Deck 16: New Frontiers in Nutrition and Health

Question 1

The field of nutrigenomics has the potential to improve human health by

A) altering a diseased individual's DNA makeup.
B) expanding the human genome 100-fold.
C) identifying foods that can influence the expression of specific genes.
D) creating new foods with biologically active ingredients.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal (GI)tract benefit our health by

A) serving as "tags" in diagnostic tests for digestive diseases.
B) enable us to digest food and absorb nutrients that otherwise would be unavailable.
C) promoting the inflammatory response.
D) synthesizing all four of the fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Probiotics contribute to human health by improving the balance of healthful bacteria in the GI tract.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Prebiotics are generally found in easily digestible,high-protein foods such as meat and poultry.

Question 5

Prebiotics contribute to health by

A) stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial GI flora.
B) adding lipids to the lining of the GI tract.
C) adding protein and liquid to the GI tract to increase its activity.
D) decreasing lipid metabolism.

Question 6

Current research suggests that a diet rich in orange,yellow,and deep green fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for certain age-related eye diseases.

Question 7

Which of the following would provide the most effective dose of live and active bacterial cultures?

A) 1 teaspoon of inulin
B) 1 cup of yogurt
C) 1 cup of tofu
D) 1 cup of wine

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE of phytochemicals?

A) They are nutrients.
B) They are found in foods derived from both animals and plants.
C) They are most beneficial when consumed in supplements.
D) They are thought to benefit our health by stressing our cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the challenges facing the field of nutrigenomics?

A) Scientists do not know the functions of non-coding regions of DNA that may influence human health.
B) Scientists have not been able to identify any mechanisms by which diet might contribute to disease.
C) Turning genes on or off may prompt different effects in different body cells and systems.
D) Age, gender, and lifestyle must also be taken into account in how foods interact with genes.

Question 10

Orange juice with added calcium is an example of a probiotic beverage.

Question 11

Cottage cheese to which the food manufacturer has added inulin is an example of a

A) processed probiotic food.
B) processed prebiotic food.
C) whole probiotic food.
D) whole functional food.

Question 12

What effect occurs when the binding of epigenetic factors to histone proteins causes DNA to be tightly wound?

A) Genes are less accessible for use in protein synthesis.
B) Genes are more accessible for use in protein synthesis.
C) Genes develop potentially cancer-causing mutations.
D) Genes are better able to defend against cancer-causing chemicals in foods.

Question 13

Research suggests that consumption of probiotics may reduce susceptibility to colds.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a health-promoting function associated with a healthy intake of phytochemicals from foods?

A) reduction in inflammation that is linked to the development of cardiovascular disease
B) slowing of tumor growth in the development of cancer
C) increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics
D) enhanced immune function to protect against infection

Question 15

Inulin is a kind of prebiotic that nourishes colonies of healthful bacteria in the GI tract.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a diet high in phytochemicals?

A) It is thought to increase the risk of cancer.
B) It is thought to reduce inflammation linked to the development of cancer.
C) It can prevent some forms of cancer.
D) It can cure some forms of cancer.

Question 17

Yogurt you purchase from a local dairy farm is a processed food.

Question 18

Current research suggests that the health benefits of phytochemicals can be derived only from phytochemical supplements.

Question 19

Nutrigenomics research has shown that a mother's and a father's diet can affect the genes expressed by their children.

Question 20

Taking a broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight an infection also helps to boost the healthful bacteria in our microbiome.

Question 21

Epigenetic factors actually change the structure of our DNA.

Question 22

Epigenetic factors may help to explain why everyone following the exact same weight-loss diet and exercise program will lose the same amount of weight.