Deck 7: Diseases of the Blood

Question 1

The _____ stage in the development of iron-deficiency anemia is a negative iron balance, in which the demands for iron exceed the body's ability to absorb iron from the diet.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primary function of _____ is to defend tissues against infections and foreign substances.

A)erythrocytes
B)leukocytes
C)plasmas
D)platelets

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In some blood disorders, treatment with erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the _____, will be used.

A)kidneys
B)pancreas
C)pituitary gland
D)thyroid gland

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Plasma contains the protein _____, which promotes the blood's ability to hold water and maintain pressure inside the blood vessels.

A)albumin
B)hemoglobin
C)lymphocytes
D)platelets

Question 5

Old red blood cells are removed from the body by the _____.

A)bone marrow and thymus
B)kidneys and intestine
C)liver and spleen
D)stomach and spleen

Question 6

A _____ is used to diagnose malignant blood disorders and increases or decreases in blood counts.

A)bone marrow smear
B)CT scan
C)MRI
D)splenectomy

Question 7

_____ is the iron-containing molecule found in red blood cells.

A)Globin
B)Heme
C)Plasma
D)Platelets

Question 8

The _____ are caused by impaired DNA synthesis.

A)folic acid-deficiency anemias
B)iron-deficiency anemias
C)megaloblastic anemias
D)vitamin B₁₂ anemias

Question 9

The _____ stage of iron-deficiency anemia occurs when the iron stores of the body become depleted.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 10

In some cases of anemia of chronic disease, therapy with the hormone _____ may be used.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)erythropoietin
C)estrogen
D)testosterone

Question 11

_____, or red blood cells, make up about half of the blood's volume.

A)Erythrocytes
B)Leukocytes
C)Lymphocytes
D)Monocytes

Question 12

Risk factors for _____ anemia include excessive blood loss, menstruation, pregnancy, and rapid growth during adolescence.

A)folic acid-deficiency
B)iron-deficiency
C)megaloblastic
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 13

In the lungs, hemoglobin binds to oxygen, becoming _____.

A)carboxyhemoglobin
B)erythropoeisis
C)hemoglobinopathies
D)oxyhemoglobin

Question 14

_____ blood analysis provides qualitative information such as size, shape, and ratio of one cell type to another.

A)Complete blood count
B)D-Dimer
C)Differential
D)Serum chemistry

Question 15

The most frequent cause of iron deficiency in men and postmenopausal women is _____.

A)cardiovascular disease
B)gastrointestinal bleeding
C)infectious diseases
D)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Question 16

What type of anemia is caused by the failure to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin?

A)Anemia of renal disease
B)Hemolytic anemia
C)Pernicious anemia
D)Sickle cell anemia

Question 17

Vitamin _____ is required for the synthesis of the prothrombin and thrombin clotting factors.

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)K

Question 18

_____ are produced in the bone marrow and are essential for blood clotting.

A)Erythrocytes
B)Leukocytes
C)Plasmas
D)Platelets

Question 19

Mature red blood cells emerge from the bone marrow as _____.

A)erythrocytes
B)leukocytes
C)monocytes
D)reticulocytes

Question 20

With no _____, red blood cells do not grow or repair themselves.

A)cell wall
B)cytoplasm
C)Golgi apparatus
D)nucleus

Question 21

Because of the increased concentration of blood cells in patients with _____, a patient may experience itching and pain in their fingers and toes.

A)polycythemia vera
B)sickle cell anemia
C)thalassemia
D)thrombocytopenia

Question 22

Disorders of _____ are commonly known as bleeding disorders.

A)anemia
B)hemolysis
C)hemostasis
D)ischemia

Question 23

In sickle cell disease, tissue death caused by _____ causes great pain and may lead to organ failure.

A)ecchymosis
B)hemolysis
C)ischemia
D)petechiae

Question 24

Symptoms of _____ include abdominal distress, nausea and vomiting, and burning of the tongue.

A)pernicious anemia
B)polycythemia vera
C)sickle cell anemia
D)thalassemia

Question 25

Polycythemia vera is most commonly seen in _____.

A)older men
B)older women
C)younger men
D)younger women

Question 26

_____ is a reduction in circulating red blood cells that is caused by accelerated destruction of red blood cells.

A)Anemia of renal disease
B)Hemolytic anemia
C)Pernicious anemia
D)Sickle cell anemia

Question 27

In sickle cell disease, red blood cells contain an abnormal form of _____.

A)bilirubin
B)hemoglobin
C)plasma
D)platelets

Question 28

Treatment for sickle cell anemia is aimed at preventing sickle cell _____.

A)ecchymosis
B)hemolysis
C)ischemia
D)petechiae

Question 29

Treatment for polycythemia vera is aimed at _____.

A)decreasing the destruction of red blood cells
B)decreasing the thickness of the blood
C)increasing the number of red blood cells
D)increasing the production of erythropoietin

Question 30

It would take approximately three to six _____ for a normal individual to become deficient in vitamin B₁₂ if absorption were to cease abruptly.

A)days
B)weeks
C)months
D)years

Question 31

In hemolytic anemia, the accumulation of _____ causes a jaundiced or yellow-orange appearance in the tissues, urine, and feces.

A)bilirubin
B)erythrocytes
C)hemoglobin
D)platelets

Question 32

Unlike other anemias, hemolytic anemia produces increased serum levels of _____.

A)bilirubin
B)erythrocytes
C)heme
D)iron

Question 33

Folic acid is synthesized by many different types of plants and _____.

A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)parasites
D)viruses

Question 34

Approximately _____ of African Americans have the sickle cell anemia trait.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 35

An abnormally small number of circulating _____ is the condition of thrombocytopenia.

A)erythrocytes
B)hemoglobin
C)leukocytes
D)platelets

Question 36

In sickle cell disease, crystals continue to form as _____ is released, and the red cells assume a sickled shape.

A)carbon dioxide
B)heme
C)oxygen
D)platelets

Question 37

The signs and symptoms of _____ result from increased viscosity of the blood.

A)polycythemia vera
B)sickle cell anemia
C)thalassemia
D)thrombocytopenia

Question 38

Vegetarians who eat no animal products may develop _____.

A)pernicious anemia
B)polycythemia vera
C)sickle cell anemia
D)thalassemia

Question 39

The most severe forms of thalassemia produce severe, life-threatening _____.

A)anemia
B)hemolysis
C)ischemia
D)petechiae

Question 40

The underlying cause of impaired erythropoiesis in megaloblastic anemia is deficiency in vitamin _____ and/or folic acid.

A)B₁₂
B)C
C)E
D)K

Question 41

Hemophilia A is an X-linked _____.

A)dominant disorder that primarily affects females
B)dominant disorder that primarily affects males
C)recessive disorder that primarily affects females
D)recessive disorder that primarily affects males

Question 42

Vitamin _____ is a fat-soluble vitamin that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)B
B)C
C)K
D)Z

Question 43

The etiology of anemia of chronic disease most often is a defect in erythropoesis.

Question 44

Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the human body.

Question 45

The symptoms of anemia are due to tissue hypoxia.

Question 46

_____ can usually be corrected by treating the underlying cause.

A)Hemophilia
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Thalassemia
D)Thrombocytopenia

Question 47

Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells have a nucleus.

Question 48

A common cause of _____ is cancer chemotherapy or radiation treatment.

A)polycythemia vera
B)sickle cell anemia
C)thalassemia
D)thrombocytopenia

Question 49

Coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and _____ require the presence of vitamin K for normal activity.

A)bilirubin
B)hemoglobin
C)platelets
D)prothrombin

Question 50

In physical examinations, the major sign of anemia is pallor.

Question 51

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura most commonly occurs as an acute problem in _____ following a viral infection.

A)children
B)elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 52

In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells appear cigar-shaped or pencil-shaped.

Question 53

Hypereosinophilia can occur in response to a _____ infection and is a normal immune response.

A)bacterial
B)fungal
C)parasitic
D)viral

Question 54

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an _____ disease.

A)acute degenerative
B)autoimmune
C)infectious
D)inflammatory

Question 55

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide.

Question 56

Red blood cells have a short lifespan of only 120 days.

Question 57

_____ is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy or medical immune suppression.

A)Neutropenia
B)Polycythemia vera
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Thalassemia

Question 58

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in clotting factor

A)VII
B)VIII
C)IX
D)X

Question 59

Mature red blood cells emerge from the bone marrow as reticulocytes.

Question 60

Erythropoeisis is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin.

Question 61

Thrombocytopenia makes the body vulnerable to prolonged bleeding.

Question 62

In relative polycythemia, the increase in red blood cell mass is due to a loss of plasma volume.

Question 63

_____, or white blood cells, include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

Question 64

Hemoglobin is composed of a protein called _____ and an iron-containing molecule.

Question 65

The principal dietary sources of vitamin B₁₂ include fruits and vegetables.

Question 66

_____ consists mostly of water, which carries nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, clotting factors, albumin and antibodies.

Question 67

Thalassemias are the most common genetic disorder in the world.

Question 68

Patients with sickle cell disease suffer from hemolytic anemia.

Question 69

The process of red blood cell formation is called _____.

Question 70

Patients with chronic neutropenia may experience chronic infections.

Question 71

Patients who have heterozygous sickle cell trait have the more severe form known as sickle cell anemia.

Question 72

Of the various folic acid stores in the body, half of folic acid amounts are located in the liver.

Question 73

The pathogenesis of DIC involves the release of thrombin into the systemic circulation.

Question 74

Eosinophilia-Myalgia syndrome has been related to ingestion of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan.

Question 75

Platelets and _____ form a dense mesh at a wound, preventing blood loss.

Question 76

Patients with anemia of renal disease usually have normal serum iron.

Question 77

Von Willebrand's disease is an inherited bleeding disorder that is most often diagnosed in children.

Question 78

One of the treatments for DIC involves the administration of intravenous anticoagulants.

Question 79

The prognosis for idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is poor without treatment, with medium survival of approximately 1 year.

Question 80

The diagnosis of ITP is based on the appearance of severe thrombocytopenia.