Deck 6: Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

Question 1

If a change in allele frequency at one locus does not result in the change in allele frequency at a second locus,these loci probably

A)support Mendel's law of segregation.
B)are unlinked.
C)support Darwin's view of heredity.
D)are dominant.
E)None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

You discover a new type of cell in a soil sample collected nearby.Upon microscopic examination,you observe that it possesses a single circular chromosome.From this,you conclude that it is probably a(n)

A)animal cell.
B)plant cell.
C)eukaryotic cell.
D)A and C
E)None of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between RNA and DNA is true?

A)Only RNA uses guanine.
B)Only RNA uses cytosine.
C)Only RNA uses adenine.
D)Only RNA uses uracil.
E)Only RNA uses thymine.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

DNA molecules can be very long.To better pack them into cells,DNA is often

A)reduced to a single strand.
B)coiled around proteins.
C)broken into smaller molecules.
D)equally divided between neighboring cells.
E)None of the above

Question 5

RNA that directs protein synthesis is called

A)ribosomal RNA.
B)microRNA.
C)messenger RNA.
D)transfer RNA.
E)translation RNA.

Question 6

The observation that hybrid offspring of true breeding purple and white flowered plants are purple in color can be explained by the

A)dominance of the purple color.
B)blending of parental characters.
C)law of independent segregation.
D)dominance of the white color.
E)A and D

Question 7

RNA was likely replaced by DNA as the genetic molecule in most organisms because

A)RNA is less stable than DNA.
B)RNA has a higher chemical stability.
C)RNA errors are more easily corrected than DNA errors.
D)A and C
E)All of the above

Question 8

Stretches of a gene that code for protein products are known as

A)mRNA.
B)introns.
C)exons.
D)codons.
E)None of the above

Question 9

Which position in a codon is most likely to contribute to the degeneracy of the genetic code?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Any position
E)No position

Question 10

Use the figure below to determine which of the following amino acid sequences would be generated from the RNA sequence: CGA GGC UUA ACG.

A)arginine; glycine; leucine; threonine
B)arginine; glycine; phenylalanine; threonine
C)proline; glycine; leucine; threonine
D)proline; glycine; leucine; serine
E)None of the above

Question 11

The hypothesis that eukaryotic organelles are derived from once free living prokaryotes is known as the

A)prokaryote origins hypothesis.
B)organelle hypothesis.
C)hybrid hypothesis.
D)endosymbiosis hypothesis.
E)early life hypothesis.

Question 12

Proteins consist of long strings of

A)deoxyribonucleic acid.
B)ribonucleic acid.
C)mRNA.
D)codons.
E)amino acids.

Question 13

DNA

A)is a polymer composed primarily of repeating five carbon sugars.
B)contains four types of nitrogenous bases.
C)consists of two strands connected by hydrogen bonds.
D)A and C
E)All of the above

Question 14

For the DNA sequence 5'-ACG TTA -3',what would be the complementary RNA sequence?

A)5'-TGC AAT-3'
B)5'-UGC AAU-3'
C)5'-TAA CGT-3'
D)5'-UAA CGU-3'
E)5'-ATT GCA-3'

Question 15

DNA is tightly wound in a double helix for much of the time.Which of the following enzymes unwinds the double helix and begins transcription of RNA?

A)RNA polymerase
B)DNA polymerase
C)Transcriptase
D)RNA isomerase
E)Complementary isomerase

Question 16

By what process does the cell construct proteins from RNA sequences?

A)Transcription
B)Hydrogen bonds
C)Splicing
D)Translation
E)Crossing-over

Question 17

The law of independent assortment states that

A)characters are blended in hybrid offspring.
B)purple flowered plants will never produce white flowered offspring.
C)the allele passed down to the next generation at one locus is independent of the allele passed down at a second locus.
D)alleles from two separate loci, once combined in a hybrid, cannot be separated in future reproductive events.
E)all individuals have more than two copies of every gene.

Question 18

Mendel's law of segregation states that

A)each diploid individual has two copies of every gene.
B)only one copy of each gene is found in a gamete.
C)traits from each parent are permanently blended in offspring.
D)A and B
E)None of the above

Question 19

How many copies of each chromosome will a tetraploid organism have?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)10

Question 20

If the wrong protein is produced,it may

A)affect DNA expression.
B)alter cellular structure.
C)influence development.
D)A and B
E)All of the above

Question 21

Before pre-mRNA is converted to mRNA,a process known as _________ occurs.

Question 22

List the five functions of proteins.

Question 23

Which of the following diagrams illustrates an inversion?

A)A
C)C
B)B
D)D

Question 24

How many different amino acids can be used in the construction of proteins?

Question 25

Many trans-acting regulatory elements reside on a separate chromosome from the genes that they regulate.In such cases,the regulatory element is _________,relative to the gene.

A)unlinked
B)linked
C)dominant
D)recessive
E)codominant

Question 26

_________ are DNA triplets that specify a protein's amino acid sequence.

Question 27

In a _________ mutation,part of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome.

A)deletion
B)inversion
C)translocation
D)fission
E)fusion

Question 28

Crossing-over requires

A)the physical exchange of parts of homologous chromosomes.
B)independent assortment.
C)the fusion of gametes to restore the diploid number of chromosomes.
D)A and B
E)None of the above

Question 29

How many cross-over events are depicted in the following figure?

A)Zero
B)One
C)Two
D)Four
E)Five

Question 30

Which of the mutations in the figure below depicts a nonsense mutation?

A)Mutation A
C)Mutation C
B)Mutation B
D)A nonsense mutation is not pictured

Question 31

All of the offspring from a cross between an RR plant and an rr plant will be

A)dominants.
B)recessives.
C)homozygotes.
D)heterozygotes.
E)None of the above

Question 32

In a tetraploid animal,how many copies of each homologous chromosome will be found in its gametes following meiosis?

Question 33

The double strands of DNA separate from each other at high temperatures.Why do G-C rich strands of DNA require a relatively higher temperature to separate?

Question 34

Identify the three most common parts of a protein-coding eukaryotic gene.

Question 35

Regulatory elements

A)are always found close to the gene they regulate.
B)control the rate of mRNA production.
C)are only found in animals.
D)can be found using a Punnett square.
E)have no effect on the phenotype.

Question 36

What protein is used to organize DNA within a chromosome?

Question 37

Because RNA is a _________,it is more likely than DNA to get damaged during chemical reactions.

Question 38

If an RR flower is red,an Rr flower is pink,and an rr flower is white,what percentage of the offspring from a cross between an RR individual and an Rr individual will be red?

A)0
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)100

Question 39

A plant inherits a regulatory element that increases the production of red pigment in its flowers.This type of regulatory element is known as an _________.

Question 40

A researcher follows the mutation rates in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in five different tissue types across 300 generations.One would expect mutation rates across the different tissue types to be

A)equal.
B)approximately equal.
C)different.
D)deleterious.
E)None of the above

Question 41

After following populations of E.coli for 1150 generations,Sandra Trindale and her colleagues noted that most mutations are _________.

Question 42

Mutations occur _________ with respect to fitness.

Question 43

When comparing the DNA sequences from two individuals,you notice that an adenine at position 513 in one species is a cytosine in the other species.This is an example of _________.