Deck 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients

Question 1

What is the dominant focus in the third stage of career counseling for LGBT clients?​

A)​Establishing an affirmative trusting relationship
B)​Identifying variables that may limit career choice
C)​Evaluating sexual minority awareness
D)​Client identity issues

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The number of companies and organizations supporting sexual minority associations has:​

A)​Recorded no significant changes
B)​Increased
C)​Decreased
D)​Predicted more study for determining support

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In addition to being aware of the issues surrounding the development of self-concept in career development, what else must the counselor be alert to when counseling LGBT-oriented youth?​

A)​Low risk for substance abuse
B)​Special problems brought about by sexual minority status during adolescence
C)​High achievement
D)​There are generally no additional issues

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An individual who has not fully accepted a gay identity will likely:​

A)​Limit occupational choices
B)​Have confidence in career choice
C)​Have an average level of career maturity
D)​Score above average on an aptitude test

Question 5

Briefly describe examples of discrimination sexual minorities may experience in the workplace.

Question 6

In the early 1990s which organization issued a published set of guidelines for avoiding heterosexual bias in language?​

A)​American Counseling Association
B)​American Psychological Organization
C)​LGBT Association
D)​American Psychological Association

Question 7

Which statement is NOT true?​

A)​Extensive planning is suggested for a client coming out at work
B)​It is not necessary for the client to consider how coming out will enhance the chances of advancement or detract from it
C)​A unique issue for LGBT persons involved in the job search process is the question of whether the client should reveal his or her sexual orientation
D)​Coming out at lower level jobs or nonprofessional work might be more risky, especially in highly conservative environments

Question 8

How do Gelberg and Chojnacki (1996) describe homophobia?​

A)​An irrational tolerance of LGBT persons
B)​A rational fear, hatred and intolerance of LGBT persons
C)​A rational tolerance of LGBT persons
D)​An irrational fear, hatred and intolerance of LGBT persons

Question 9

What does internalized homophobia refer to?​

A)​Early stages of awareness of sexual orientation
B)​Irrational internalization of sexual identity
C)​Vulnerability to internal conflicts
D)​How sexual minorities can be affected by societal beliefs that are often expressed by salient messages in one's environments, especially during early development

Question 10

What occurs during the third stage of HIF?​

A)​Identity confusion
B)​Identity synthesis
C)​Identity tolerance
D)​Identity pride

Question 11

In an interview with Loiacano, considered to be representative of tentative data, which themes emerged regarding gay issues among black Americans?​

A)​The white establishment
B)​Finding validation in the gay and lesbian community, finding validation in the black community and needing to integrate identities
C)​Finding validation in the black community only
D)​None of the above

Question 12

Which reason is attributed to homosexuality not being accepted in Asian cultures, according to Chung and Katayama (1999)?​

A)​Traditional gender roles and family systems in most Asian cultures are so highly honored that same-sex orientations are unacceptable
B)​The prominence of agrarian societies in Asian countries, in which farmlands are passed down from one traditional family to the next; same-sex orientation works against this long-established tradition
C)​The philosophy of harmony and complementary parts of the Chinese yin-yang
D)​All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following groups are described as highly anxious, fearful, guilty, and self-loathing in the sexual minority population?​

A)​Gay/lesbian adolescents
B)​Lesbian black females
C)​Gay older males
D)​Bisexual adults

Question 14

The primary purpose of a counselor checklist, such as the one compiled by Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2008), is to:​

A)​prepare a list of types of sexual orientation.
B)​prepare the counselor for counseling clients who have different sexual orientations.
C)​prepare the client for meeting with a counselor.
D)prepare a list of sources regarding sexual orientation.

Question 15

Discuss how a counselor may better prepare himself or herself in counseling LGBT youth.

Question 16

List and define the different types of workplace discrimination.How can counselors assist clients in dealing with discrimination?

Question 17

Compare and contrast potential cultural differences in LGBT sexual orientation for African American and Hispanic American individuals.

Question 18

An irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of sexual minorities is known as:​

A)​Sexual stereotyping
B)​Heterosexists assumption
C)​Homophobia
D)​Sexual elitism

Question 19

Briefly discuss each of the stages in the six stage model for counseling gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals.

Question 20

Describe some examples of discrimination gay/lesbian/bisexual persons might experience at work.

Question 21

To become an affirmative sexual minority counselor, one should:​

A)​Discuss HIV issues with gay clients
B)​Use familiar counseling techniques
C)​Learn about gay issues and accumulate resources
D)​Personally approve of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) lifestyles

Question 22

Relevant topics that could be modified for adolescents, from Winfeld and Spielman's HIV/AIDS education program for the workplace, include:​

A)​how HIV and AIDS are transmitted; how HIV and AIDS are not transmitted.
B)​theories of the origin of AIDS; what are HIV and AIDS.
C)​identity and career advice.
D)​both A and B.

Question 23

Regarding the unique issues and special needs of LGBT individuals, counselors need to focus on:​

A)​collective interpretations and reactions to contextual issues and life events.
B)​the narrative aspect of life events.
C)​individual interpretations and reactions to contextual issues and life events.
D)none of the above.

Question 24

Eldridge (1987), supported by Barrett and Logan (2002), suggested what strategies for counselors when dealing with LGBT clients?​

A)​Use gender-free language
B)​Become familiar with models of LGBT identity formation
C)​Identify a consultant who can provide helpful information or feedback from sexual minorities
D)​All of the above

Question 25

How do attitudes toward sexual minorities generally differ between Asian and North American cultures?​

A)​American culture is more homophobic
B)​Asian culture is more accepting of sexual minorities
C)​American culture has mixed feelings about their rights
D)​Asian culture is more homophobic

Question 26

Identify the six stages of the model of Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) and the general characteristics associated with those stages.

Question 27

According to Tafoya (1997) and Brown (1997), the berdache phenomenon is a part of a Native American's worldview of a:​

A)contemporary tradition.
B)​two-spirited tradition.
C)​LGBT tradition.
D)​tribal tradition.

Question 28

What is the first issue that generally surfaces in terms of the problems and concerns sexual minorities face in career counseling and in the workplace?​

A)​Exploring all occupations of interest
B)​Decision making
C)​Appropriateness of job
D)​Stereotyping about the kind of jobs gay men and lesbian women commonly hold

Question 29

In the career counseling process pertaining to LGBT clients, what is required during precounseling preparation?

A)​Focusing on establishing an affirmative trusting relationship
B)​None of the above
C)​The counselor needs to evaluate his or her awareness of sexual minority worldviews and cultures
D)​Focusing on client identity issues as per Cass' HIF model

Question 30

The onset of attraction to the same sex usually occurs during:

A)​Early 20s
B)​Adolescence
C)​Mid 40s
D)​Early childhood

Question 31

Which statement does not characterize sexual minority identity development?​

A)​Gradual process of discovery rather than a sudden awakening during childhood
B)​Children sensing a feeling of being different
C)​Periods of confusion might be followed by anxiety that usually takes years to resolve
D)​Progress from one stage to another is usually orderly

Question 32

The term "gender identity disorder" is emphasized by whom?​

A)​Barlow and Durand
B)​Barrett and Logan
C)​Galliano
D)​Williams, Connolly, Pepler and Craig

Question 33

Identify six stages of the Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) Model and the general characteristics associated with each stage.

Question 34

Define homophobia and explain the relationship between it and the workplace.Provide an example.

Question 35

How many stages does Cass' model of homosexual identity formation (HIF) comprise?​

A)​10
B)​5
C)​6
D)​3

Question 36

Choose the inaccurate statement from the following list.

A)​Counselors should not assume that certain clients are sexual minorities on the basis of stereotypical suggestions
B)​The counselor should convey a nonjudgmental attitude
C)​Counselors should assume that every client is heterosexually oriented
D)​Counselors must be prepared to convey full acceptance of sexual minorities

Question 37

Compare and contrast cultural differences between African Americans and Hispanic Americans in the way they view and accept sexual minority orientation.

Question 38

In the final career counseling stage of job search strategies, what should the individual have in mind?​

A)​Finding a user-friendly website
B)​Developing an attractive resume
C)​Locating a work environment that is actively LGBT affirmative
D)​Locating any job that becomes available

Question 39

When identifying variables that may limit career choice, what three negative influences are given in the case of sexual minorities?​

A)​Discrimination, economy and stereotyping
B)​Discrimination, bias and stereotyping
C)​Economy, bias and education
D)​Education, background and previous experience

Question 40

In the workplace, what is typically involved with "hidden discrimination"?​

A)​Sexual harassment
B)​Violence directed at LGBT individuals
C)​"Gay bashing"
D)Hiring, promotion and compensation

Question 41

Which of the following terms is most preferred?​

A)​Sexual choice
B)​Homosexual
C)​Sexual preference
D)​Sexual orientation

Question 42

Which term is used interchangeably with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) persons?

A)​Minority group
B)​Sexual identity
C)​Identity minority
D)​Sexual minorities

Question 43

Who depicts the Latino and Latina community as being excessively homophobic and thus having little tolerance for gay and lesbian lifestyles?​

A)​Barrett and Logan
B)​Morales
C)​Espin
D)​Slattery

Question 44

What term is used to indicate discrimination in hiring, promotion, and compensation?​

A)​Homophobic
B)​Overt
C)​Glass ceiling
D)​Hidden

Question 45

Define double minority status and triple minority status and how they differ/relate to differing cultures.

Question 46

Sexual minorities that have been passed over for promotion in organizations have experienced the:​

A)​Lavender ceiling
B)​Gay ceiling
C)​Glass ceiling
D)​Lesbian ceiling