Question 1

Which term is not a period of development?&#10;A) Adolescence&#10;B) Early childhood&#10;C) Infancy&#10;D) Puberty

Accepted Answer

Periods of development are intervals of time during which a child increases in size and acquires specific skills.See Box 6-3.

Question 2

In which context can the OT practitioner have the greatest impact?&#10;A) Chronologic age&#10;B) Environmental&#10;C) Social&#10;D) Cultural

Accepted Answer

The physical, or nonhuman, aspects of the environment have an impact on the rate of skill acquisition in both performance and areas of occupation.For example, if a child lives in a climate that requires warm clothing, he or she will learn to don and doff a sweater or a coat more quickly than one who lives in a temperate climate.A child who lives in a two-story house will more likely learn to ascend and descend stairs before one who lives in a single-story house.

Question 3

Which period is characterized by rapid growth, spending much time in educational settings, and shifting of the child's major influences from parents to peers?&#10;A) Infancy&#10;B) Early childhood&#10;C) Middle childhood&#10;D) Adolescence

Accepted Answer

Middle childhood begins at 6 years of age and lasts until puberty, which begins at approximately 12 years of age in females and 14 years of age in males.Children in this developmental period spend the majority of their time in educational settings; therefore, the major influence on the child shifts from parents to peers.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about typical development?&#10;A) It occurs naturally.&#10;B) It is a biomechanical process.&#10;C) It is unpredictable and spontaneous.&#10;D) The rate remains the same for all children.

Accepted Answer

The sequence of skill acquisition is predictable in the typically developing child.
Although normal development is predictable and sequential, the rate of skill acquisition varies among children.

Question 5

Which statement is not true concerning maturation?&#10;A) It is the process of development.&#10;B) It occurs naturally.&#10;C) It is predictable.&#10;D) It is more important than experience in the developmental process.

Accepted Answer

Maturation and experience affect a child's development.Maturation and experience influence the rate and direction of normal development.Maturation is the innate (natural) process of growth and development, and experience is the result of interactions with the environment.In addition, current research on motor control introduces the concepts of arousal states and motivation as additional factors that have an impact on motor learning.

Question 6

Which statement is not a basic principle of developmental theory?&#10;A) Development is sequential and predictable.&#10;B) Maturation and experience affect development.&#10;C) Development involves changes in biological, psychological, and social systems.&#10;D) Controlled sensory input can assist a child in organizing the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Normal development is sequential and predictable.Maturation and experience affect a child's development.Throughout the course of normal development, changes occur in the biological, psychological, and social systems.Therefore, development is a dynamic and continuously changing process.Development progresses in two directions: vertical and horizontal.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the occupational therapy (OT) practitioner's study of typical development?&#10;A) It has no clinical relevance unless the therapist is working with developmentally delayed children.&#10;B) It is best to memorize developmental sequences.&#10;C) It helps practitioners to problem solve developmental sequences while working with children who have special needs.&#10;D) It has limited application while working with special needs children.

Accepted Answer

The OT practitioner must understand development and the process of typical development.The sequence of acquisition in relation to occupational performance skills and areas is the foundation for OT assessment of and intervention with children who have special needs.The sequence of skill acquisition is predictable in the typically developing child.The OT practitioner's knowledge of normal development guides the order of expectations and choice of activities for children who are not developing typically.The practitioner relies on knowledge of typical development to assist the child in developing useful, functional skills.

Question 8

Children learn to finger-feed, use a pincer grasp, and creep simultaneously.This an example of:&#10;A) cephalocaudal development.&#10;B) horizontal development.&#10;C) spiral adaptation.&#10;D) vertical development.

Accepted Answer

A child who is simultaneously learning to finger-feed, use a pincer grasp, and creep is progressing horizontally because several different performance skills and areas (i.e., activities of daily living, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills) are involved.

Question 9

A child learns to roll over, then crawl, then creep, and eventually walk.This is an example of what type of development?&#10;A) Horizontal&#10;B) Lateral&#10;C) Vertical&#10;D) Dynamic

Accepted Answer

As children progress through the various developmental levels related to the specific performance skills or areas of occupation, they are progressing vertically.For example, in the occupational area of ADLs, children learn to eat with their fingers before they learn to eat with a spoon.As children learn to roll, then crawl, and finally walk, they are progressing vertically in gross motor performance skills.

Question 10

Harry is a 10-year-old boy who is expected to make dinner each evening before his parents get home.This expectation represents which context?&#10;A) Personal&#10;B) Social&#10;C) Cultural&#10;D) Temporal

Accepted Answer

Cultural context includes customs, beliefs/values, standards, and expectations.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about normal development?&#10;A) Development is linear.&#10;B) Development is static.&#10;C) Development is dynamic.&#10;D) Development is vertical.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 12

Which progression most closely reflects typical development?&#10;A) Catching a large ball using both hands and body before catching with one hand away from body.&#10;B) Picking up small pieces of cereal with the tips of the fingers before grabbing with the whole hand.&#10;C) Skipping before hopping on both feet together.&#10;D) Sitting before rolling over.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which progression most closely reflects typical development?&#10;A)...

Question 13

You are treating Jim, a 12-month-old boy with developmental delays.He is sitting without support, anterior propping.According to developmental theory, which skill would you work on next?&#10;A) Skipping&#10;B) Walking up stairs &#34;marking time&#34;&#10;C) Pulling to stand&#10;D) Sitting without support, lateral propping

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are treating Jim, a 12-month-old boy...

Question 14

What is the length of the typical prenatal period?&#10;A) 4 weeks&#10;B) 12 weeks&#10;C) 30 weeks&#10;D) 40 weeks

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the length of the typical...

Question 15

Which of the following is not a rule of motor development?&#10;A) Proximal to distal&#10;B) Lateral to medial&#10;C) Cephalic to caudal&#10;D) Gross to fine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Deck 6: Principles of Normal Development