Deck 14: Stress,Coping,and Health

Question 1

The person who is MOST likely to experience frustration is one who

A) can predict the outcome of an event
B) is a perfectionist
C) sets goals that are too low
D) must decide between two equally attractive alternatives

Answer 1

is a perfectionist

Question 2

Miranda started a small craft business in her home three years ago.Last year she finally moved her business into a small store along her town's main street.Last Saturday,most of her store's stock was destroyed as firefighters fought a fire that had started in the vacant office next to her store.As Miranda walks through her ruined store,she is most likely to experience a sense of

A) burnout
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) conflict

Answer 2

frustration

Question 3

What area of psychology is concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation,prevention,and treatment of illness?

A) health psychology
B) psychoimmunology
C) industrial psychology
D) positive psychology

Answer 3

health psychology

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of stress? Stress includes circumstances that

A) tax one's coping abilities
B) are traumatic
C) threaten one's well-being
D) are perceived to threaten one's well-being

Question 5

Threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint are known as ____ stressors; while ____ stressors are threatening events that have a long duration and no apparent time limit

A) minor; chronic
B) acute; chronic
C) chronic; minor
D) acute; minor

Question 6

Events that are stressful for one person may not be stressful for another; this may be the result of the fact that

A) anxious people are less likely to perceive events as stressful.
B) neurotic people are more likely to "choke" under pressure.
C) stressed people are less likely to use defensive coping strategies.
D) how individuals appraise a situation determines whether they are likely to perceive events as stressful.

Question 7

What does the research have to say about the general effect of everyday problems and the minor nuisances of life?

A) Minor stresses produce minor effects.
B) Minor stresses have negative effects only when coupled with major stresses.
C) Minor stresses may have significant harmful effects on both physical and mental health.
D) Minor stresses often have significant harmful effects on mental health, but don't affect physical health.

Question 8

Imagine you studied for this psychology exam with two of your classmates.If one classmate,Becky,was very nervous and "stressed-out" about the exam,and the other classmate,Craig,thought the exam "wasn't a big deal," their differing attitudes are most consistent with the finding that

A) some people use constructive coping techniques to reduce stress
B) people's appraisal of stressful events are highly objective
C) people's appraisals of stressful events are highly subjective
D) males experience many events as less stressful than females

Question 9

Most of Conrad's friends consider him to be highly neurotic.It is likely that,compared to his friends,Conrad is

A) less likely to perceive events as stressful.
B) more likely to "choke" under pressure.
C) less likely to use defensive coping strategies.
D) more likely to perceive events as stressful.

Question 10

Waiting in line,car trouble,shopping for holiday gifts at the end of the year,balancing your checkbook are considered examples of

A) a major stressor
B) chronic stress
C) acute stress
D) conflict

Question 11

Mason is already late for an important appointment when he realizes he is almost out of gas.He stops to fill up,and the clerk has trouble getting approval on his credit card.When he finally pulls out of the service station,the traffic is crawling because of an accident.Inconveniences of this type

A) can often have a significant effect on physical and mental health.
B) are such routine hassles that they are not perceived as stressful.
C) usually create avoidance-avoidance conflicts.
D) are only stressful to individuals with a Type A personality.

Question 12

The stress that a person actually experiences in different situations is critically influenced by the

A) number of life change units the event involves
B) person's physical health when the stressor is present
C) overall magnitude of the stressful event
D) appraisals that the person makes

Question 13

Being prevented from reaching a goal will cause most individuals to experience

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) vacillation

Question 14

Lazarus and Folkman distinguished between _________ appraisal when you determine whether an event is stressful,and _________ apprasial where you evaluate your coping resources.

A) primary, tertiary
B) trauma, reaction
C) primary, secondary
D) secondary, primary

Question 15

According to Lazarus and Folkman,we evaluate our coping resources during

A) repression.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) reaction formation.
D) defensive coping.

Question 16

Circumstances that threaten,or are perceived to threaten,one's well-being and tax one's coping abilities defines

A) frustration
B) stress
C) pressure
D) conflict

Question 17

Steve was excited when he finally landed the lead role in one of the community theater productions.He has been rehearsing his part for the past two months,but on the day that the play is scheduled to open,Steve awakens with a bad case of laryngitis and he is unable to perform in the play.At this point,Steve is MOST likely experiencing

A) pressure
B) conflict
C) burnout
D) frustration

Question 18

Anthony just received a pop quiz from his instructor but he decides that he doesn't care how he performs on the quiz because his score is irrelevant to his grade.This evaluation is part of Anthony's _________ appraisal of the situation.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) reactionary
D) response modification

Question 19

Minor stresses may be more strongly related to mental health than major stressful events largely because

A) of the cumulative nature of stress.
B) minor stresses lead to more intense physiological arousal than major stresses.
C) we are much more intimately involved with minor stresses.
D) we feel more out of control with minor stresses than we do with major stresses.

Question 20

Virginia has wanted to be a physician for as long as she can remember,but she has been unable to gain entry to medical school Virginia is probably experiencing

A) burnout
B) learned helplessness
C) regression
D) frustration

Question 21

When a choice must be made between two attractive goals we are experiencing

A) a risk-aversion conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-approach conflict

Question 22

The pursuit of a goal that has both attractive and unattractive features defines

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) a double-blind conflict
C) an approach-approach conflict
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 23

Leonard has a job with a small company where he gets along well with everyone,and he has 15 years of seniority.Recently a competitor called to offer him a job that would pay more money,but where he would be starting over,with no seniority.As Leonard tries to decide whether to accept the new job because it offers more money,or turn the job offer down because it would mean giving up his seniority,he is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 24

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals we are said to be experiencing

A) a risk-aversion conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-approach conflict

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves frustration?

A) you want to go to the big game tomorrow, but the game is sold out
B) you can't decide which movie to rent for tonight
C) your parents expect you to get at least a 3.00 GPA this semester
D) you just moved into a different apartment

Question 26

A change in your marital status,a job change,moving,having a baby,getting promoted are all examples of ____.

A) chronic stressors
B) acute stressors
C) life changes
D) conflicts

Question 27

Next semester John needs to take one required course to complete his history major.The two sections of the course are offered at 8:00 a.m.(not ideal for John who likes to sleep until 10:00 a.m.)and at noon with a Professor usually referred to as Dr.Dull.As John decides on his schedule,he will MOST likely experience an ____ conflict.

A)avoidance-avoidance
B)approach-avoidance
C)attack-avoidance
D)approach-approach

Question 28

Melissa has an old car that is desperately in need of expensive repairs.She is trying to decide whether to spend the $1500 she has in her savings account to repair her old clunker,or use her savings to buy the used car that her neighbor has for sale.As Melissa considers which of these two options she will select,she is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 29

When a person's pursuit of a goal is blocked or thwarted,the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 30

Geena has made it to the final round in a game show.She must now choose between accepting the cash that she has earned to date,or risking the cash on the chance to win a new car.As Geena tries to decide between the two available alternatives,she is facing

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) a frustration-pressure conflict
D) an approach-approach conflict

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the principle types of stress?

A) change
B) anxiety
C) frustration
D) pressure

Question 32

A person who loves to eat but at the same time fears becoming overweight is MOST likely experiencing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) an approach-avoidance conflict
D) the fight-or-flight response

Question 33

Which type of conflict tends to be most unpleasant and highly stressful?

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance
D) attack-avoidance

Question 34

Scott is taking a course in American History,and his professor has given all the students in the class a choice between completing an in-class final exam that will count for 60% of their final grade,or writing a 25-page term paper that will count for 60% of their final grade.As Scott considers which of these two options he will choose,he is facing

A) a frustration-pressure conflict
B) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) an approach-approach conflict
D) an approach-avoidance conflict

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves conflict?

A) you can't decide whether to go to Florida or Mexico for spring break
B) you're stuck behind a slow-moving car on a one lane road
C) you have a term paper due the day after tomorrow and you haven't started it yet
D) you just took out a large car loan

Question 36

What occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression?

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) vacillation

Question 37

Behavioral vacillation would be most apt to go with which type of conflict?

A) approach-avoidance
B) approach-approach
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) frustration

Question 38

In general,the least stressful conflict is the

A) avoidance-avoidance conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 39

If you cannot decide whether to submit to back surgery,which you dread,to alleviate your back pain or to continue to live with the pain,which you sometimes find unbearable,you are caught in

A) an approach-avoidance conflict
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) a double approach-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 40

Megan is looking at the ballot form for a citywide referendum and trying to decide whether or not to support the proposed change.If the referendum passes there will be better services available for all the city residents,but it will also mean that residents will pay increased property taxes.As Megan tries to decide whether to support the proposed referendum,she is facing

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) a frustration-pressure conflict

Question 41

Current research on change and stress suggests that

A) change is not inherently or inevitably stressful
B) both positive and negative changes are equally stressful
C) too much change of whatever sort automatically makes one more vulnerable to physical and psychological problems
D) keeping change to a minimum is an effective way to avoid the harmful effects of stress

Question 42

Holmes and Rahe reasoned that major sources of stress for people come from

A) failures
B) life events involving loss
C) changes in one's life that require readjustment
D) only those life changes the person sees as negative

Question 43

Dr.Gouin believes that getting a promotion at work or getting married is just as stressful as losing a job or getting a divorce.Dr.Gouin's beliefs are most like those of

A) Scheier and Carver
B) Miller and DiMatteo
C) Friedman and Rosenman
D) Holmes and Rahe

Question 44

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)is best described as including both

A) positive and negative events
B) large and small events
C) personal and environmental events
D) positive and negative and large and small events

Question 45

Winona has a 10-page term paper due first thing in the morning,and she still has over half the paper left to write.At the same time her boyfriend is insisting that she come to the concert that evening where he will be performing his first violin solo.She knows that she needs to work on the paper,but she also knows her boyfriend will be disappointed if she doesn't attend the concert.Winona is MOST likely feeling

A) pressure
B) frustration
C) vacillation
D) burnout

Question 46

When expectations or demands that a person behave in a certain way occur,the person experiences

A) change
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) conflict

Question 47

Stress responses affect the individual

A) emotionally
B) physiologically
C) behaviorally
D) emotionally, physiologically and behaviorally

Question 48

Current research suggests it is most accurate to view the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)as assessing

A) changes that relate to pressure and conflict
B) changes that relate to major life events
C) changes that relate to a wide variety of stressful experiences
D) changes of all varieties

Question 49

People with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale have been found to

A) react more negatively to stressful events
B) be more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems
C) have a more external locus of control
D) cope more effectively with stress

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that involves pressure?

A) you just transferred to a different college
B) you are stuck in a traffic jam on your way to work
C) you are meeting your significant other's parents tomorrow and your friend wants you to make a good impression
D) you can't decide whether to study for your psychology exam or work on your history paper

Question 51

Rosemary recently married her high school sweetheart and they moved into a wonderful new condominium.A week after the move,Rosemary was offered a job that she had been hoping she would get.At this point in time,Rosemary can't imagine being any happier.According to Holmes and Rahe,Rosemary is likely to be experiencing

A) little or no stress
B) an approach-approach conflict
C) a high level of stress
D) overcompensation

Question 52

The Flashback football team had been down by 35 points at half-time,but they had made a big comeback in the second half.With less than 15 seconds remaining on the clock,they made a touchdown that narrowed the other team's lead to a single point.Their quarterback has decided to try for a two-point conversion in an attempt to win the game by a single point in the dying seconds.As the team lines up for the final play of the game,both the quarterback and the intended receiver are likely to be experiencing

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) burnout
D) pressure

Question 53

Demands or expectations to behave in a certain way define the notion of

A) stress
B) conflict
C) frustration
D) pressure

Question 54

Recent studies have revealed an association between work-related pressure and __________.

A) migraine headaches
B) interpersonal conflict
C) heart disease
D) secondary appraisal

Question 55

A recent study using photos of professional baseball players appeared to indicate that people who experience positive emotions _____________ than those who experience fewer positive emotions.

A) are more productive at work
B) live longer
C) are more athletic
D) are more likely to be excellent baseball players

Question 56

Which of the following statements concerning positive emotions and stress is the LEAST accurate?

A) Positive emotions experienced while under stress have important adaptive significance
B) Experiencing positive emotions while under stress is rare, and it is associated with denial in most individuals
C) The presence of positive emotions can promote creativity and flexibility in problem solving
D) The presence of positive emotions may reduce vulnerability to heart disease

Question 57

James has an important job interview tomorrow morning and he obviously wants to do a good job of selling himself to the interviewer.James is MOST likely experiencing

A) pressure
B) frustration
C) conflict
D) change

Question 58

Research has shown that the emotional responses to stress

A) may involve either positive or negative emotions
B) always involve negative emotions
C) typically alternate between positive and negative emotions
D) are more intense in women than in men

Question 59

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale was designed specifically to measure

A) change
B) conflict
C) control
D) aggression

Question 60

Researchers have uncovered strong links between cognitive reactions or ____ and specific emotions.

A) the magnitude of the event
B) the appraisal of the event
C) the frequency of occurrence of the event
D) the number of other people who are present

Question 61

An organism first recognizes the existence of a threat and physiological arousal occurs during the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) fight-or-flight
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) alarm reaction

Question 62

All of the following accurately reflect Selye's description of physiological responses to stress EXCEPT

A) if a stress is prolonged, the individual becomes accustomed to the threat
B) resistance represents a failure to cope with the stressor
C) continuing exposure to a stress may result in the individual exhibiting increased susceptibility to diseases of adaptation
D) initially stress causes an activation of the fight-or-flight response

Question 63

The relationship between level of arousal and performance is described by the

A) inverted-U hypothesis
B) standard-U hypothesis
C) normal curve hypothesis
D) resistance-exhaustion hypothesis

Question 64

The name Hans Selye gave to the body's response to stress is

A) the fight-or-flight response
B) the general adaptation syndrome
C) catharsis
D) defensive coping

Question 65

During the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome,arousal decreases and the body's resources may be depleted.

A) resistance
B) recovery
C) exhaustion
D) alarm reaction

Question 66

Which of the following is not a component of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions? Positive emotions

A) increase creativity and flexibility in problem solving
B) enhance the effectiveness of defense mechanisms
C) can undo the effects of negative emotions
D) promote rewarding social interactions

Question 67

Cannon's fight-or-flight reaction is mediated by the

A) skeletal nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system

Question 68

The general adaptation syndrome describes one's

A) emotional responses to stress
B) behavioral responses to stress
C) physiological responses to stress
D) emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses to stress

Question 69

Mildred has to drive across town to help a friend who is experiencing a crisis.It is a time of day when traffic is light,and therefore this should be a fairly simple task.Research into the link between arousal level and task performance suggests that under these circumstances

A) a fairly low level of arousal should be optimal for this task
B) Mildred's level of arousal will increase as she gets closer to her friend's house
C) a fairly high level of arousal should be optimal for this task
D) a moderate level of arousal should be optimal for this task

Question 70

As a task becomes more complex,the optimal level of arousal to perform the task best

A) increases
B) stays the same
C) first decreases and then increases
D) decreases

Question 71

As an individual experiences prolonged stress and begins to use coping efforts,physiological arousal stabilizes at a level higher than normal.This occurs during the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) resistance
B) recovery
C) exhaustion
D) alarm reaction

Question 72

The optimal level of arousal for task performance

A) is about the same from one task to another
B) increases as the tasks become more complex
C) decreases as the tasks become more complex
D) relates more to personal makeup than to the task

Question 73

The notion that positive emotions alter people's mindsets,increasing their creativity and flexibility in problem solving is part of the

A) flexible creativity theory of positive emotions
B) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions
C) ebb and flow theory of positive emotions
D) optimal arousal theory of positive emotions

Question 74

Recent research suggests that ____ emotions experienced while under stress appear to play a key role in helping people bounce back from the difficulties associated with stress.

A) very intense
B) negative
C) positive
D) unexpected

Question 75

The correct order for the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is

A) primary, secondary, tertiary
B) recognition, reaction, evaluation
C) alarm, adaptation, recovery
D) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 76

Leigh works as a tax accountant and has to complete complex worksheets for each of her clients.Adriana works in a factory where she performs a fairly simple visual inspection of the finished product.Assuming both Leigh and Adriana experienced a high level of arousal after hearing some distressing news,you should expect that

A) Leigh's performance will be impaired more than Adriana's performance
B) Adriana's performance will be impaired more than Leigh's performance
C) both Leigh and Adriana will show significant impairment in the performance of their respective jobs
D) neither Leigh nor Adriana will show any impairment in the performance of their respective jobs

Question 77

The fight-or-flight response causes

A) a reduction in breathing and heart rate and an acceleration in digestive processes
B) an acceleration in breathing, heart rate, and digestive processes
C) a reduction in breathing, heart rate, and digestive processes
D) an acceleration in breathing and heart rate and a reduction in digestive processes

Question 78

With three finals and two papers on her schedule at the beginning of finals' week,Kim was very aware of feeling her body "all keyed-up" as she worried how she could possibly do everything she needed to do.By the middle of the week,Kim felt calmer and was dealing fairly well with budgeting her time and was completing tasks in a timely fashion.During the middle of finals week,Kim was MOST likely in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) resistance
B) recovery
C) exhaustion
D) alarm reaction

Question 79

The physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for action was first identified by

A) Walter Cannon
B) Hans Selye
C) Shelly Taylor
D) Richard Lazarus

Question 80

The physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for action is called

A) catharsis
B) primary appraisal
C) the fight-or-flight response
D) resistance