Deck 66: Antiviral Therapy, Susceptibility Testing, and Prevention

Question 1

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Quantifies the amount of viruses infected in cells.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If a physician prescribes Tamiflu to a patient, the patient is most likely infected with which virus?

A) HIV
B) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
C) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
D) Influenza

Answer 2

D
NA inhibitors include the medications zanamivir (Relenza)and oseltamivir (Tamiflu).Both drugs inhibit the viral protein, NA, which prevents the virus release from infected cells.The NA inhibitors are used to treat both influenza A and influenza B, although lower efficacy against influenza B has been reported when using oseltamivir.All classes of drugs are most effective when administrated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms and work to shorten the duration of the infection, as well as reduce complications.

Question 3

Which type of assay uses a variety of endpoint measurements to determine whether the virus is inhibited by the antiviral drug or is demonstrating drug resistance?

A) Phenotypic
B) Genotypic
C) NA inhibition assay
D) Enzyme immunoassay

Answer 3

A
Phenotypic assays use a variety of endpoint measurements to determine whether the virus is inhibited by the antiviral drug or is demonstrating drug resistance.Some of these endpoint measurements include a reduction in the number of plaques, an inhibition of viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)synthesis, a reduction in the yield of a viral structural protein, and a reduction of the enzymatic activity of a functional protein.

Question 4

The only virus that has been globally eradicated is:

A) chickenpox.
B) cowpox.
C) smallpox.
D) swinepox.

Question 5

When performing antiviral susceptibility testing, a standard inoculum must be used.If the inoculum quantity is too large, then the isolate will appear:

A) susceptible.
B) intermediate.
C) resistant.
D) indeterminate.

Question 6

Match the virus with the appropriate antiviral agent.
a.HSV
b.Influenza A
c.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
d.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
e.HIV
Ribavirin

Question 7

Point mutations in the hemagglutination (HA)or neuraminidase (NA)genes during viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP)replication give rise to new strains.This mechanism is known as the antigenic:

A) drift.
B) shift.
C) re-assortment.
D) modification.

Question 8

Match the virus with the appropriate antiviral agent.
a.HSV
b.Influenza A
c.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
d.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
e.HIV
Lamivudine

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Detects resistance genes.

Question 10

Match the virus with the appropriate antiviral agent.
a.HSV
b.Influenza A
c.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
d.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
e.HIV
Saquinavir

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Inhibits viral plaque formation.

Question 12

Match the virus with the appropriate antiviral agent.
a.HSV
b.Influenza A
c.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
d.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
e.HIV
Amantadine

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Quantifies sequence variation.

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Viable cells take up neutral red dye.

Question 15

At the end of the 2008-2009 influenza season, 100% influenza A H3N2 and the novel 2009 influenza A H1N1 were resistant to:

A) adamantane.
B) oseltamivir.
C) Tamiflu.
D) Relenza.

Question 16

The recombinant virus assay (RVA)uses which type of amplification methodology?

A) Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)
B) Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)
C) Strand displacement amplification (SDA)
D) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Question 17

Match the virus with the appropriate antiviral agent.
a.HSV
b.Influenza A
c.Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
d.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
e.HIV
Acyclovir

Question 18

In the 1920s, an instrument known as an "iron lung" was developed to fight breathing difficulties associated with which infection?

A) Rubella
B) Measles
C) Poliomyelitis
D) Cytomegalovirus

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the assay with its function.
a.Phenotypic assay
b.Plaque reduction assay
c.Du assay
d.Flow cytometry
e.Genotypic susceptibility assay
f.Pyrosequencing
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.