Deck 6: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The pericardium is a _____.

A)double-layered membrane that encloses the heart
B)four-chambered structure that lies inside the heart
C)single layer of membrane that lines the inside of the heart
D)triple-layered membrane that encloses the heart

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Blockage of the _____ can reduce blood supply to the brain, causing a stroke.

A)carotid arteries
B)coronary arteries
C)peripheral veins
D)pulmonary veins

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Primary hypertension is also called _____ hypertension.

A)essential
B)pre-
C)secondary
D)Stage II

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ employs an injected contrast material that permits imaging of blood vessel function.

A)Angiocardiography
B)Cardiac catheterization
C)Coronary arteriography
D)Electrocardiography

Question 5

A small patch of tissue called the _____ acts as the pacemaker of the heart.

A)atrioventricular node
B)bundle of His
C)Purkinje fibers
D)sinoatrial node

Question 6

Generally, the higher the level of _____, the lower the risk of coronary artery disease.

A)CAD
B)CVI
C)HDL
D)LDL

Question 7

Listening through a stethoscope for abnormal heart sounds is an example of _____.

A)auscultation
B)percussion
C)palpation
D)inspection

Question 8

The superior and inferior _____ deliver systemic blood to the right atrium.

A)arterials
B)capillaries
C)venae cavae
D)venules

Question 9

In peripheral arterial disease, the most commonly affected arteries are the _____ arteries.

A)carotid and renal
B)femoral and popliteal
C)hepatic and circumflex
D)pulmonary and coronary

Question 10

_____ samples the blood in each heart chamber for oxygen content and pressure.

A)Angiocardiography
B)Cardiac catheterization
C)Coronary arteriography
D)Electrocardiography

Question 11

Occlusion of a coronary artery may result in _____.

A)atheromatous plaque
B)chest pain
C)claudication
D)peripheral vascular disease

Question 12

_____ is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood, and is also known as "bad" cholesterol.

A)CAD
B)CVI
C)HDL
D)LDL

Question 13

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is named because it has _____.

A)three chambers
B)three cusps
C)two chambers
D)two cusps

Question 14

The simplest form of atherosclerosis is _____, which are thin, flat discolorations in the arteries that can enlarge and become thicker as they grow in length.

A)atheromatous plaque
B)fatty streaks
C)ischemia
D)thrombosis

Question 15

Hypertension is broadly defined as an arterial pressure greater than _____ on at least three consecutive measures.

A)120/80
B)140/90
C)160/100
D)180/110

Question 16

In _____, artery walls thicken and become hard and inflexible.

A)arteriosclerosis
B)atherosclerosis
C)cardiomyopathy
D)claudication

Question 17

Raynaud's disease is a disorder of the arteries in the _____.

A)arms and legs
B)chest and abdomen
C)fingers and toes
D)neck and head

Question 18

In _____ hypertension, the elevation in blood pressure results from some other disease.

A)essential
B)pre-
C)secondary
D)Stage II

Question 19

Heart muscle is influenced by the _____ nervous system and hormones such as epinephrine.

A)autonomic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sympathetic

Question 20

A fibrous _____ is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and formation of scar tissue, that begins as a white gray thickening of the inner lining of the artery.

A)atheromatous plaque
B)fatty streaks
C)ischemia
D)thrombosis

Question 21

One of the symptoms of CHD is _____, a sensation of a rapid pounding hearbeat.

A)angina
B)ischemia
C)palpitations
D)thrombosis

Question 22

_____ cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people.

A)Aneurysmic
B)Dilated
C)Hypertrophic
D)Restrictive

Question 23

_____ is a life-threatening emergency, a form of cardiac arrest.

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Bradycardia
C)Tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 24

The risk factors for rheumatic fever include age and infection with _____.

A)group A hemolytic streptococci
B)Coxackie virus
C)parovirus
D)Plasmodium

Question 25

The most common cause of CVI is _____.

A)a thrombosis
B)an aneurysm
C)hypertension
D)varicose veins

Question 26

Compression sclerotherapy is a treatment used for _____.

A)aneurysms
B)chronic venous insufficiency
C)thrombosis
D)varicose veins

Question 27

_____ cardiomyopathy is the least common form of cardiomyopathies, and is associated with reduced filling of the heart.

A)Aneurysmic
B)Dilated
C)Hypertrophic
D)Restrictive

Question 28

_____ is an abnormally low heart rate less than 50 beats per minute.

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Bradycardia
C)Tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 29

The supraventricular arrhythmias do NOT include arrhythmias generated in the _____.

A)atrioventricular node
B)junctional tissue
C)sinoatrial node
D)ventricular conduction system

Question 30

_____ is a sustained heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Bradycardia
C)Tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 31

_____ is a procedure used to open a partly occluded artery.

A)Angioplasty
B)Compression sclerotherapy
C)Doppler echocardiography
D)Vein stripping

Question 32

_____ is a nonsurgical procedure using a catheter inserted into the heart and directs energy to sever the area causing the abnormal rhythm.

A)Ablation
B)Bypass
C)Defibrillator
D)Electrocardioversion

Question 33

The signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever begin approximately 2 _____ following the infection.

A)days
B)weeks
C)months
D)years

Question 34

Ventricular hypertrophy is the dominant feature of _____ cardiomyopathy.

A)Aneurysmic
B)Dilated
C)Hypertrophic
D)Restrictive

Question 35

The clamping of the umbilical cord and removal from the placental circulation causes an increase in _____ pressure.

A)left atrial
B)left ventricular
C)right atrail
D)right ventricular

Question 36

_____ is the most common heart rhythm disorder.

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Bradycardia
C)Tachycardia
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 37

A stent is a cylindrical wire mesh that surrounds an _____.

A)anastomosis
B)aneurysm
C)angioplasty balloon
D)atrial node

Question 38

_____ veins are small, dense networks of veins that appear as red or blue discolorations on the skin.

A)Fusiform
B)Saccular
C)Spider
D)Varicose

Question 39

Acute forms of endocarditis involve the formation of nodules, or _____.

A)aneurysms
B)emboli
C)thrombus
D)vegetations

Question 40

_____ cardiomyopathy is the most common form of all cardiomyopathies.

A)Aneurysmic
B)Dilated
C)Hypertrophic
D)Restrictive

Question 41

Ultrasound and angiography will confirm the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease.

Question 42

The most common cause of arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis.

Question 43

Symptoms of atherosclerosis do not appear until the interior of the vein is occluded.

Question 44

Blood flows through two routes: the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation.

Question 45

The mitral valve lies between the right atrium and left atrium.

Question 46

Lipids include cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides.

Question 47

Kidney disease can result in primary hypertension.

Question 48

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disorder.

Question 49

Treatment for Raynaud's disease is aimed at reducing triggers for the symptoms.

Question 50

Fat in the human body takes the form of triglycerides.

Question 51

Claudication, a clot within a blood vessel, forms because of ulceration and turbulent blood flow.

Question 52

Arterioles lead into capillaries, the connecting link between arteries and veins.

Question 53

Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition of poor venous blood return to the lower extremities.

Question 54

Raynaud's disease is triggered by exposure to heat.

Question 55

The walls of arteries are muscular, thick, strong, elastic, and are lined with endothelium.

Question 56

Arterioles can change their diameter by constricting or dilating, which alters blood flow to the tissues.

Question 57

The internal lining of the heart consists of a smooth, delicate membrane called the exocardium.

Question 58

The danger of an aneurysm is the tendency to increase in size and rupture.

Question 59

Coronary veins provide the heart muscle with a reliable blood supply.

Question 60

Aneurysms are caused by blood pooling within the veins because of decreased, stagnated blood flow.

Question 61

Ventricular arrhythmias are more serious and potentially life threatening than other types of arrhythmias.

Question 62

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide.

Question 63

Risk factors for myocarditis include viral and bacterial infections.

Question 64

A ventricular septal defect is one of the four abnormalities found in congestive heart failure.

Question 65

The signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure include ankle swelling and shortness of breath with exertion.

Question 66

Any condition that reduces the heart's ability to pump effectively or decrease venous return can cause shock.

Question 67

A symptom of infective endocarditis includes a change in the sound or character of a heart murmur.

Question 68

An EKG can aid in identifying abnormalities in heart rate and rhythm, as well as areas of damaged heart tissue.

Question 69

Corrective surgery within the first two to three weeks of life is essential for transposition of the great arteries condition.

Question 70

Fetal circulation is anatomically different than postnatal circulation.

Question 71

There are two types of cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular and ventricular.

Question 72

More than 90% of persons with CHD have coronary atherosclerosis.

Question 73

Patients with severe cardiomyopathy my undergo a heart transplant.

Question 74

The incidence of rheumatic fever is highest among the elderly 65 - 75 years of age.

Question 75

Heart block occurs when the atria and ventricles contract independent of each other.

Question 76

In transposition of the great arteries, the pulmonary artery is attached to the right ventricle, and the aorta is attached to the left ventricle.

Question 77

Treatment for congestive heart failure cannot cure or reverse the condition.

Question 78

Some of the symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot is difficulty eating, failure to gain weight, and poor development.

Question 79

Infants born with Down syndrome and Turner syndrome have an increased risk for congenital heart disease.

Question 80

Endocarditis does not affect a healthy heart.