Deck 5: Ethics,Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development

Question 1

At the conventional stage of personal ethical development,a person lives up to the expectations of others,and fulfils their duties to others even if they break the law.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Individualism asserts that when people maximise their own outcomes without deception or fraud,the greatest good for society is achieved.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The right of free consent,the right to privacy and the right of freedom of conscience are rights that should be considered in the moral rights approach.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

On the scale of personal moral development,the great majority of managers operate at level two,the conventional level.

Question 5

Most ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the needs of the whole.

Question 6

Any group that has an interest in the organisation's performance and/or actions is referred to as a stakeholder.

Question 7

The principled level of moral development is also referred to as the postconventional level.

Question 8

Found between the domains of law and free choice,ethics is the code of principles that governs individuals and/or groups.

Question 9

The distributive justice concept suggests that people should not be based on arbitrary characteristics.

Question 10

The justice approach is closest to the thinking underlying the domain of free choice.

Question 11

The utilitarian approach to ethical decision-making contends that acts are ethical when they promote the individual's best long-term interests.Individual self-direction is paramount,and external forces that restrict self-direction should be severely limited

Question 12

At the pre-conventional level,individuals are concerned with external rewards and punishments and obey authority to avoid detrimental personal consequences.

Question 13

A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviour have been deemed undesirable because of potentially negative ethical consequences,making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong is known as an ethical dilemma.

Question 14

The government of a foreign country can never be considered a stakeholder of a locally owned Australian organisation.

Question 15

The utilitarian approach to ethical decision-making holds that the action that produces the greatest good to the greatest number is the only ethical action to take.

Question 16

Under the distributive justice approach,equals must be treated equally,while those that are unequal should be treated unequally.

Question 17

The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian,individualism,moral rights and objective dualism.

Question 18

Compensatory justice refers to the establishment of clearly stated rules which are consistently and impartially and forced.

Question 19

The justice approach to ethical decision-making asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision.

Question 20

Corporate Social Responsibility is management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as the organisation.

Question 21

Organisations that adopt obstructive responses deny all responsibility,claim that evidence of wrongdoing is misleading or distorted,and place obstacles to delay investigation.

Question 22

Which of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviour with respect to what is right and wrong?

A) Social responsibility
B) Free domain
C) Ethics
D) Codified law
E) Discretionary responsibility

Question 23

A new drug has not been approved by the federal government to sell in Australia because further testing is needed.The company has a chance to sell its product in Asia immediately to start recovering the costs of R & D and production three years ahead of time.This example places the decision in which of the categories from the text?

A) The ethical domain
B) The domain of free choice
C) The legal domain
D) The obstructive category
E) The protective domain

Question 24

Ethics deals with __________ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility with respect to the __________ environment.

A) internal; external
B) external; external
C) internal; internal
D) external; internal
E) None of these choices.

Question 25

Shareholders should never be considered stakeholders of an organisation for the purposes of ethical analysis.

Question 26

Discretionary responsibility includes behaviour that is not necessarily codified into law and may not serve the organisation's direct economic interests.

Question 27

In the domain of ethical behaviour,obedience is to:

A) enforceable norms and standards
B) oneself
C) laws prescribed by the legal system
D) unenforceable norms and standards
E) the organisation.

Question 28

A group of executives assigned to oversee the organisation's ethics by ruling on questionable issues are known as chief ethics officers.

Question 29

The notion of 'being progressive' describes businesses' active and consistent efforts to build,lengthen and strengthen relationships with their stakeholders.

Question 30

The hierarchy of total corporate social responsibility (from most basic to most important)is considered to be the following: economic responsibility,ethical responsibility,legal responsibility,discretionary responsibility.

Question 31

A proactive response means that the organisation accepts social responsibility for its actions,although it may do so in response to external pressure.

Question 32

Socially responsible investment involves investing in companies which,in the judgement of the investor,do not harm people or the environment through their activities.

Question 33

Shareholder mapping provides a systematic way to identify the expectations,needs,importance and relative power of various stakeholder groups.

Question 34

Triple bottom line reporting involves measuring an organisation in terms of its financial,environmental and human resource performance.

Question 35

An accommodative response means that the organisation accepts social responsibility for its actions,although it may do so in response to external pressure.

Question 36

A code of ethics is a formal statement of the organisation's values regarding moral principles and governing its response to social values.

Question 37

The four corporate responses to social demands are obsessive,defensive,accommodative and protective behaviours.

Question 38

A journalist's disclosure of illegal,unethical or illegitimate practices by any corporation is called whistle-blowing.

Question 39

Four areas of social responsibility can evaluate corporate social performance: economic,legal,ethical and discretionary responsibilities.

Question 40

Ethical structures represent the various systems,positions and programs an organisation can undertake to implement ethical behaviour.

Question 41

A person mostly concerned with external rewards and personal consequences of an action is in what stage of personal moral development?

A) Pre-conventional
B) Conventional
C) Principled
D) Discretionary
E) None of these choices.

Question 42

Hood Sails has just completed a procedure manual to handle employee grievances.One of the main criteria is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently.Hood Sails operates on:

A) the procedural justice approach
B) the utilitarian approach
C) the individual approach
D) the defensive approach
E) the free-choice approach.

Question 43

A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviours have been deemed undesirable because of the potentially negative ethical consequences,making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong,is considered:

A) a moral agent
B) a social responsibility
C) an ethical dilemma
D) an ethical standard
E) discretionary responsibility.

Question 44

____________________ requires that different treatment of people not be based on arbitrary characteristics.

A) Distributive justice
B) Compensatory justice
C) Procedural justice
D) Retributive justice
E) All of these choices.

Question 45

____________________ argues that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible.

A) Distributive justice
B) Compensatory justice
C) Procedural justice
D) Retributive justice
E) All of these choices.

Question 46

Which ethical approach are companies citing to justify their policing of employees' personal habits on and off the job,if they argue that they are maximising the greatest good for the greatest number?

A) Justice approach
B) Utilitarian approach
C) Individualism approach
D) Moral-justice approach
E) Discretionary responsibility

Question 47

Which of the following employee behaviours matches with the pre-conventional level of personal moral development?

A) Work group collaboration
B) Task accomplishment
C) Empowered employees
D) Full participation
E) Transforming

Question 48

The assumption that 'if it's not illegal,it must be ethical',ignores which of the following?

A) Domain of codified law
B) Domain of ethics
C) Domain of free choice
D) Discretionary responsibility
E) Domain of symbolism

Question 49

The pre-conventional stage of moral development is best illustrated by which of these?

A) Everybody else is doing it, so it must be okay.
B) What would my boss think if I did this?
C) I know this is not right and I will not do it even if everyone else is.
D) What am I going to get from making this decision?
E) Oh well, you only live once.

Question 50

Most people have learned to conform to expectations of good behaviour expected by colleagues,family,friends and society.They are in what stage of moral development?

A) Pre-conventional
B) Conventional
C) Discretionary
D) Principled
E) Traditional

Question 51

When everyone is pursuing self-direction,the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest.This is an example of:

A) utilitarian approach
B) individualism approach
C) moral-justice approach
D) justice approach
E) social responsibility.

Question 52

People making decisions based on an internal set of beliefs that has more meaning to them than the expectations of others are:

A) in the pre-conventional level of moral development
B) in the conventional level of moral development
C) in the principled level of moral development
D) narcissistic
E) None of these choices.

Question 53

The stage of personal moral development in which an individual develops an internal set of standards and values is called:

A) pre-conventional
B) principled
C) conventional
D) discretionary
E) social.

Question 54

A person that bases their decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and larger society,taking the interests of all stakeholders into account,is said to have taken which of the following approaches?

A) Pre-conventional approach
B) Conventional approach
C) Principled approach
D) Discretionary approach
E) Practical approach

Question 55

When a person follows self-chosen principles of justice,and they are aware that people hold different values and seek creative solutions to ethical dilemmas,they are said to be in what stage of moral development?

A) Pre-conventional
B) Conventional
C) Discretionary
D) Post-conventional
E) Traditional

Question 56

____________________ requires that rules be administered fairly.Rules should be clearly stated,and consistently and impartially enforced.

A) Distributive justice
B) Compensatory justice
C) Procedural justice
D) Retributive justice
E) All of these choices.

Question 57

Which of these refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people affected by them?

A) Individualism approach
B) Justice approach
C) Utilitarian approach
D) Moral rights approach
E) Discretionary responsibility approach

Question 58

Under the justice approach,all of these are of concern to managers,except:

A)compensatory justice
B)distributive justice
C)procedural justice
D)obstructive justice
E)A and B.

Question 59

Tamako is a manager at Ozzy No-waste Corporation.One of her employees has been cheating the company out of expense money.Tamako must decide whether or not to fire this employee.In this role,Tamako is acting as:

A) a moral agent
B) an ethical theorist
C) a symbolic leader
D) an authoritarian leader
E) an obstructive manager.

Question 60

The individual who must make an ethical choice in an organisation is called:

A) the symbolic leader
B) an obstructive manager
C) the defensive individual
D) the moral agent
E) an authoritarian manager.

Question 61

An organisation can build an ethical culture by including all of the following in their structure,except:

A) ethical leadership
B) code of ethics
C) appointing a chief ethics officer
D) providing support for whistle-blowers
E) All of these can build an ethical culture.

Question 62

____________________involves investing in companies which,in the judgement of the principal investor,does no harm to people or the environment through the activities:

A) Socially responsible investment
B) Corporate social responsibility
C) Stakeholder management
D) Stakeholder mapping
E) None of these choices.

Question 63

A formal statement of an organisation's values regarding the role of ethics,which prescribes the required responses to foreseeable events is called a:

A) mission statement
B) vision statement
C) press statement
D) code of ethics
E) moral organisational stance.

Question 64

Responsibility that goes beyond societal expectations to contribute to the community welfare is:

A) ethical responsibility
B) discretionary responsibility
C) economic responsibility
D) legal responsibility
E) technical responsibility.

Question 65

Which of these is the disclosure by an employee of an illegal and/or unethical activity?

A) Organisational communication
B) Whistle-blowing
C) The filing of a disclosure statement
D) Spying
E) Betraying

Question 66

The process that provides a systematic way to identify the expectations,needs,importance and relative power of various stakeholders is known as:

A)corporate social responsibility
B)stakeholder management
C)stakeholder mapping
D)Both A and C.
E)None of these choices.

Question 67

The model presented within the text for judging corporate social performance,divides social responsibility into four sections.Which of the following sets contains the four parts?

A) Ethical, legal, technical and rational
B) Mandatory, technical, discretionary and economic
C) Legal, mandatory, economic and ethical
D) Discretionary, legal, economic and ethical
E) Legal, economic, mechanical and environmental

Question 68

__________________ is an example of an ethical structure.

A) An ethics ombudsman
B) A formal statement of company values
C) An equal opportunity policy
D) A corporate speech
E) A statement of finances

Question 69

Which leadership style matches with the post-conventional level of personal moral development?

A) Team oriented
B) Autocratic
C) Guiding/encouraging
D) Coercive
E) Servant leadership

Question 70

Managers that generally believe that 'harmful things happen,but they are nobody's fault' are likely to be espousing which type of ethical response?

A) Unethical
B) Proactive
C) Accommodative
D) Defensive
E) Obstructive

Question 71

Which of these employee behaviours matches with the conventional level of personal moral development?

A) Task accomplishment
B) Empowered employees
C) Work group collaboration
D) Full participation
E) Act in own interest

Question 72

All of the following are examples of special interest groups,except:

A) Australian Shareholders Association
B) Miscellaneous Workers Union
C) Doctors for Forests
D) consumerists
E) The High Court of Australia

Question 73

The triple bottom line of organisational performance measurement includes all the following factors,except:

A)financial performance
B)human resource performance
C)environmental performance
D)stakeholder performance
E)Both B and D.

Question 74

What society deems as important,with respect to appropriate corporate behaviour,is:

A) ethical responsibility
B) discretionary responsibility
C) economic responsibility
D) legal responsibility
E) moral responsibility.

Question 75

All modern societies lay down ground rules,laws and regulations that businesses are expected to follow.The organisation's ___________________ defines what society deems as important with respect to appropriate corporate behaviour.

A) ethical responsibility
B) obstructive responsibility
C) social responsibility
D) legal responsibility
E) None of these choices

Question 76

A group of executives assigned to oversee the organisation's ethics by ruling on questionable issues and disciplining violators is known as a(n):

A) a code of ethics
B) ethical ombudsman
C) ethics committee
D) the thought police
E) the ACCC.

Question 77

Which of these employee behaviours matches with the post-conventional level of personal moral development?

A) Empowered employees, full participation
B) Task accomplishment
C) Act in own interest
D) Work group collaboration
E) Autocratic

Question 78

The obligation of organisation management to make decisions and take actions that will enhance the welfare and interests of society as well as the organisation is referred to as:

A) organisational responsibility
B) corporate social responsibility
C) discretionary responsibility
D) economic responsibility
E) educational responsibility.

Question 79

Primary stakeholders of an organisation include:

A) employees
B) customers
C) investors and shareholders
D) suppliers
E) All of these choices.

Question 80

The responsibility to adhere to actions that are justifiable,even if they are harmful to society in some way,equates with:

A) illegal activity
B) ethical responsibility
C) unethical activity
D) economically unsound practice
E) None of these choices.