid group

Question 6

In phenylketonuria (PKU),which amino acid becomes conditionally essential?

A) phenylalanine
B) tyrosine
C) alanine
D) cysteine

Question 7

Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids,is stored in glands,and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions?

A) enzyme
B) hormone
C) antibody
D) buffer

Question 8

Cream stiffens when it is whipped.The change that occurs in the protein is called

A) denaturation.
B) translocation.
C) transcription.
D) deamination.

Question 9

A complete protein

A) contains all 20 amino acids.
B) contains all 9 essential amino acids.
C) has not been denatured.
D) is a polypeptide.

Question 10

The distinctive spiral or pleated sheet of a protein is known as its ________ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 11

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?

A) broccoli
B) apple
C) chicken
D) whole grain bread

Question 12

In what cell structure are amino acids assembled into proteins?

A) nucleus
B) ribosome
C) cell membrane
D) mitochondria

Question 13

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

A) the body's need for a protein
B) the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
C) the number of essential amino acids available
D) the combination of proteins consumed in the diet

Question 14

A polypeptide consist of a string of how many amino acids?

A) two
B) more than four
C) nine
D) ten or more

Question 15

Most of the proteins in the body are synthesized from

A) nine amino acids.
B) eleven amino acids.
C) twenty amino acids.
D) more than 300 amino acids.

Question 16

In the body,protein buffers are very important in

A) defending the body against bacteria and toxins.
B) maintaining acid-base balance in the body.
C) accelerating chemical reactions in the body.
D) protecting against and repairing damage to body tissue.

Question 17

The process in which messenger RNA (mRNA)copies genetic information from DNA before carrying it to the ribosome is called

A) translation.
B) deamination.
C) denaturation.
D) transcription.

Question 18

Of the 20 amino acids used by the human body,how many are considered nonessential?

A) none
B) 9
C) 11
D) 20

Question 19

Which of the following plant-based foods provides the MOST complete protein?

A) spinach
B) soymilk
C) whole-wheat bread
D) pinto beans

Question 20

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called

A) gene expression.
B) alteration.
C) deamination.
D) transamination.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

A) maintaining fluid balance
B) providing energy to the blood cells and brain
C) growth and maintenance of new tissue
D) synthesis of hormones

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl)is FALSE?

A) HCl denatures protein strands reaching the stomach.
B) HCl inhibits the digestion of protein by denaturing pepsin.
C) Thinking about food stimulates the production of gastrin which, in turn, controls the production of HCl.
D) HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about a high protein diet is TRUE?

A) A high-protein diet causes loss of bone density and osteoporosis.
B) A high-protein diet increases the risk for kidney failure.
C) The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes eat a low-protein diet.
D) A diet high in protein does not have to be high in saturated fat.

Question 24

The type of protein-energy malnutrition prompted by a low-protein diet and dysfunctional GI flora is called

A) marasmus.
B) stunting.
C) proteinemia.
D) kwashiorkor.

Question 25

Conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the proper balance of

A) glucose.
B) electrolytes.
C) buffers.
D) nitrogen.

Question 26

A well-planned vegetarian diet reduces the risk for which of the following conditions?

A) obesity
B) peptic ulcers
C) type 1 diabetes
D) celiac disease

Question 27

Proteases are

A) protein messengers that are released from storage in response to an alteration in the body's homeostasis.
B) transport proteins that move substances across cell membranes.
C) defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
D) enzymes that break down protein in the small intestine.

Question 28

Which of the following is an amino-acid containing hormone?

A) insulin
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) adrenal hormones

Question 29

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables,grains,fruits,eggs,and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a

A) vegan.
B) lacto-vegetarian.
C) lacto-ovo-vegetarian.
D) pesco-vegetarian.

Question 30

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called

A) the protein-combining method.
B) amino acid sequencing method.
C) mutual supplementation.
D) protein harmonizing.

Question 31

An acid-base imbalance can result in

A) a blood pH of about 7.4.
B) an increased rate of HCL production in the stomach.
C) coma and death.
D) widespread release of antibodies into the bloodstream.

Question 32

Which of the following proteins are critical to the body's defense against bacteria and viruses?

A) enzymes
B) antibodies
C) buffers
D) transport proteins

Question 33

Willa follows a vegan diet.Which of the following does she eat?

A) egg whites
B) plain yogurt
C) whole-grain bread dipped in olive oil
D) gluten-free pancakes with butter and honey

Question 34

Which of the following nutrients is MOST likely to be deficient in a vegan diet?

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) vitamin C

Question 35

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

A) a woman who is six months pregnant
B) an athlete who is consuming 500 Calories a day
C) a fire victim with severe burns
D) a college student who is in good health

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The healthy body's primary energy sources are carbohydrate and fat.
B) The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.
C) To utilize protein for energy, the amine group is removed.
D) Eating sufficient carbohydrate and fat will spare body protein.

Question 37

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine.
D) muscle tissues.

Question 38

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the

A) mouth.
B) pharynx.
C) stomach.
D) pancreas.

Question 39

To conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy,you should

A) eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat.
B) obtain at least 40% of your total energy from protein.
C) engage in strength training at least three times a week.
D) eat meat daily.

Question 40

During the process of protein synthesis,what is the step in which mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cell's ribosome?

A) transcription
B) translation
C) deamination
D) denaturation

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?

A) flat belly and abdomen
B) fatty degeneration of the liver
C) loss of hair
D) weight loss and muscle wasting

Question 42

The positively charged electrolyte concentrated inside the cell is potassium,and the positively charged electrolyte concentrated outside the cell is

A) oxygen.
B) sodium.
C) hydrogen.
D) nitrogen.

Question 43

As compared to the consumption of the same number of Calories in plant proteins,the production of beef releases more

A) water.
B) acid rain.
C) methane.
D) smog.

Question 44

Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans,pinto beans,black beans,soybeans,lentils,and chickpeas?

A) quorn
B) quinoa
C) nuts
D) legumes

Question 45

Which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is TRUE?

A) On average, protein intake recommendations are lower for older adults than for young and middle-age adults.
B) The RDA for protein for sedentary adults is 1.2 g per kg of body weight.
C) The AMDR for protein is 10% to 25% of total energy intake.
D) Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults.

Question 46

Sheldon consumes mostly fruits,legumes and other vegetables,grains,nuts,and seeds,but he often eats eggs,yogurt,and cheese as well.Once or twice a week,he eats a meal containing meat,poultry,and/or fish.Sheldon consumes a

A) vegan diet.
B) macrobiotic diet.
C) plant-based diet.
D) lacto-ovovegetarian diet.

Question 47

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of

A) carcinogens.
B) antioxidants.
C) alcohol.
D) vitamins B₁₂ and D.

Question 48

Carlos is a healthy but sedentary college student.He weighs 175 pounds.About how many grams of protein should he consume each day?

A) 55 grams
B) 64 grams
C) 75 grams
D) 84 grams

Question 49

Which of the following processes involves both the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of existing proteins to amino acids?

A) transcription
B) translation
C) turnover
D) acidosis

Question 50

The process by which cells use genes to make proteins is called

A) translation.
B) gene expression.
C) DNA sequencing.
D) protein turnover.

Question 51

The electrically charged particle that assists in maintaining the body's fluid balance is called a(n)

A) enzyme.
B) protease.
C) hormone.
D) electrolyte.

Question 52

The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are

A) proteases.
B) pepsins.
C) pepsinogens.
D) phosphofructokinases.

Question 53

Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins

A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen.
B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale.
C) triggers acidosis.
D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

Question 54

A substance-usually a protein-that the body recognizes as a foreign invader,triggering an immune response is an

A) antibody.
B) antigen.
C) antihistamine.
D) antibiotic.

Question 55

Which of the following foods,when combined,provide the amino acids to make a complete protein?

A) tofu and broccoli with almonds
B) banana and pineapple
C) spinach and tomatoes
D) corn tortilla and butter

Question 56

The USDA Food Patterns counts 1/3 cup of nuts as equivalent to

A) one serving of meat.
B) one ounce of meat.
C) one pound of meat.
D) one day's recommended protein intake for an average adult.

Question 57

A deficiency of protein can lead to what condition in which fluid accumulates in the body's tissue spaces?

A) edema
B) celiac disease
C) marasmus
D) acidosis

Question 58

When a protein attracts or releases hydrogen,it acts as a

A) transporter.
B) limiter.
C) buffer.
D) hydrogenater.

Question 59

Which hormone controls both the production of HCl and the release of pepsin?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) gastrin
D) pepsinogen

Question 60

Lipoproteins and transferrin act as

A) proteases.
B) transport proteins.
C) buffers.
D) hormones.

Question 61

Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes too basic.

Question 62

Diets high in lean protein are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 63

Protein-energy malnutrition is seen only in developing countries.

Question 64

It is necessary to eat animal-based proteins to stay healthy.

Question 65

All legumes are complete proteins.

Question 66

Consuming individual amino acid supplements on an empty stomach boosts the digestibility of proteins consumed at the following meal.

Question 67

The quality of protein in tofu and tempeh is almost identical to that of meat.

Question 68

Because of their increased protein needs,it is unhealthful for athletes to choose to become vegetarians.

Question 69

The nucleus of every cell in the body contains the genes for making every type of body protein.

Question 70

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)for protein for average adults also meets the needs of strength and endurance athletes.

Question 71

Essential amino acids are more important to the human body than nonessential amino acids.

Question 72

The majority of protein digestion occurs in the mouth.

Question 73

Most Americans consume sufficient or excess amounts of dietary protein.

Question 74

Marasmus is a life-threatening condition resulting from inadequate intakes of protein and total energy.

Question 75

A healthy pregnant woman is in positive nitrogen balance.

Question 76

The protein collagen helps to form scar tissue over a wound.

Question 77

Denaturation results in the loss of the protein's function.

Question 78

Consuming meat,poultry,and fish is necessary to build muscle and improve strength.

Question 79

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered.

Question 80

The process in which a protein loses its shape and function when exposed to acids,heat,and heavy metals is deamination.