Deck 3: Host-Microorganism Interactions

Question 1

Which immune system cells destroy infected or malignant host cells?

A) B lymphocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) Natural killer cells
D) Neutrophils

Answer 1

C
Natural killer cells are an important cellular component of the immune response that serve to destroy infected or malignant host cells.

Question 2

A bacterium that normally colonizes the skin gains access through a laceration and causes infection.This type of infection is classified as:

A) nosocomial.
B) opportunistic.
C) nonpathogenic.
D) immunogenic.

Answer 2

B
Although bacteria colonize the skin and are nonpathogenic to the host, they have the ability to cause infection if given the opportunity to penetrate the skin barrier and enter the host's system.

Question 3

An example of antibody-mediated immunity is:

A) phagocytosis.
B) macrophage release.
C) T-cell activation.
D) B-cell activation.

Answer 3

D
Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that are produced by B cells; therefore, antibody-mediated immunity is observed in B-cell activation.

Question 4

Which immune system cells primarily function as antibody producers and originate from stem cells?

A) B lymphocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) Natural killer cells
D) Neutrophils

Question 5

Which one of the following statements is true regarding endotoxins?

A) They are produced and released by living bacteria.
B) They are associated with gram-positive bacteria.
C) They interrupt protein synthesis.
D) They are released upon cell death.

Question 6

The coagulation system serves to:

A) increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B) attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C) provide substances secreted by one type of cell, which have substantial effects on the antiinfective activities of other cells.
D) ingest and destroy microorganisms.

Question 7

Which stage of infection is characterized by host deterioration and possibly death?

A) Prodromal
B) Clinical
C) Decline
D) Convalescent

Question 8

Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all manifestations of:

A) nosocomial infection.
B) inflammation.
C) bacterial colonization.
D) coagulation.

Question 9

The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body is called a(n):

A) infection.
B) colonization.
C) nosocomial infection.
D) reservoir.

Question 10

The antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes is:

A) immunoglobulin (Ig) G.
B) IgA.
C) IgM.
D) IgE.

Question 11

A human infection that results from a microorganism that primarily infects animal populations is referred to as a(n)_________ infection.

A) accidental
B) zoonotic
C) secondary
D) vector

Question 12

Cells with a short life span that circulate in blood and tissues and are usually the first cells on the scene of a bacterial invasion are called:

A) monocytes.
B) polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
C) lymphocytes.
D) macrophages.

Question 13

The complement system serves to:

A) increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B) attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C) provide substances secreted by one type of cell, which have substantial effects on the antiinfective activities of other cells.
D) ingest and destroy microorganisms.

Question 14

Infectious processes that quickly develop are referred to as _________ infections.

A) chronic
B) latent
C) acute
D) nosocomial

Question 15

Biochemicals known as cytokines serve to:

A) increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B) attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C) have substantial effects on the activities of other cells.
D) directly kill gram-negative bacteria.

Question 16

Latent infections are those that:

A) develop and progress slowly.
B) develop quickly and end soon.
C) exist as a silent phase in which the agent is causing no notable effect.
D) develop quickly but last long.

Question 17

Proper hand-washing and hygiene procedures by hospital staff are essential in preventing which types of infections?

A) Chronic
B) Latent
C) Acute
D) Nosocomial

Question 18

Infectious processes that develop and slowly progress are known as _________ infections.

A) chronic
B) latent
C) acute
D) nosocomial

Question 19

Specific proteins produced by cells of the immune system in response to the presence of foreign molecules that circulate in the serum and are present in secretions such as saliva are called:

A) antigens.
B) immunoglobulins.
C) cytokines.
D) phagogens.

Question 20

Cells that ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles are called:

A) phagocytes.
B) lymphocytes.
C) goblet cells.
D) ciliated cells.

Question 21

Botulism and tetanus have the ability to interfere with neuromuscular functions.The toxins they produce are classified as:

A) endotoxins.
B) enterotoxins.
C) exotoxins.
D) emetic toxins.

Question 22

IgG is the:

A) first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B) antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C) antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D) second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 23

IgM is the:

A) first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B) antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C) antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D) second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 24

IgE is the:

A) first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B) antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C) antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D) second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 25

Pathogens are able to produce enzymes that directly destroy or inactivate antibodies.These enzymes are referred to as:

A) proteases.
B) nucleases.
C) collagenases.
D) polymerases.