Question 1

Which statement is true concerning part practice?&#10;A) Part practice may be preferable with complex skills.&#10;B) Part practice is always preferred over whole practice.&#10;C) Part practice is best when the sequence varies.&#10;D) The learner should not receive assistance with part practice.

Accepted Answer

Part practice may be preferable when the skill is more complex.

Question 2

Which statement is true concerning how knowledge of performance (KP) facilitates motor learning?&#10;A) KP should be given 100% of the time.&#10;B) KP should be provided the next day.&#10;C) Prescriptive KP is more helpful than descriptive KP in the early stages of learning.&#10;D) KP error information is not helpful.

Accepted Answer

KP refers to providing information about the nature or characteristic of the movement used to perform the task.The OT practitioner provides information about how the task is performed.KP answers questions such as "What did the individual actually do?" or "How did she move to carry out the task?" KP helps children understand how they could adjust or change movements for more accuracy or success.

Question 3

What type of practice is most effective for transfer of learning?&#10;A) Blocked&#10;B) Distributive&#10;C) Variable&#10;D) Repetitive

Accepted Answer

Variable practice (also referred to as random practice) incorporates the practicing of many different skills, with periods of rest.This type of practice is helpful for fine tuning of skills and most helpful in the transfer of learning as well.Further, they indicate that better movement quality is attained in whole-task practice and repetition.The child completes a variety of movements with natural breaks.

Question 4

To improve upper extremity control needed for writing, the practitioner gives the child a large piece of paper taped to the wall and finger paints.What has the practitioner altered?&#10;A) Attention to details&#10;B) Degrees of freedom&#10;C) Practice expectations&#10;D) Mental rehearsal

Accepted Answer

All of these movements refer to the degrees of freedom in which the shoulder can move.All of this mobility may impede a child's ability to control the joint.For fine motor tasks, for example, the child must be able to control the very mobile shoulder joint, as well as the elbow, wrist, and hand joints.In order to increase control, the degrees of freedom can be limited by holding or stabilizing the joint.For example, to improve upper extremity control needed for writing, the degrees of freedom of the upper extremity can be limited by giving the child a large piece of paper taped to the wall and providing finger paints.The child can hold the distal joints of the hand, wrist, and elbow, while performing a "prewriting" task utilizing primarily the shoulder joint.This activity can be made more challenging by providing a large paintbrush and then smaller paintbrushes and a smaller piece of paper.

Question 5

Alison quickly repositions her body to catch a ball.Of what is this an example?&#10;A) Adaptation&#10;B) Blocked practice&#10;C) Feedback&#10;D) Feedforward

Accepted Answer

Feedforward is that intangible abstract representation of sensation that gives us the awareness of what the movement pattern will feel like before we begin to move.Feedforward refers to the adjustments in anticipation of the movement required.For example, a child may position himself to catch a ball by predicting where he thinks the ball will go.

Question 6

What type of practice includes having a child placing coins in a slot, resting briefly, and repeating the same activity again?&#10;A) Blocked&#10;B) Distributed&#10;C) Transfer of learning&#10;D) Variable

Accepted Answer

An example of blocked practice includes having a child put pegs in a pegboard or placing coins in a slot, resting briefly, and then doing the same activity again.

Question 7

Which statement is not a guideline for applying the concept of transfer of learning?&#10;A) There is no benefit to practicing the skill in real-life situations.&#10;B) Skills need to be presented in a logical progression.&#10;C) Foundational skills should be practiced before complex skills.&#10;D) Similar skills are more likely to transfer.

Accepted Answer

Practicing skills in real-life situations reinforces the child's ability to perform activities more naturally, effectively, and automatically in his or her natural context and promotes transfer of learning to a variety of environments.The best ways to ensure transfer of learning, include allowing the child to practice the actual task in natural context; perform a variety of skills with random or variable rest periods.

Question 8

What term is used to describe the intrinsic processes that go hand in hand with children experiencing and participating in meaningful activities that lead to long-lasting changes in motor performance?&#10;A) Bilateral motor control&#10;B) In-hand manipulation&#10;C) Implement usage&#10;D) Motor learning

Accepted Answer

Motor learning refers to the intrinsic processes that go hand in hand with children experiencing and participating in meaningful activities that lead to long-lasting changes in motor performance.

Question 9

Karen provides her client, Bill, with 1-minute rests between 5-minute of repetitive skill practice.What kind of practice is this?&#10;A) Continual&#10;B) Distributed&#10;C) Blocked&#10;D) Variable

Accepted Answer

Box 24-1 Blocked practice is practice in which the child has longer practice time than rest.It also refers to practicing a similar skill and then getting a break.In blocked practice the child practices one skill with short break and returns to that skill.

Question 10

Which statement is correct concerning feedback and motor skill learning?&#10;A) Direct the child to critical cues before demonstrating the skill.&#10;B) Talk to the child throughout the entire process while demonstrating the skill.&#10;C) Do not provide demonstrations; allow the child to work through the skill.&#10;D) Demonstrate throughout.

Accepted Answer

Demonstrations are best if they are given to the child before practicing the skill and in the early stages of skill acquisition.Before demonstrating the skill, the child's attention should be directed toward critical cues.

Question 11

Which statement is not true concerning using mental practice to develop motor skills?&#10;A) Mental practice should be relatively short, not prolonged.&#10;B) Mental practice can help the person prepare to perform a task.&#10;C) Mental practice combined with physical practice works best.&#10;D) Mental practice replaces physical practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is not true concerning using...

Question 12

The COTA working with 6-year-old Dylan plays a game of crumpling sheets of paper into balls and throwing them.What is the goal of this activity?&#10;A) Basketball mastery&#10;B) Finger individuation&#10;C) Hand strengthening&#10;D) Range of motion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The COTA working with 6-year-old Dylan plays...

Question 13

Which concept is least central to motor control theory?&#10;A) Meaningful activities&#10;B) Natural contexts&#10;C) Promote problem solving&#10;D) Teach components

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which concept is least central to motor...

Question 14

What would be the first step when working with a 6-year-old child with poor coordination and timing for handwriting?&#10;A) Games involving running and moving.&#10;B) Using fingers to grasp object.&#10;C) Scooping, using thumb and index finger.&#10;D) Picking up object, using tip of index finger and thumb.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What would be the first step when...

Question 15

Glen is a 5-year-old boy who is unable to pick up cereal and small toys.The certified occupational therapy assistant (COTA) engages Glen in a game to pull objects out of Play-Doh and poke his finger in the Play-Doh to make holes.On what skills do these activities work?

A) Balance and range of motion.
B) Endurance and trunk strength.
C) Strength and in-hand manipulation.
D) Timing and sequencing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glen is a 5-year-old boy who is...

Deck 24: Motor Control and Motor Learning