Deck 18: Managing Change

Question 1

Unplanned change is incremental and results from a deliberate decision to alter an organization.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Kurt Lewin's change model is based on the idea of diagnosis and needs analysis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The organization development practitioner in team building serves as a facilitator.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When both parties in a working relationship have a mutual disagreement on expectations, there is less ambiguity in the process of working together.

Question 5

Team building is a widely used intervention method whereby employee attitudes are solicited using a questionnaire.

Question 6

Change in which an organization moves to a radically different, and sometimes unknown, future state is known as incremental change.

Question 7

One popular leadership training and development program is to send future leaders to off-site training classes.

Question 8

Skills training is accomplished either in formal classroom settings or on the job.

Question 9

Process consultation is often used as a sole organization development method.

Question 10

One popular technique for job redesign is the use of outdoor challenges.

Question 11

According to Kurt Lewin's change model, managers should ensure that the organizational culture and formal reward systems encourage the old behaviors.

Question 12

The notion of reactance refers to a positive reaction that occurs when individuals feel that their personal freedom is preserved.

Question 13

The power players in the global market are the organizations that can capitalize on emerging markets throughout the world.

Question 14

Coaching is always done in a one-on-one manner.

Question 15

In Lewin's change model, refreezing involves encouraging individuals to discard old behaviors by shaking up the equilibrium state that maintains the status quo.

Question 16

The protesting of a work group against an increase in working hours is an internal force for change.

Question 17

The term diagnosis comes from two Greek words, dial (through)and gnosis (knowledge).

Question 18

Effective coaching relationships depend on a professional, experienced coach, an executive who is motivated to learn and change, and a good fit between the two.

Question 19

The final step in Kurt Lewin's change model is moving.

Question 20

One of the key principles on which the famed Toyota Way of doing business is focused on is respect for processes.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of managing ethical behavior?​

A)​Ethical issues are always public and monumental.
B)​Organizations must create a culture that discourages ethical behavior.
C)​Ethical behavior is a major internal force for change in an organization.
D)​Society expects organizations to maintain ethical behavior in relationships with customers.

Question 22

The most massive scope of change in an organization is known as:​

A)​incremental change.
B)​strategic change.
C)​transitional change.
D)​transformational change.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of globalization?​

A)​Globalizing an organization requires only structural changes in organizations.
B)​Globalization gives less importance to changes in the minds of employees.
C)​Globalization is an internal force for change in organizations.
D)​Globalizing an organization means rethinking the most efficient ways to use resources.

Question 24

_____ results from a deliberate decision to alter an organization.​

A)​Planned change
B)​Unplanned change
C)​Spontaneous change
D)​Accidental change

Question 25

Health promotion programs are a group-focused technique for organization development intervention.

Question 26

In _____, an organization moves to a radically different, and sometimes unknown, future state.​

A)​strategic change
B)​transactional change
C)​transformational change
D)​incremental change

Question 27

Identify a true statement about globalization.​

A)​Globalization is an internal force for change.
B)​Globalizing an organization requires changes in the minds of employees.
C)​Globalizing an organization does not require structural changes.
D)​Globalization decreases workforce diversity in organizations.

Question 28

When an organization fine-tunes its operations, it is going through a(n):​

A)​incremental change.
B)​strategic change.
C)​transformational change.
D)​transactional change.

Question 29

Telecommuting is a form of process consultation.​

Question 30

Which of the following is true of change leaders within organizations?​

A)​They are more task oriented than general managers.
B)​They operate in only one leadership style.
C)​They are uncomfortable with uncertainty.
D)​They use a balance of technical and interpersonal skills.

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of an internal force for change in an organization?​

A)​An increased grievance rate
B)​Technological advancement
C)​A shrinking applicant pool
D)​Government regulations

Question 32

An adjustment in the price of gasoline by an oil company in response to an excise tax increase is a(n):​

A)​incremental change.
B)​nonreversible change.
C)​strategic change.
D)​transactional change.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of external change agents?​

A)​They know about the organization's history and culture.
B)​They are not preferred by employees because of their partiality.
C)​They have no power in directing changes.
D)​They bring an outsider's objective view to the organization.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of unplanned change in an organization?​

A)​Installing a computer-controlled machine tool
B)​Responding to an increase in excise tax on gasoline
C)​Preparing materials and making arrangements for a workforce diversity-training workshop
D)​Scheduling production runs for the peak vacation period of June through August

Question 35

When an organization makes a large-scale change, such as organizational restructuring, the change is:​

A)​strategic.
B)​transactional.
C)​incremental.
D)​operational.

Question 36

Which of the following is a disadvantage that internal change agents have in managing the change process in an organization?​

A)​They do not know about the organization's history and political system.
B)​They are careless about managing change.
C)​They do not understand the organization's culture.
D)​They are too close to the situation to have an objective view of what needs to be done.

Question 37

As an organization development intervention method, job rotation alters jobs to improve the fit between individual skills and the demands of the job.​

Question 38

Which of the following is true of globalization?​

A)​Global business carries unique risks not found by firms competing within a single nation.
B)​Globalization decreases workforce diversity in organizations.
C)​Globalization decreases competition among firms.
D)​Global business involves a single government and a single legal system.

Question 39

Job redesign is one of the group-focused techniques for organization development intervention.

Question 40

Which of the following is an internal force that can stimulate the need for change in an organization?​

A)​The diversity of the labor force
B)​The pricing decision of a competitor
C)​The resignation of a key decision maker
D)​The effective date of a new federal employment law

Question 41

Identify a group-focused technique for organization development intervention.​

A)​Leadership training and development programs
B)​Product and service quality programs
C)​Health promotion programs
D)​Career-planning activities

Question 42

Which of the following is a key strategy for managing resistance to change that establishes a feeling of ownership in the change process among employees?​

A)​Delegation
B)​Empathy
C)​Communication
D)​Participation

Question 43

An employee's resistance to change that introduces ambiguity into what was once a comfortable situation is the result of:​

A)​fear of failure.
B)​fear of disruption of interpersonal relationships.
C)​fear of loss.
D)​fear of the unknown.

Question 44

Fear of loss occurs when:​

A)​an employee's status is threatened.
B)​an employee questions his or her competence to deal with changes.
C)​an employee fears his or her own failure as a result of changes.
D)​an employee's interpersonal relationships are threatened.

Question 45

_____ is a crucial step in managing change that measures the skills and competencies that employees must have to achieve the goals of the change.​

A)​Brainstorming
B)​Process consultation
C)​A needs analysis
D)​A systematic survey

Question 46

Which of the following is the first step of Harry Levinson's diagnostic analysis?​

A)​Analysis of an organization as a whole to obtain data about its structure and processes
B)​Gathering interpretive data about attitudes, relationships, and current organizational functioning
C)​Analysis of gathered organizational data
D)​Achieving an understanding of an organization's history

Question 47

When employees question their competence to deal with changes that might result in increased workloads or increased task difficulty, they are experiencing:​

A)​the fear of loss.
B)​the fear of failure.
C)​the fear of disruption.
D)​the fear of the unknown.

Question 48

Which of the following is an essential first step for any organization development intervention?​

A)​Diagnosis
B)​Force field analysis
C)​Brainstorming
D)​Process consultation

Question 49

Which of the following is a similarity between internal and external change agents in an organization?​

A)​Both are preferred by employees for their impartiality.
B)​Both know everything about the organization's culture and history.
C)​Both try to bring an outsider's objective view to the organization.
D)​Both specialize in adaptability as a key skill.

Question 50

Which of the following is a key strategy for managing resistance to change that involves conveying accurate and timely information that can help prevent unfounded fears and potentially damaging rumors from developing?​

A)​Support
B)​Communication
C)​Participation
D)​Empathy

Question 51

Which of the following methods can be used for gathering data in each stage of Harry Levinson's diagnostic analysis?​

A)​Action learning
B)​Archival record
C)​Process consultation
D)​Job redesign

Question 52

_____ is the second step in Lewin's change model in which new attitudes, values, and behaviors are substituted for old ones.​

A)​Unfreezing
B)​Moving
C)​Refreezing
D)​Motivating

Question 53

Management by objectives, team building, and survey feedback are _____ techniques for organization development Intervention.​

A)​group-focused
B)​individual-focused
C)​diagnostic
D)​quantitative

Question 54

Identify a guideline that should be followed by organizations to make survey feedback effective.​

A)​Feedback should be reported in a group format.
B)​Management should not disclose the purpose of the survey.
C)​Survey responses should not be confidential.
D)​Responses to the questionnaire should be publicly announced.

Question 55

In Kurt Lewin's change model, the maintenance of status quo can be viewed as a(n):​

A)​state of equilibrium.
B)​restraining force.
C)​immovable object.
D)​potential element for agitation.

Question 56

Which of the following is a key strategy for managing resistance to change in which employees must be engaged and involved in order for change to work?​

A)​Participation
B)​Empathy
C)​Support
D)​Communication

Question 57

_____ involves the setting of initial objectives, periodic progress reviews, and problem solving to remove any obstacles to goal achievement.​

A)​Management by objectives
B)​Management by exception
C)​Survey feedback
D)​Process consultation

Question 58

Before any organization development intervention is planned, _____.​

A)​force field analysis should be used for decision making
B)​a thorough organizational diagnosis should be conducted
C)​individuals should be encouraged to discard old behaviors
D)​new attitudes, values, and behaviors should be established as the new status quo

Question 59

Identify a true statement about organization development.​

A)​It seeks to improve only individual well-being and effectiveness.
B)​It does not emphasize intervention at any level of an organization.
C)​It utilizes behavioral science theory and research to increase effectiveness.
D)​It undermines the reciprocal relationship between individuals and organizations.

Question 60

Which of the following is true of survey feedback?​

A)​Survey feedback is a widely used individual-focused technique for organizational development intervention.
B)​The effectiveness of survey feedback decreases substantially when this method is combined with other interventions.
C)​Survey feedback is always used as a sole organization development intervention method.
D)​The effectiveness of survey feedback is contingent upon trust between management and subordinates.

Question 61

Identify a true statement about management by objectives.​

A)It involves separate goal setting for employees and managers.​
B)​It leads to role conflict and ambiguity.
C)​It clarifies what is expected of employees.
D)​It negatively affects communication.

Question 62

 _____ can be used to identify and nurture talented employees for potential promotion.​

A)​Role negotiation
B)​Survey feedback
C)​Process consultation
D)​Career planning

Question 63

Identify an individual-focused technique for organization development intervention.​

A)​Role negotiation
B)​Survey feedback
C)​Process consultation
D)​Management by objectives

Question 64

_____ results in a better understanding between the two parties in a work relationship.​

A)​Process consultation
B)​Executive coaching
C)​Action learning
D)​Role negotiation

Question 65

In the context of group-focused techniques for organization development intervention, which of the following statements is true of process consultation?​

A)​It cannot be used for conflict resolution.
B)​It uses an inside consultant.
C)​It is an interactive technique.
D)​It encourages individuals to discard old behaviors.

Question 66

Distinguish between incremental, strategic, and transformational changes.

Question 67

One of the key principles on which the famed Toyota Way of doing business is focused on is:​

A)​globalization of business.
B)​force field analysis for change management.
C)​continuous improvement dedicated to innovation.
D)​process consultation in the workplace.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of leadership training and development programs?​

A)​Leadership training and development programs do not include off-site training.
B)​All leadership training and development programs are group-focused techniques for organization development intervention.
C)​Leadership training and development programs require little time and effort.
D)​Some leadership training and development programs combine classroom learning with on-the-job experiences.

Question 69

Individuals can meet and clarify their expectations of each other using the technique of _____ for organization development intervention.​

A)​career planning
B)​team building
C)​role negotiation
D)​survey feedback

Question 70

_____ focus on helping employees manage their stress.​

A)​Role negotiation programs
B)​Health promotion programs
C)​Leadership training and development programs
D)​Process consultation programs

Question 71

Which of the following is an organization development intervention that is targeted at individuals?​

A)​Survey feedback
B)​Skills training
C)​Management by objectives
D)​Process consultation

Question 72

Emerald Inc.sponsors a corporate outing for its employees annually wherein employees participate in activities such as scavenger hunts and laser tag.This scenario illustrates that Emerald Inc.is using outdoor challenges to:​

A)​improve leadership skills.
B)​improve team building.
C)​obtain feedback.
D)​improve role negotiation skills.

Question 73

Identify a true statement about coaching.​

A)​Coaching should never be carried out in groups.
B)​Coaches make suggestions to clients rather than elicit ideas.
C)​Coaches clarify an individual's psychological contract.
D)​Coaching is typically a special investment in top-level managers.

Question 74

Which of the following processes is most often targeted in process consultation?​

A)​Conflict resolution
B)​Technological innovation
C)​Job redesign
D)​Performance rating

Question 75

Which of the following is true of management by objectives?​

A)​It involves separate goal setting for employees and managers.
B)​It leads to increased role conflict and ambiguity.
C)​It negatively affects communication.
D)​It provides knowledge of results.

Question 76

Leadership training and development, job redesign, and executive coaching are _____ techniques for organization development intervention.​

A)​diagnostic
B)​quantitative
C)​group-focused
D)​individual-focused

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of action learning?​

A)​In action learning, leaders take on familiar problems or unfamiliar problems in familiar settings.
B)​In action learning, leaders meet annually in large groups.
C)​The outcome of action learning is that leaders learn about themselves through the challenges of their comrades.
D)​Techniques that provide action learning for participants are executive coaching, role negotiation, and job redesign.

Question 78

In process consultation, the ownership of a successful outcome rests with the _____.​

A)​outside consultant
B)​employees
C)​chief executive officer
D)​trainers

Question 79

Briefly explain the external and internal forces for change in organizations.

Question 80

Communicado Inc., a cell phone manufacturer, has technologically modified all its existing products.It has also improved its customer service.As a result, the company has become very popular among customers.In this scenario, which of the following group-focused techniques for organization development intervention has Communicado used?​

A)​Quality program
B)​Skills training
C)​Team building
D)​Management by objectives