Deck 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults

Question 1

What type of payment concept do many workplaces endorse at the present time?

A)​Adaptable pay
B)​Pay-for-credit
C)​Pay-for-flexibility
D)​Pay-for-performance

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bridge employment is a term used to describe what phenomenon?​

A)​Part-time employment in which the individual typically continues in the same work environment but with reduced responsibilities and time commitment
B)​A bridge from one employment to another
C)​Bridging the gap between people
D)​Work involved with building bridges

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Briefly discuss why life roles are significant factors in career development.

Answer 3

​Major Points
Success in one life role facilitates success in other roles.Difficulties in one life role can cause difficulties in other roles.Effective career development promotes congruence between life roles.Work/family conflict is a good example of how life roles are interrelated.There can be spillover effect from one life role to another.

Question 4

Discuss the three factors that contributed to women returning to the workforce during the 1970s.

Question 5

The primary responsibility for career development ideally belongs to the:

A)​Personnel office
B)​Manager
C)​Worker
D)​Career coaches

Question 6

What are common concrete tasks of the early career phase?

A)​Addressing pitfalls and stumbling blocks
B)​Salary, merit pay, regulations and policies
C)​Building harmonious relationships in the work environment, becoming oriented to work rules and regulations and demonstrating satisfactory performance
D)​The individual's personal reaction to advancement opportunities and acceptance of the values associated with employer goals and peer affiliates

Question 7

According to Shaffer (2002), what is the percentage of mothers working outside the home at least part time?​

A)​60 percent
B)​53 percent
C)​80 percent
D)​20 percent

Question 8

Life roles are identified by which one of the following career theorists?

A)​Super
B)​Krumboltz
C)​Roe
D)​Gottfredson

Question 9

What are career anchors?​

A)​Core values, interests and abilities that are developed during school years
B)​Core values, interests and abilities that are developed during late career and transition to retirement
C)​Core values, interests and abilities that are developed during midcareer and maintenance stage transitions
D)​Core values, interests and abilities that are developed during early career

Question 10

In late career, what is the major focus of an individual's life?​

A)​A shift from a minor role to a power role
B)​Activities inside the workplace
C)​Activities outside the workplace
D)​None of the above

Question 11

Career development and uniqueness include career maturity fostered through:

A)​developmental tasks and stages (Super).
B)the ability to make consistent generalizations and deal with abstractions through stages of cognitive development (Piaget).
C)​experiences and learning in stages of psychosocial development (Erikson).
D)​all of the above.

Question 12

What types of interventions for coping with stress are suggested by Sulsky and Smith (2005)?

A)​The use of cognitive, affective and behavioral strategies
B)​Self-reward or a positive stimulus following a desirable reaction to target behaviors
C)​Self-monitoring and self-directed procedures
D)​Meditation, exercise and relaxation techniques

Question 13

A continued adjustment process to improve one's working position and situation characterizes:

A)​Second career
B)​Mid career
C)​Early career
D)​Late career

Question 14

Who suggested that the purposes of work can be classified as economic, social and psychological?​

A)​Ulrich and Brott
B)​Hansen
C)​Herr, Cramer and Niles
D)​Super

Question 15

Self-efficacy that is experienced by workers usually results in:​

A)​Low self-esteem
B)​Poor job performance
C)​Enhanced feelings of confidence
D)​Deterioration of one's self-concept

Question 16

An aspect of the biopsychosocial framework comprises biological forces, including:​

A)​all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, personality factors that affect development.
B)​all genetic and health-related factors that affect development.
C)​interpersonal, social, cultural and ethnic factors that affect development.
D)differences in how the same event affects people of different ages.

Question 17

Bolles (2009), among others, has suggested that skills learned and developed in what forum can be used in career decision making?​

A)​Through participation in civic organizations and activities
B)​Through reading
C)​In the home
D)​None of the above

Question 18

Describe the late career process.

Question 19

The self-directed worker's key resource is predicted to be:

A)​Attitude
B)​Personality
C)​Knowledge
D)​Experience

Question 20

What has been the main impetus behind the shift of risks from employer to individuals in terms of managing employees' careers?​

A)​Market forces
B)​Compensation
C)​Advancement
D)​The nature of work

Question 21

Discuss several issues that adults in career transition may be experiencing.

Question 22

Define stress and discuss some of the specific job features that pose a threat to the worker.

Question 23

Compare the typical concerns of people about self at early, middle, and late career stages.

Question 24

Career anchors are developed during:

A)​Late career
B)​Early career
C)​College
D)​Middle career

Question 25

Currently, training for skill and knowledge development is being advanced as self-directed continual learning development, through which of the following?​

A)​In-house computer-generated instruction
B)​Coaching and mentoring
C)​Internet-based delivery of self-managed resources
D)​All of the above

Question 26

In addition to "pay-for-performance," what other buzzword is predominant in the new workforce?​

A)​Pay-for-knowledge
B)​Career development
C)​Career success
D)​Work pressure

Question 27

Compare the typical self concerns of workers during early, middle, and late career.

Question 28

What is the major course of change during the midcareer stage?​

A)​Socialization process
B)​Psychological changes
C)​Age-related changes in abilities and job performance
D)​Changes are from diversified sources, such as new and different technology, product demand, market forces and changes in the labor market

Question 29

Magnuson (1990) offered which of the following indications of job-related stress among American workers?

A)​Low self-esteem, low motivation to work, poor concentration of work tasks, poor work relationships with peers and supervisors
B)​Poor communication with others on the job site, feelings of inadequacy and resentment, depression, excessive tardiness and absenteeism
C)​Both A and B
D)​Anxiety, tension, confusion and irritability

Question 30

Research compiled in the early 1980s revealed sources of work-based stress.These include:​

A)​perception of job as uninteresting, repetitious, overloaded and demanding.
B)​unpleasant work environment, necessity to work fast, excessive and inconvenient hours.
C)inadequate income.
D)​all of the above.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is not true about early career establishment?

A)​There appears to be solid evidence that early encounters in the workplace will significantly influence the outcome of some of the most important socialization processes
B)​Super views the career establishment years, ages 25 to 44, as a critical time when an individual struggles to form a unique identity in the work world
C)​Erikson suggests that during the early career time, an individual is balancing intimacy and isolation while also attempting to maintain a unique identity in the process of developing relationships
D)​Early career experiences do not provide individuals with opportunities to establish themselves in the workplace

Question 32

When and how are career anchors formed?

Question 33

Bridge employment refers to:

A)​Early career obstacles
B)​Beginning of late career
C)​Part-time employment
D)​Mid career circumstances

Question 34

Which statement pertaining to the role leisure plays within work and leisure relationships is not accurate?

A)​Individuals are to recognize that quality of life is associated with all life roles
B)​Quality of life is attained through a more holistic approach to human and career development
C)​A quality lifestyle is one in which there is a balance between time spent at work and time devoted to leisure activities
D)​Secondary to the concerns of career counselors is the balance of life roles that gives clients the freedom for self-expression to enhance their needs

Question 35

Who advocated planning for different types of leisure as part of a counseling model and also suggested that counselors act in an advocacy role to promote leisure activities in schools, workplaces, homes and communities?​

A)​Jackson
B)​Brems
C)​McDaniels andLiptak
D)​Kando and Summers

Question 36

Briefly discuss and identify knowledge workers.

Question 37

Define early career establishment and explain how individuals implement their self-concepts into careers.

Question 38

Whose integrative life planning (ILP) model incorporates career development, life transitions, gender-role socialization and social change?

A)​Super
B)​Kail and Cavanaugh
C)​Hansen
D)​Ulrich and Brott

Question 39

​Life roles primarily are to be:

A)​Used as supplements to career development
B)​Used to enhance the worker role
C)​Isolated from the career development process
D)​Integrated into the career development process

Question 40

EPM is the abbreviation for what new innovation that is used by management to evaluate the productivity of workers online?

A)​Electric performance management
B)​Electric performance magnet
C)​Electric performance monitoring
D)​Easy performance monitoring

Question 41

The major reason that organizations use temporary workers (temps) is to:

A)​Keep up to date with new requirements
B)​Reduce costs
C)​Reduce long-term employees
D)​Use available resources

Question 42

How is the midcareer or maintenance stage characterized?​

A)​Socialization process
B)​Continual adjustment process to improving working position and situation
C)​Greater self-understanding and identification within the total system of a career field
D)​Both B and C

Question 43

Work experiences in early career may:

A)​Establish enduring influences about work and relationships
B)​Have some temporary influence about work and relationships
C)​Have enduring influences on one's family life
D)​Not influence a worker's perceptions of the work role

Question 44

Define bridge employment and discuss how it deals with older workers.

Question 45

In what way are career anchors developed?

A)​Managerial competence - one's desire to assume responsibilities of leading others
B)​Service-dedication - a predisposition to help and assist others
C)​Career choices
D)​Both A and B