Deck 26: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

Where are blood cells produced?

A) in red marrow inside of bones
B) in yellow marrow inside of bones
C) in joints by creatine phosphate
D) in the liver
E) in the spleen

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes

A) ligaments.
B) bone.
C) cartilage.
D) tendons.
E) All answers are correct.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Connective tissue includes supportive material like bone and cartilage, the latter of which can also cushion in joints, plus tendons and ligaments which join parts together.

Question 3

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

A) production of blood cells only.
B) both production of nerve cells and storage of calcium.
C) storage of calcium only.
D) both production of blood cells and storage of calcium.
E) production of nerve cells only.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: New blood cells come from the marrow in the long bones, and the calcium in bone can be liberated when needed elsewhere in the body.

Question 4

Which is not an important function of calcium in vertebrates?

A) blood clotting
B) muscle contraction
C) transport of oxygen to the body's cells
D) homeostasis
E) strengthening of bone

Question 5

Ligaments are connective tissues that connect ________ to ________.

A) muscle; muscle
B) muscle; bone
C) tendons; bone
D) bone; bone
E) cartilage; bone

Question 6

The endoskeleton functions in

A) production of blood cells.
B) supporting the body.
C) protecting the body.
D) movement.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 7

Which is not a part of the axial skeleton?

A) pelvic girdle
B) ribs
C) skull
D) sternum
E) vertebral column

Question 8

The type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines,cartilage or bone is a(n)

A) exoskeleton.
B) hydrostatic skeleton.
C) gastrovascular cavity.
D) endoskeleton.
E) vascular canal.

Question 9

Which is not a bone of the lower limbs?

A) patella
B) femur
C) tibia
D) fibula
E) ulna

Question 10

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

A) vascular canal.
B) endoskeleton.
C) gastrovascular cavity.
D) exoskeleton.
E) hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 11

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

A) endoskeleton.
B) hydrostatic skeleton.
C) gastrovascular cavity.
D) exoskeleton.
E) vascular canal.

Question 12

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as

A) Graves disease.
B) a ruptured cartilage.
C) scleroderma.
D) scoliosis.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 13

While in medical school working on a cadaver,you are instructed to find a damaged tendon.You might first look for what two things joined together?

A) muscle; bone
B) ligaments; bone
C) muscle; muscle
D) bone; bone
E) cartilage; bone

Question 14

Which bone,if examined,would show that you were working with something other than an upper limb?

A) radius
B) ulna
C) patella
D) humerus
E) clavicle

Question 15

A condition in which bones become less dense is called

A) gigantism.
B) acromegaly.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) rheumatism.
E) osteoporosis.

Question 16

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running,swimming,and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

A) skeletal and endocrine systems.
B) muscular and endocrine systems.
C) muscular and skeletal systems.
D) circulatory and muscular systems.
E) circulatory and skeletal systems.

Question 17

An area where two bones meet is called a(n)

A) synapse.
B) joint.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) vascular cavity.
E) olfactory bulb.

Question 18

The vertebrae in descending order from the skull are

A) cervical, thoracic, lumbar.
B) lumbar, thoracic, cervical.
C) cervical, lumbar, thoracic.
D) thoracic, lumbar, cervical.
E) lumbar, cervical, thoracic.

Question 19

The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)

A) endoskeleton.
B) exoskeleton.
C) hydrostatic skeleton.
D) gastrovascular cavity.
E) vascular canal.

Question 20

Which is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

A) pelvic girdle
B) sternum
C) pectoral girdle
D) femur
E) humerus

Question 21

Osteoarthritis is caused when bones in a joint rub against each other directly.What happens in osteoarthritis?

A) New bone is made in the joint.
B) Cartilage is destroyed.
C) Ligaments are torn.
D) The synovial membrane is destroyed.
E) Tendons are torn.

Question 22

A thick filament in a muscle cell is composed primarily of the protein

A) pectin.
B) myoglobin.
C) hemoglobin.
D) actin.
E) myosin.

Question 23

If you placed an electrode on a person's triceps and stimulated the muscle,they would not be able to

A) straighten their leg.
B) straighten their arm.
C) bend their leg.
D) bend their arm.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 24

An autoimmune disorder in which there is chronic inflammation of the joint membrane is

A) osteoarthritis.
B) scoliosis.
C) rheumatoid arthritis.
D) osteoporosis.
E) acromegaly.

Question 25

The high water content of cartilage allows it to cushion blows.

Question 26

A bedridden person is at risk of what problem?

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) osteoarthritis
C) osteoporosis
D) a sprain
E) anemia

Question 27

The precursor of bone is cartilage.

Question 28

After a muscle cell contracts,calcium ions must

A) be pumped back into the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) be pumped out of the muscle cell.
C) flow out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
D) flow into the muscle cell.
E) flow out of the muscle cell.

Question 29

The molecule that rapidly replenishes ATP at the beginning of muscle activity is

A) actin.
B) creatine phosphate.
C) myoglobin.
D) oxygen debt.
E) myosin.

Question 30

A thin filament in a muscle cell is composed primarily of the protein

A) hemoglobin.
B) myosin.
C) myoglobin.
D) actin.
E) pectin.

Question 31

A neuromuscular junction is a ________ between a ________ and a ________.

A) membrane; muscle; neuron
B) synovial joint; muscle; neuron
C) synapse; muscle; neuron
D) synovial joint; bone; muscle
E) synapse; bone; muscle

Question 32

In muscle tissue,if there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to occur,the muscle cell

A) can produce ATP by fermentation.
B) cannot make ATP.
C) uses creatine phosphate instead of ATP for energy.
D) can produce ATP from fats.
E) depletes its reserves of lactic acid.

Question 33

If an older patient came in complaining of joint pain,and a scan showed the bones in the patient's hands rubbing one another,you would diagnose 

A) acromegaly.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) scoliosis.
D) osteoporosis.
E) osteoarthritis.

Question 34

If you were examining a biopsy sample of a leg bone,and the structure of the bone was spongy,you would know that the sample came from the end of the bone.

Question 35

If you see a limb move,first in one direction,then in the opposite,you can be sure that there are two opposing muscles responsible.

Question 36

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours.This stiff position is called

A) osteoarthritis.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) rigor mortis.
D) osteoporosis.
E) flaccid paralysis.

Question 37

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours because ATP is required

A) to break the bond between actin and myosin.
B) for actin to bind to myosin.
C) for the motor neuron to signal a muscle to relax.
D) for calcium ions to be pumped into the muscle cell.
E) to produce creatine phosphate.

Question 38

Which will be true of the muscles of a bedridden person?

A) Only calcium levels will be lower than normal.
B) Mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.
C) Only ATP production will be lower than normal.
D) Calcium levels and ATP production will be lower than normal.
E) ATP production and mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.

Question 39

A sprain is a stretched or torn

A) ligament.
B) tendon.
C) muscle.
D) neuron.
E) vein.

Question 40

What causes a muscle cell to contract?

A) Actin and myosin break down.
B) Actin heads attached to myosin bend.
C) Calcium ions form a bridge binding actin to myosin.
D) ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
E) Myosin heads attached to actin bend.

Question 41

Muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers.

Question 42

A new drug that mimics ATP but that cannot be broken down as ATP is in muscle would still allow muscular contraction to occur.

Question 43

The attachment area for one of the main muscles involved in chewing is shown in red for three types of primates.

How is the temporalis muscle attached to the skull and jaw?

A) myosin
B) ligaments
C) neurons
D) tendons
E) actin

Question 44

The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.

Question 45

Without muscles,bones ________ and without bones,muscles ________.

A) would remain in one location; would move soft tissue layers
B) would remain in one location; would remain in one location
C) would provide movement; would remain in one location
D) would be useless; would remain under control of the nervous system
E) would remain under control of the nervous system; would be useless

Question 46

The breast muscles of a wild duck are dark,while that of a domesticated chicken are white.The breast muscles in a domesticated chicken are

A) fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
B) slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
C) slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
D) fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
E) a mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

Question 47

Muscle rich in fast-twitch fibers is darker than muscle rich in slow-twitch fibers.

Question 48

Skeletal muscle contraction is important in maintaining body temperature homeostasis.

Question 49

Why is myosin important for contraction?

A) ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
B) Actin heads bend when attached to myosin.
C) Calcium ions form a bridge moving actin along myosin.
D) Myosin heads bend when attached to actin.
E) Myosin synthesizes new strands of actin, lengthening the muscle.

Question 50

Athletes who compete in distance/endurance events develop more fast-twitch muscle.

Question 51

Bones play a role in calcium homeostasis.

Question 52

The interaction of both the muscular system and the skeletal system is necessary for animals to run,fly,and swim.

Question 53

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location where red blood cells and platelets are made?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 54

Fermentation does not require oxygen to generate ATP and is almost as efficient as aerobic respiration in generating ATP in muscle cells.

Question 55

The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.The breast muscles in a wild duck are

A) fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
B) slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
C) slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
D) fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
E) a mix of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

Question 56

Athletes who do more short bursts of intense activity will develop more fast-twitch muscle.

Question 57

The DNA sequences for a portion of the myosin gene are shown for humans and several non-human primates. The fragments start at nucleotide #26 in the gene, and shaded boxes highlight differences between the two sets of sequences.

What does the high level of similarity between the myosin gene sequences in human and non-human primates suggest?

A) Humans and non-human primates had a common ancestor at some time in the past.
B) Humans and non-human primates are not related.
C) The myosin gene arose independently in humans and non-human primates.
D) Genes can transfer readily between humans and non-human primates.
E) Natural selection did not occur in humans.

Question 58

A myofibril is packed with two types of protein filaments,thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments.

Question 59

How did the inactivation of a gene that now encodes a nonfunctional myosin protein affect human chewing muscles?

A) No effect because humans have over 40 closely related myosin genes.
B) No effect because myosin is not essential for life.
C) The loss of this myosin led to smaller and weaker chewing muscles in humans.
D) No effect because other proteins in the body can do the same thing as myosin.
E) The loss of this myosin led to greater flexibility of chewing muscles in humans.

Question 60

The temporalis and masseter muscles close the jaw while the platysma opens the jaw.To clench your teeth,you

A) contract the temporalis and masseter and relax the platysma.
B) relax the temporalis and masseter and contract the platysma.
C) contract the temporalis, masseter, and platysma.
D) relax the temporalis, masseter, and platysma.
E) contract the temporalis and relax the platysma and masseter.

Question 61

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location of hard,dense connective tissue with canals that house blood vessels and nervous tissue but that lacks enough space to store red bone marrow?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 62

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?

A) produce heat to keep the body warm
B) yell a command
C) blink
D) kick a ball
E) pump blood through the heart

Question 63

What connective tissue provides a mold that bone replaces until bone growth is complete?

A) cartilage
B) red bone marrow
C) yellow bone marrow
D) compact bone
E) spongy bone

Question 64

What keeps your head held up and not drooped forward toward your chest when you are awake?

A) nervous tissue
B) skeletal muscle
C) cartilage
D) bone
E) tendons

Question 65

________ are used to lift a cup to your mouth,and ________ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.

A) The biceps; the triceps
B) The muscles; the bones
C) The tendons; the ligaments
D) The ligaments; the tendons
E) The biceps; the tendons

Question 66

If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete,what may result?

A) Additional cartilage will be added to the growth plate.
B) The bone will not grow to its full length.
C) The bone will continue to grow unchecked.
D) The cartilage will continue to grow unchecked.
E) Red bone marrow will not form because of a reduced marrow cavity.