Deck 3: Career Counseling Models

Question 1

How is indecision viewed according to the learning theory of career counseling?

A)​Viewed as a negative diagnosis
B)​Indecision is not expected
C)​Indecision is condemned
D)​An existing condition of a client who is open to learning and exploration

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Clients must be prepared to project self into the work world is emphasized in which one of the aforementioned career counseling models?​

Answer 2

B​

Question 3

A consensus of procedures in the career counseling models includes:​

A)​information gathering only.
B)​diagnosis and decision making only.
C)assessment only.
D)​information gathering, assessment, diagnosis, intervention strategies and decision making.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The formulation of goals, a collaborative effort between counselor and client, is consolidated in writing on an ILP.An ILP is an abbreviation of:​

A)​Individual Learning Plan.
B)​Individual Life Plan.
C)​Individual Life Process.
D)​Individual Learning Process.

Question 5

Data integration is emphasized as a method of using assessment results in which of the aforementioned models?​

Question 6

Gap is used to describe a career problem of dissonance of what actually exists and what the client feels does exist is a part of which of the aforementioned models?​

Question 7

Occupational reinforcement patterns are prominently used in which of the aforementioned career counseling models?​

Question 8

Faulty career beliefs are a significant factor in which of the aforementioned career counseling model?​

Question 9

Which two methods and constructs have converged in the last decade?

A)​Person-Environment-Fit and Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC)
B)​Trait-and-Factor and Developmental Model
C)​Trait-and-Factor and Person-Environment-Fit (PEF)
D)​Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) and Trait-and-Factor

Question 10

What is the name given to the assessment of life roles and work-role salience?

A)​The Salience Inventory
B)​The Life and Work Role Salience Assessment Tool
C)​The Work-Role Assessment
D)​The Life Role Assessment

Question 11

Which one of the aforementioned models specifically mentions the use of job clubs as a part of job search strategies?​

Question 12

What is the most popular theory in practical application?

A)​Trait-and-factor model
B)​Cognitive information-processing model
C)​Learning theory model
D)​Developmental model

Question 13

In the mid 1990s, who presented a multicultural career counseling model for ethnic women, helping to provide a means of comparing techniques designed to identify specific needs of a special group of clients and the methods and materials used in the counseling process?​

A)​Bingham and Ward
B)​Bingham and Walsh
C)​Bingham and Wood
D)​Bing and Ward

Question 14

The assessment of human traits is a vital part of each career counseling model discussed in this chapter.Which career counseling model is considered to be the one that has influenced this trend?

Question 15

Building an effective individual learning plan is a feature of which one of the aforementioned models?​

Question 16

The approach to career problem solving and decision making considered an extension of a career development theory is called:

A)​Learning Theory Model.
B)​Trait-and-Factor Model.
C)​Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Model.
D)​Development Model.

Question 17

An indecisive client may be characterized by:

A)​having cognitive clarity.
B)​having a high level of self-confidence.
C)​having a high level of anxiety accompanied by dysfunctional thinking.
D)​having rational beliefs.

Question 18

In the fourth stage of the LTCC model, collecting information, the main objectives are:

A)​to introduce clients to career information resources, their purpose and use.
B)​to become involved in programs of interview training, preparing a resume or joining a job club.
C)to formulate goals and generate activities.
D)​to re-evaluate, decide tentatively or recycle.

Question 19

Which theorists have delineated a comprehensive learning theory of career counseling (LTTC)?​

A)​Krumboltz, Mitchell, Gelatt, Hamel and Nichols
B)​Only Krumboltz
C)​Krumboltz and Super
D)​Mitchell, Gelatt and Super

Question 20

What key components are given in the first step toward establishing rapport and culturally appropriate relationships in the multicultural model of career counseling?​

A)​Isolating unique cultural variables
B)​Identifying barriers
C)​Goal setting as a collaborative negotiation
D)​Trust and collaboration

Question 21

In the developmental model what should clients focus on?

A)​A balanced lifestyle is not a top priority in the developmental model
B)​The development of all life roles for a balanced lifestyle, with an emphasis on an individual's unique needs
C)​The development of other people's expectations
D)​The restriction of career alternatives

Question 22

In the Decision Skills Domain, the five stages referred to as the CASVE cycle, include:

A)​communication, analysis, synthesis, valuing and execution.
B)​communication, aptitude, synthesis, values and executive.
C)​cognitive, analysis, synthesis, valuing and execution.
D)​cognitive, application, synthesis, values and experience.

Question 23

In the career development assessment and counseling (CDAC) stage of the developmental model, what is assessed in the first of the four steps?​

A)​The client's perception of the work role
B)​The abilities, interests and values of the client
C)​The self-concept and life themes of the client
D)​The client's social development and role salience

Question 24

Information processing for career decision making is conceptualized within the CIP model as a hierarchical system in what order?​

A)​From a base of a Knowledge Domain (self-knowledge and occupational knowledge) to an Executive Processing Domain to a Decision Skills Domain
B)​From an Executive Processing Domain to a Decision Skills Domain to a Knowledge Domain
C)​From a base of a Decision Skills Domain to an Executive Processing Domain to a Knowledge Domain
D)​From a base of Knowledge Domains (self-knowledge and occupational knowledge) to a Decision Skills Domain and finally to an Executive Processing Domain

Question 25

Recommendations for the effective acquisition of occupational information have been compiled by:

A)​Krumboltz.
B)​Holland.
C)​Parsons.
D)​Spokane.

Question 26

Recommendations for the multicultural counseling process include all of the following EXCEPT:​

A)​the counselor should be aware of a variety of worldviews.
B)​the counselor-client relationship should be a collaborative one, that is, a negotiating and working consensus relationship.
C)​the role of the family in the decision-making and counseling process should be emphasized.
D)the counselor does not need to fully understand his or her racial identity.

Question 27

In order to understand how clients arrive at decisions, counselors view _________ as driving forces underlying an individual's motivation toward certain activities and as a function of a fundamental sense of self.

A)​core systems
B)core goals​
C)​thought processes
D)​primary influences

Question 28

The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:

A)​the assumption that clients do not have unique traits that can be matched with requirements of occupations.
B)​anon-actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's trait characteristics.
C)​an actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics.
D)​primarily subjective information.

Question 29

Briefly describe how counselors determine appropriate learning needs of their clients and include some examples of intervention strategies.

Question 30

Describe the differences between undecided, decided, and indecisive.

Question 31

The career counseling model extrapolated from Dawis (1996), Swanson (1996) and Rounds & Tracey (1990) and delineated by Walsh (1990) is presented in seven stages, including:​

A)intake interview, identity developmental variables and assessment.
B)​confirm, explore, decide and follow up.
C)​identify and solve problems and generate PEF analysis.
D)​all of the above.

Question 32

Briefly discuss the reasons why information processing skills are emphasized in the Trait-and-Factor and Person-Environment-Fit model as well as in the Cognitive Information Processing model.

Question 33

What would NOT be used to assess abilities, interests and values?​

A)​The Values Scale
B)​The Differential Aptitude Test
C)​The Salience Inventory
D)​The Strong Interest Inventory

Question 34

Super (1990) suggested that counselors may need to use a variety of helping procedures in the career counseling process and may function as:​

A)​teachers and trainers.
B)​therapists and teachers.
C)coaches and trainers.
D)​mentors, coaches and teachers.

Question 35

Which statement is NOT true of undecided clients?​

A)​An undecided client generally lacks self-knowledge.
B)​An undecided client is generally an uninformed, immature person from a developmental point of view.
C)​An undecided client does not have the potential or competency to pursue several different types of careers.
D)​An undecided client generally lacks information about occupations.

Question 36

What are the five stages of the developmental model for career counseling?​

A)​Establish counseling goals, counseling procedures, counseling process, data integration and narrative interpretation
B)​Data integration, narrative development, career development assessment and counseling (CDAC), counseling procedures and process, and final interview
C)​Intake interview, data integration and narrative interpretation, establish counseling goals, counseling procedures and process, and career advancement
D)​Intake interview, career development assessment and counseling (CDAC), data integration and narrative interpretation, establish counseling goals, and counseling procedures and process