Deck 16: Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Question 1

You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation.Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?

A) Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
B) Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
C) Angiosperms have alternation of generations.
D) Angiosperms have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller.
E) Angiosperms can produce spores, which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Angiosperms get help in dispersing new diploid individuals from animals which eat or otherwise transport their fruit and seeds.

Question 2

Evidence that green algae are the closest relatives to plants is that they both

A) have chloroplasts.
B) contain chlorophyll a.
C) have cellulose-rich cell walls.
D) use starch as a nutrient reserve.
E) All answers are correct.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Eukaryotic green algae share many features which highlight their close relationship with the land plants.

Question 3

Ferns have advantage over bryophytes in that ferns

A) photosynthesize.
B) are heterotrophs.
C) have a vascular system, which allow them to grow taller.
D) do not require water to reproduce.
E) have alternation of generations.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Ferns have a vascular system for greater support and greater movement of water and solutes than do bryophytes.

Question 4

The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the

A) stomata.
B) roots.
C) flowers.
D) pollen.
E) cuticle.

Question 5

What evolved in terrestrial plants to allow the exchange of gases with air?

A) pollen
B) stomata
C) vascular tissues
D) cuticle
E) lignin

Question 6

You are asked to place descriptive labels on a plant model which all students in an introductory laboratory will examine.________ would receive a label saying "transports sugars around the plant."

A) Stomata
B) Roots
C) Phloem
D) Xylem
E) Cuticle

Question 7

In plants,

A) the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
B) the haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
C) the haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte.
D) the diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte.
E) the haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis.

Question 8

Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ________ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.

A) spores
B) seeds, spores, and fronds
C) vascular tissue, spores, and fronds
D) pollen grains and seeds
E) fruit and flowers

Question 9

In alternation of generations,a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ________ spores.

A) diploid
B) tetraploid
C) haploid
D) uniploid
E) No spores are formed. (This occurs in mitosis, not meiosis.)

Question 10

Based on the fossil record,all major groups of angiosperms evolved quickly during the age of the dinosaurs.What might explain the rapid rise and success of the flowering plants?

A) use of the wind to disperse pollen and seeds
B) use of flowers and fruits to protect and disperse both pollen and seeds
C) use of the wind to disperse spores
D) use of water to disperse pollen and seeds
E) All answers are correct.

Question 11

The ________ provide(s)a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant.

A) stomata
B) roots
C) xylem
D) phloem
E) cuticle

Question 12

The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are

A) lignin and xylem.
B) xylem and phloem.
C) lignin and phloem.
D) xylem and stomata.
E) stomata and lignin.

Question 13

The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the

A) roots.
B) stomata.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) cuticle.

Question 14

What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis?

A) mitochondrion
B) chloroplast
C) central vacuole
D) cell membrane
E) Golgi body

Question 15

What evolved in terrestrial plants to provide support and transport for water and minerals?

A) stomata
B) pollen
C) vascular tissues
D) cuticle
E) lignin

Question 16

What reproductive adaptation did plants evolve on dry land?

A) stomata
B) vascular tissues
C) cuticle
D) pollen
E) lignin

Question 17

Plants are

A) multicellular organisms.
B) autotrophs.
C) eukaryotes.
D) capable of photosynthesis.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 18

Gymnosperms have an advantage over ferns in that gymnosperms

A) produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
B) have alternation of generations.
C) have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller.
D) can grow larger gametophytes.
E) can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.

Question 19

The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the

A) xylem.
B) stomata.
C) roots.
D) phloem.
E) cuticle.

Question 20

In flowering plants,the gametophyte is ________ the sporophyte.

A) larger than
B) the same size as
C) located on a separate plant from
D) much smaller than
E) absent and the entire plant is composed of

Question 21

How have plants transformed the world?

A) They are a food source for many animals, fungi, and even some prokaryotes and protists.
B) They are a habitat for breeding, rearing young, and escaping predators.
C) Photosynthesis provides oxygen for aerobic respiration to make ATP.
D) Fibers are used for clothing and paper.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 22

A cotyledon is

A) the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.
B) a spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants.
C) the fruit produced by flowers of angiosperms.
D) a fragment of tissue used for reproduction in bryophytes.
E) the zygote formed in ferns from the union of two gametes.

Question 23

All land plants have a cuticle.

Question 24

In alternation of generations,a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ________ gamete.

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) tetraploid
D) uniploid
E) No gametes are formed. (This occurs in meiosis, not mitosis.)

Question 25

What is the advantage of a gymnosperm producing a seed over a fern producing a spore?

A) Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
B) Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
C) Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
D) Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
E) Producing seeds over spores is a disadvantage.

Question 26

Horsetails and club mosses are seedless vascular plants like ferns. 

Question 27

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are

A) monocotyledons, dicotyledons, conifers, and cycads.
B) horsetails, true ferns, whisk ferns, and club mosses.
C) conifers, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and cycads.
D) mosses, liverworts, club mosses, and hornworts.
E) conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.

Question 28

Which is not a member of the gymnosperms?

A) conifers
B) ferns
C) gnetophytes
D) cycads
E) ginkgos

Question 29

Flowers and fruits are unique to

A) angiosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) gymnosperms.
D) conifers.
E) cycads.

Question 30

In plants that have two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization,the zygote is

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) tetraploid.
D) either haploid or tetraploid.
E) uniploid.

Question 31

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

A) autotrophs
B) primary consumers
C) detritivores
D) decomposers
E) heterotrophs

Question 32

The term "gymnosperm" means

A) "clothed ovule."
B) "naked seed."
C) "naked ovule."
D) "clothed seed."
E) "clothed sperm."

Question 33

The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the

A) endosperm.
B) fruit.
C) seed coat.
D) spore coat.
E) pollen grain.

Question 34

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems," what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

A) Most plants and animals evolved in Siberia.
B) It is easier to take solid core samples.
C) The enzymes that make DNA are still active in the cells.
D) The freezing temperatures preserve the DNA.
E) Areas with permafrost are older than other parts of the world, allowing scientists to collect samples back 1.5 to 2 million years.

Question 35

Cycads are

A) trees that produce flowers.
B) bryophytes.
C) trees that produce large cones.
D) algae.
E) ferns.

Question 36

Gymnosperms are less successful than ferns because ferns make seeds.

Question 37

The two groups of angiosperms are

A) mosses and club mosses.
B) ginkgos and cycads.
C) monocots and eudicots.
D) horsetails and ferns.
E) conifers and gnetophytes.

Question 38

All angiosperms have their pollen and seeds moved by animals.

Question 39

The fruits of plants function in

A) providing food for animals.
B) seed protection.
C) both protecting and dispersing seeds.
D) seed dispersal.
E) both feeding animals and protecting seeds.

Question 40

Hornworts are bryophytes.

Question 41

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds,flowers,and fruit?

A) liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
B) ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns
C) ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes
D) monocots and eudicots
E) All plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds, flowers, and fruit.

Question 42

Which group of plants lack true leaves and roots?

A) liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
B) ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns
C) ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes
D) monocots and eudicots
E) All plants lack true leaves and roots.

Question 43

The purpose of fruit is to provide nourishment for the growing plant after the seed germinates.

Question 44

Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot

A) sexually reproduce.
B) grow tall.
C) asexually reproduce.
D) produce a gametophyte stage.
E) produce a sporophyte stage.

Question 45

What is the purpose of flowers?

A) to attract pollinators
B) to support gamete production
C) to capture windblown pollen
D) to protect reproductive structures
E) All answers are correct.

Question 46

The main function of phloem is to transport nutrients produced in photosynthesis to the roots and other nongreen parts of the plant.

Question 47

Seedless vascular plants can ________ without water,but cannot ________ without water.

A) reproduce asexually; reproduce sexually
B) reproduce sexually; reproduce asexually
C) grow; reproduce
D) utilize phloem; utilize xylem
E) utilize xylem; utilize phloem

Question 48

The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ________ in angiosperms.

A) flowers
B) seeds
C) leaves
D) fruit
E) roots

Question 49

What is NOT an ecological role of plants?

A) occupy top level of food webs
B) habitat for microscopic and macroscopic organisms
C) fuel source directly as nutrition and indirectly as wood and coal
D) prevent erosion of landscape by rooting into soil and other substrates
E) provide oxygen that forms the ozone layer

Question 50

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem,seeds,flowers,and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?

A) liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
B) ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns
C) ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes
D) monocots and eudicots
E) This is true of all groups of plants.