Deck 3: Infectious Diseases

Question 1

When a disease always occurs at low levels in a population, it is said to be _____.

A)endemic
B)epidemic
C)pandemic
D)pathodemic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A pathogen is a _____.

A)disease-causing microorganism
B)disease always present within a population
C)prion, composed only of proteins
D)specialist in the study of disease

Answer 2

A

Question 3

_____ of potentially infectious materials, like surfaces in patient's rooms and linens, is necessary to prevent transmission.

A)Disinfection
B)Isolation
C)Infestation
D)Quarantine

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Of all methods, _____ may be the most effective way to protect personal and public health from infectious diseases, such as the elimination of smallpox.

A)antibiotics
B)fomites
C)nosocomials
D)vaccinations

Question 5

The principle routes of transmission of _____ infections are contact with healthcare staff, contact with contaminated instruments, and through the hospital's ventilation system

A)cilia
B)endemic
C)microbiota
D)nosocomial

Question 6

Normal flora _____.

A)always cause disease and are highly contagious
B)are used to develop drugs used to fight infections
C)do not harm us and in some cases help us
D)have diagnostic principles to help identify disease

Question 7

People who harbor an infectious agent but do not have signs or symptoms are known as _____.

A)carriers
B)fomites
C)prions
D)reservoir

Question 8

The word _____ is derived from Greek words that mean "to cause suffering."

A)contagious
B)disease
C)infection
D)pathogen

Question 9

_____ of infected persons in hospitals, such as a person with influenza remains home in bed, can be an effective way to control infectious diseases.

A)Disinfection
B)Isolation
C)Infestation
D)Quarantine

Question 10

_____ transmission of an infectious disease occurs when an individual is infected by contact with the reservoir.

A)Direct horizontal
B)Direct vertical
C)Indirect horizontal
D)Indirect vertical

Question 11

_____ transmission describes transmission of an infectious disease from a reservoir to a susceptible human.

A)Diagonal
B)Horizontal
C)Oblique
D)Vertical

Question 12

A weakened patient, such as one with a weakened immune system, is an ideal target for an _____ pathogen.

A)emerging
B)isolation
C)opportunistic
D)reemerging

Question 13

Infectious diseases transmitted directly by human contact are said to be _____.

A)contagious or communicable
B)endemic or epidemic
C)horizontal or vertical
D)incidence or prevalence

Question 14

Intravenous drug users who share needles can transmit infectious diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV via _____ contact.

A)direct
B)horizontal
C)indirect
D)vertical

Question 15

Tracking the _____ of a disease is tracking the number of new cases of a disease in a population.

A)incidence
B)outbreak
C)pandemic
D)prevalence

Question 16

_____ transmission of an infectious disease occurs when a pathogen can withstand the environment outside of its host for a long period of time before infecting another individual.

A)Direct horizontal
B)Direct vertical
C)Indirect transmission
D)Indirect vertical

Question 17

_____ is the separation of persons who may or may not be infected from healthy people until the period of infectious risk is passed.

A)Disinfection
B)Isolation
C)Infestation
D)Quarantine

Question 18

_____ etiquette controls the spread of influenza, cold, tuberculosis, and other pulmonary disease.

A)Cardiac
C)Respiratory
D)Digestive
D)Urinary

Question 19

The most common type of nosocomial infections are _____.

A)bloodstream infections
B)respiratory infections
C)surgical site infections
D)urinary tract infections

Question 20

Diseases that are transmitted primarily by _____ contact include ringworm, HIV/AIDS, the common cold, and influenza.

A)direct
B)horizontal
C)indirect
D)vertical

Question 21

Antifungal drugs target fungal _____.

A)cell nuclei
B)cell organelles
C)DNA and RNA
D)walls and membranes

Question 22

Protozoa are _____.

A)much larger than bacteria
B)much larger than helminths
C)much smaller than bacteria
D)much smaller than viruses

Question 23

Some viruses cause infected cells to _____, or rupture, as when HIV infects and reproduces within T cells.

A)disinfect
B)lyse
C)reservoir
D)spore

Question 24

Fungal infections are known as _____.

A)chitins
B)mycoses
C)pseudopodia
D)spirochetes

Question 25

Penicillin and related drugs act on _____.

A)the cell nucleus and are especially useful in controlling gram-negative viruses
B)the cell nucleus and are especially useful in controlling gram-positive viruses
C)the cell wall and are especially useful in controlling gram-negative bacteria
D)the cell wall and are especially useful in controlling gram-positive bacteria

Question 26

Where bloodborne pathogens are likely to be encountered, a workplace must adopt the practice of _____.

A)Isolation Techniques
B)Quarantine Precautions
C)Standard Precautions
D)Sterilization Standards

Question 27

_____ is caused by the paramyxovirus.

A)Measles
B)Mumps
C)Rubella
D)Tetanus

Question 28

The human papillomavirus is linked to _____ cancer.

A)brain
B)cervical
C)skin
D)thyroid

Question 29

Rubella (German measles)is caused by the rubella _____.

A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)protozoan
D)virus

Question 30

A _____ is an infectious agent composed only of proteins.

A)bacteria
B)capsid
C)prion
D)virus

Question 31

Some species of bacteria produce _____ that permit these bacteria to survive drying, lack of nutrients, and harsh conditions such as extreme heat.

A)capsid
B)cilia
C)endospores
D)prion

Question 32

Viruses are infectious particles with a core of genetic material wrapped in a _____.

A)bacteria
B)capsid
C)prion
D)virus

Question 33

Pneumocystis jirovecii causes an opportunistic form of pneumonia, one of the diagnostic indicator diseases for _____

A)AIDS
B)HBV
C)IgG
D)SLE

Question 34

During the gram stain process, _____.

A)thick-walled cells turn orange and thin-walled cells become yellow
B)thick-walled cells turn pink and thin-walled cells become purple
C)thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become pink
D)thick-walled cells turn yellow and thin-walled cells become orange

Question 35

The _____ estimates that 5.6 million healthcare workers in the United States are at risk work-related exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

A)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B)Department of Health and Human Services
C)Occupational Safety and Health Administration
D)World Health Organization

Question 36

One classification of protozoa move by means of numerous hairlike projections called _____.

A)cilia
B)flagellates
C)mycelia
D)spores

Question 37

Bacteria that have spherical (round)shapes are called _____.

A)bacilli
B)cocci
C)spirochetes
D)vibrios

Question 38

_____ is a highly contagious disease caused by the rubeola virus.

A)Measles
B)Mumps
C)Rubella
D)Tetanus

Question 39

Antibiotic resistance plays an important role in the increased incidence of _____ infections.

A)bacterial
B)fungual
C)protozoan
D)viral

Question 40

_____ must carry out their life processes by entering cells and directing the cell's energy, materials, and organelles.

A)Bacteria
B)Capsids
C)Prions
D)Viruses

Question 41

The OSHA bloodborne Pathogens Standard is aimed at protecting healthcare workers from exposure to and infection by bloodborne pathogens.

Question 42

Contaminated inanimate objects are called fomites, and these can also transmit infection.

Question 43

Prion diseases usually progress rapidly and are currently untreatable and fatal.

Question 44

Health care workers who have antibodies to HBV either from preexposure vaccination or prior infection are not at risk for contracting Hepatitis B.

Question 45

Bacteria that are comma-shaped are called vibrios.

Question 46

Fungi can be single-celled or multi-celled organisms.

Question 47

Punctures, injections, bites, and surgery that allow microorganisms to be deposited directly into the tissue below the skin is known as the parenteral route of infection.

Question 48

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they do not independently grow, metabolize, or reproduce.

Question 49

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms.

Question 50

Healthcare facilities are a major reservoir for opportunistic pathogens that can cause nosocomial infections.

Question 51

Food and beverages can transmit infectious disease, such as through the fecal-oral route.

Question 52

Vertical transmission of infectious diseases can occur either directly or indirectly.

Question 53

The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure to HIV-infected blood is 0.3%.

Question 54

If a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area, it is said to be epidemic.

Question 55

The number of existing cases of a disease is known as its incidence.

Question 56

Transmission by direct contact also occurs when infectious agents are expelled in droplets produced by sneezing or coughing.

Question 57

The source of an infectious agent is known as a reservoir.

Question 58

Handwashing prevents foodborne illnesses as well as those transmitted by respiratory droplets.

Question 59

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms.

Question 60

Normal flora microorganisms may become harmful and become opportunistic pathogens.

Question 61

Treatment for systemic fungual infections entail risky side effects.

Question 62

Antibiotic resistance arises when bacteria adapt to antibiotics.

Question 63

Some antiviral drugs act as nucleic acid analogues, substances that mimic DNA or RNA bases.

Question 64

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms called _____.

Question 65

_____ is the study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

Question 66

Viral infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics.

Question 67

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, _____ is the single most important means of preventing the spread of nosocomial infections.

Question 68

An example of a _____ transmission of an infectious disease is one that is transmitted to newborns from infected mothers.

Question 69

The 100 trillion microorganisms that are commonly present in or on our bodies comprise our normal flora or _____.

Question 70

The _____ tract is the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens.

Question 71

_____ or hospital-acquired infections are infections acquired in a healthcare facility.

Question 72

Bacteria have _____, a rigid layer or organic material surrounding their delicate cell membranes.

Question 73

Bacteria that have rod-shaped cells are called _____.

Question 74

When an epidemic has spread to include several areas worldwide, it is said to be _____.

Question 75

There are certain antibiotics that may be used to treat protozoal infections.

Question 76

Bacteria that have spiral-shaped cells are called _____.

Question 77

_____ diseases are certain infectious diseases that physicians must report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 78

Some viruses sustain a _____ infection, whereby they insert themselves into cells and later a trigger activates the virus.

Question 79

Bacteria that have corkscrew-shaped cells are called _____.

Question 80

When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides, this is described as an _____.