Deck 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Question 1

Which of the following enabled Homo sapiens to develop complex cultures unlike other members of the Homo genus?

A) the ability to walk upright
B) the development of agriculture
C) the ability to migrate out of Africa
D) changes in skin color
E) the ability to use stone tools

Answer 1

B
Explanation:

Question 2

A skeleton has a foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull; this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a

A) chimpanzee.
B) human.
C) lesser ape.
D) gorilla.
E) All answers are correct.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The position of the foramen magnum in the human skull points to our bipedalism.

Question 3

How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatán peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?

A) by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis
B) by using up all of the oxygen in the atmosphere
C) most of the animals in the world were in the tropics of Central America
D) by causing massive floods
E) by heating up the planet

Answer 3

A
Explanation: A large amount of dust was placed in the atmosphere by the impact of the asteroid which ended the Mesozoic.

Question 4

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract and organs derived from the digestive tract is the

A) pachyderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) endoderm.
E) protoderm.

Question 5

Hominids include

A) humans.
B) orangutans.
C) chimpanzees.
D) gorillas.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 6

Swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is

A) bipedalism.
B) brachiation.
C) "knuckle walking."
D) quadrupedalism.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 7

A vertebrate is an animal that

A) has a complete digestive tract.
B) does not have a backbone.
C) has a backbone.
D) has an incomplete digestive tract.
E) does not have true tissues.

Question 8

The Mesozoic era lasted from

A) 65 million years ago to 2 million years ago.
B) 500 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
C) 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago.
D) 540 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
E) one billion years ago to 500 million years ago.

Question 9

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to the

A) mass extinction of dinosaurs.
B) origination of most major phyla of animals.
C) development of the first true cell.
D) origination of life.
E) creation of Earth.

Question 10

A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of 

A) a chimpanzee.
B) a gorilla.
C) a chimpanzee or a gorilla.
D) human.

Question 11

If asked to point in a photograph to the part of a fruit fly embryo that develops into the muscles and reproductive system,you would point to the

A) pachyderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) endoderm.
E) protoderm.

Question 12

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the

A) pachyderm.
B) endoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) protoderm.
E) ectoderm.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?

A) They are single-celled eukaryotes.
B) They are multicellular prokaryotes.
C) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
D) They are single-celled prokaryotes.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is found in a group other than animals?

A) They have cell walls.
B) They have a developmental stage called a blastula.
C) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
D) They are heterotrophs.
E) They secrete and bind to an extracellular matrix.

Question 15

An invertebrate is an animal that

A) does not have a backbone.
B) has a backbone.
C) has a complete digestive tract.
D) has an incomplete digestive tract.
E) does not have true tissues.

Question 16

The closest living relatives to humans on the evolutionary tree are

A) gibbons.
B) gorillas.
C) orangutans.
D) homo erectus.
E) chimpanzees.

Question 17

Characteristics shared by primates include

A) flat nails instead of claws.
B) grasping hands with opposable thumbs.
C) binocular vision and excellent depth perception.
D) large brain size in comparison to body size.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 18

Scientists use DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet.After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland,any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population.Therefore,DNA samples taken from ________ would have the most unique mutations,representing the most recent population to migrate to a new area.

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Australia
D) Europe
E) the Americas

Question 19

If you were looking at a model of a sphere of animal cells with a hollow,fluid-filled center,you would identify it as a

A) gastrovascular cavity.
B) blastula.
C) coelom.
D) gastrula.
E) hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 20

When examining a picture of a jellyfish,you notice that if a mirror is placed in any orientation so that one end of the mirror touches the top of the jellyfish and the other end touches the mouth,the mirror shows the other half of the jellyfish.Therefore,you conclude that the jellyfish has 

A) longitudinal symmetry.
B) mirrored symmetry.
C) bilateral symmetry.
D) radial symmetry.
E) asymmetry.

Question 21

Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.
B) Arthropoda.
C) Echinodermata.
D) Nematoda.
E) Mollusca.

Question 22

Snails and squids belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.
B) Porifera.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Mollusca.
E) Annelida.

Question 23

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.
B) Cnidaria.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Nematoda.
E) Annelida.

Question 24

When examining a picture of a butterfly,you notice that there is one position in which a mirror,running from one end of the butterfly to the other,completes the image as a whole butterfly.You conclude that the butterfly has 

A) radial symmetry.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) longitudinal symmetry.
D) mirrored symmetry.
E) asymmetry.

Question 25

Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.
B) Mollusca.
C) Annelida.
D) Nematoda.
E) Platyhelminthes.

Question 26

The most successful phylum with regards to diversity and numbers is

A) Mollusca.
B) Nematoda.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Echinodermata.

Question 27

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

A) coelom.
B) blastula.
C) pseudocoelom.
D) protostome.
E) deuterostome.

Question 28

Cnidarians are animals found in ________ environments.

A) land-dwelling
B) tree-dwelling
C) desert
D) aquatic
E) All answers are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

A) earthworm
B) snail
C) flatworm
D) sea star
E) insect

Question 30

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum

A) Platyhelminthes.
B) Cnidaria.
C) Porifera.
D) Nematoda.
E) Annelida.

Question 31

All cnidarians share the ability to do which of the following?

A) photosynthesize
B) secrete a thick mantle that sometimes forms a shell
C) sting predators and prey
D) live on land
E) fly

Question 32

You have discovered a new worm-like animal.You are convinced it is not a nematode because it

A) has a complete digestive tract.
B) is unsegmented.
C) has bilateral symmetry.
D) has a coelom.
E) has tapered ends.

Question 33

A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is a(n)

A) closed circulatory system.
B) gastrovascular cavity.
C) incomplete circulatory system.
D) complete circulatory system.
E) open circulatory system.

Question 34

What are the three major body regions of many arthropods?

A) head, thorax, and abdomen
B) head, abdomen, and legs
C) head, thorax, and legs
D) head, gastrovascular cavity, and thorax
E) head, gills, and legs

Question 35

Platyhelminthes include which of the following organisms?

A) flukes
B) jellyfish
C) sponges
D) insects
E) mollusks

Question 36

A mollusk with multiple arms for locomotion and grabbing prey is a

A) gastropod.
B) cephalopod.
C) bivalve.
D) chiton.
E) fluke.

Question 37

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.
B) Echinodermata.
C) Annelida.
D) Mollusca.
E) Arthropoda.

Question 38

Sponges belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.
B) Cnidaria.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Nematoda.
E) Annelida.

Question 39

Pinworms and hookworms belong to the phylum

A) Nematoda.
B) Annelida.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Porifera.
E) Cnidaria.

Question 40

A circulatory system that keeps blood confined within vessels after leaving the heart is a(n)

A) closed circulatory system.
B) gastrovascular cavity.
C) open circulatory system.
D) incomplete circulatory system.
E) complete circulatory system.

Question 41

Which of the following is a lobe-finned fish?

A) stingray
B) lamprey
C) eel
D) lungfish
E) shark

Question 42

What was most key in the transition of fish into amphibians?

A) limbs only
B) both lungs and limbs
C) lungs only
D) fins only
E) both lungs and fins

Question 43

Which is a characteristic of reptiles?

A) They have gills.
B) They are endotherms.
C) They have skeletons composed of cartilage.
D) They are ectotherms with lungs.
E) They lack a coelom.

Question 44

The function of vertebrae is to

A) protect the nerve chord only.
B) provide attachment points for muscles only.
C) both protect the nerve cord and provide attachment points for muscles.
D) protect the brain only.
E) both protect the brain and nerve cord.

Question 45

Which characteristic would exclude an animal from being an amphibian?

A) lungs
B) a cartilaginous skeleton
C) ectothermic temperature regulation
D) "jellylike" eggs
E) vertebrae

Question 46

A bony or cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the brain of chordates is a(n)

A) cranium.
B) notochord.
C) amnion.
D) vertebra.
E) jaw.

Question 47

A lancelet is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.
B) vertebrate.
C) echinoderm.
D) amphibian.
E) fish.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a reptile?

A) bat
B) snake
C) crocodile
D) turtle
E) penguin

Question 49

Which of the following is not classified as a mammal?

A) dolphin
B) platypus
C) kangaroo
D) penguin
E) whale

Question 50

You are helping to prepare images for a textbook when you see a caption saying "first land vertebrates," so you look for pictures of 

A) amphibians.
B) reptiles.
C) tortoises.
D) lampreys.
E) lungfish.

Question 51

Which is a characteristic of hagfishes?

A) They have both a cranium and skeleton made of bone.
B) They have a cranium made of cartilage.
C) They have a cranium made of bone and vertebrae made of cartilage.
D) They have a cranium made of bone but lack vertebrae.
E) They have vertebrae made of cartilage but lack a cranium.

Question 52

If asked on an exam to give a property not found in the echinoderms,which would you write on the exam?

A) They exhibit cephalization.
B) Adults exhibit radial symmetry.
C) Larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry.
D) They have a complete digestive tract.
E) They have spiny skin.

Question 53

Which of the following is an amphibian?

A) turtle
B) lizard
C) toad
D) octopus
E) coelacanth

Question 54

A tunicate is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.
B) vertebrate.
C) echinoderm.
D) amphibian.
E) fish.

Question 55

Which of the following is a cartilaginous fish?

A) shark
B) tuna
C) salmon
D) lungfish
E) catfish

Question 56

Which of the following is a jawless fish?

A) skate
B) shark
C) tuna
D) salmon
E) lamprey

Question 57

Birds are classified as

A) reptiles.
B) mammals.
C) amphibians.
D) fishes.
E) invertebrate chordates.

Question 58

You are given temperature data showing that a newly discovered animal has the same body temperature as long as the temperature of the room in which the animal is found remains constant.When the room temperature varies,the animal shows a similar variation in its temperature.You are looking at data from a(n) 

A) thermophile.
B) mesophile.
C) mammal.
D) endotherm.
E) ectotherm.

Question 59

An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(n)

A) endotherm.
B) ectotherm.
C) thermophile.
D) mesophile.
E) invertebrate.

Question 60

Which is a characteristic of the phylum Chordata?

A) They do not have true tissues.
B) They have a gastrula with only two germ layers.
C) They have radial symmetry.
D) They have a notochord.
E) They have a pseudocoelom.

Question 61

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

A) respiratory
B) nervous
C) digestive
D) movement
E) excretion

Question 62

Which were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

A) amphibians
B) nonavian reptiles
C) birds
D) mammals
E) fish

Question 63

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

A) incomplete digestive tract
B) radial symmetry
C) cephalization
D) psuedocoelom
E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of annelids.

Question 64

If you were eating sea urchin and starfish soup,you would be eating echinoderms.

Question 65

Segmentation is easy to observe in the cuticle of a nematode.

Question 66

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

Question 67

Some sponges have spicules made of calcium carbonate.

Question 68

When asked to analyze a sample of marine life,you notice the animal has an incomplete digestive tract,stinging cells,and swims by propeling water through itself.You conclude that you are observing a cnidarian polyp.

Question 69

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

A) echinoderms
B) arthropods
C) amphibians
D) cnidarians
E) mollusks

Question 70

Sharp slivers,called ________,are made of silica or calcium carbonate and provide sponges with support.

A) spicules
B) pores
C) collar cells    
D) amoebocytes
E) No answer is correct.

Question 71

At the beach,you find an animal with a two-part shell,a muscular foot,and a radula.You conclude that you have found a mollusk.

Question 72

If you had found a flattened worm with bilateral symmmetry,you would know that you had found a flatworm.

Question 73

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n)________ consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n)________ is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

A) cephalization; amnion
B) amnion; medusa
C) amnion; polyp
D) polyp; medusa
E) medusa; polyp

Question 74

In the Investigating Life,the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests that it could absorb

A) oxygen from the air.
B) oxygen from both the air and water.
C) oxygen from the water.
D) food from the water.
E) both food and oxygen from the water.

Question 75

If you were able to remove the ________ from the sponge,you would destroy its filtering system.

A) spicules
B) cnidocytes
C) collar cells
D) amoebocytes
E) protein fibers

Question 76

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

A) hair
B) mammary glands
C) an amnion
D) legs
E) lungs

Question 77

The early amphibian Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

A) It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its gills.
B) It could crawl out of the water and walk over to new shallow streams.
C) It could swim better than fish.
D) It could crawl on shore and feed on birds and reptiles that were on land.
E) It could breathe air through its lungs.

Question 78

Some animals are autotrophs.

Question 79

Nematodes are protected from environmental hazards in part by their cuticle.

Question 80

Most mollusks have an open circulatory system that keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.