Deck 12: The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Question 1

Fungi that are important for fermentation of fruits

A) are mushrooms.
B) are obligate aerobes.
C) grow well at neutral pH.
D) secrete degradative enzymes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Dimorphic fungi

A) may grow as mycelia or yeast AND are mushrooms.
B) may grow as mycelia or yeast AND are often associated with disease in humans.
C) are often associated with disease in humans AND are mushrooms.
D) are strictly hyphae AND are often associated with disease in humans.
E) are strictly yeasts AND are often associated with disease in humans.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The terms yeast, mold, and mushrooms refers to fungal

A) reproduction.
B) nutrition.
C) morphology.
D) parasites.
E) staining.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Plant pathology grew in importance as a field of study after it was shown that the Irish potato blight was caused by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fungi.
D) amoeboid protozoa.
E) water molds.

Question 5

Fungi are classified according to their

A) mode of locomotion.
B) morphology.
C) mode of nutrition.
D) method of sexual reproduction.
E) cap color.

Question 6

The pH at which most fungi thrive is ________.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 14

Question 7

All fungi have ________ in their cell walls.

A) chitin
B) cellulose
C) pectin
D) peptidoglycan
E) ergesterol

Question 8

Coccidioidomycosis is

A) a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides sp.
B) a protozoan disease caused by Coccidioides sp.
C) a fungal disease caused by Candida sp.
D) a protozoan disease caused by Candida sp.
E) a viral disease caused by Coccidioides sp.

Question 9

The return of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and nitrogen to the soil is due to the action of

A) viruses and plants.
B) bacteria and viruses.
C) fungi and bacteria.
D) fungi and viruses.
E) plants and bacteria.

Question 10

Mycorrhizae

A) are vital for the survival of lichens AND are vital for the survival of many plants.
B) are vital for the survival of many plants AND increase the absorptive ability of roots.
C) are vital for the survival of many plants AND are used in the production of wine, beer, and bread.
D) increase the absorptive ability of roots AND are used in the production of wine, beer, and bread.
E) are used in the production of wine, beer, and bread AND are vital for the survival of lichens.

Question 11

Fungi are particularly good at infecting

A) protozoans.
B) plants.
C) algae.
D) animals.
E) fish.

Question 12

Which statement about aflatoxins is NOT True?

A) They are produced by Aspergillus.
B) They are possible carcinogens.
C) They may be found in peanuts.
D) They are toxins.
E) They are produced by Candida.

Question 13

Lichens may be an association of

A) several different fungi.
B) protozoa and bacteria.
C) algae and fungi.
D) virus and algae.
E) fungus and ants.

Question 14

Fungal diseases are generally referred to as

A) mycoses.
B) infections.
C) systemics.
D) infestations.
E) funguses.

Question 15

Haustoria

A) are a form of parasitic protozoan.
B) refers to the reproductive structure formed by slime molds.
C) are specialized hyphae used by parasitic fungi.
D) are the reproductive form of protozoans.
E) are a type of root used by all climbing plants.

Question 16

Fungal spores are a major cause of

A) anaerobic disease.
B) fermentation.
C) asthma.
D) food spoilage.
E) hallucinations.

Question 17

A tangle of fungal hyphae is generally known as a

A) mycelium.
B) bud.
C) germ tube.
D) spore.
E) biofilm.

Question 18

In the late nineteenth century, immigration from Ireland to the United States occurred in high numbers due to an infection of potatoes by

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fungi.
D) protozoa.
E) water molds.

Question 19

Most fungi are

A) aerobes or facultative anaerobes.
B) obligate anaerobes.
C) obligate aerobes.
D) microaerophiles.
E) photosynthetic.

Question 20

Fungi capable of dimorphism grow either as

A) rhizoids or hyphae.
B) yeast-like or mycelium.
C) germ tubes or buds.
D) spores or mushrooms.
E) yeast-like or mushrooms.

Question 21

Free-floating, photosynthetic organisms found in marine environments are

A) Bucella.
B) phytoplankton.
C) blue-green algae.
D) krill.
E) omega-3s

Question 22

Sarcodina move by means of

A) flagella.
B) apicomplexans.
C) cilia.
D) pseudopodia.
E) microvilli.

Question 23

Paralytic shellfish poisoning occurs when humans eat shellfish that have fed on

A) Gonyaulax species.
B) Salmonella species.
C) Vibrio cholerae.
D) E. coli.
E) Volvox species.

Question 24

Algae

A) often grow in areas where other forms of life may have difficulty.
B) are strictly macroscopic organisms.
C) have a vascular system similar to that of plants.
D) are only found in the soil.
E) are always saprophytic or parasitic.

Question 25

The ability to exist as either a trophozoite or a cyst is characteristic of many

A) fungi.
B) viruses.
C) protozoa.
D) bacteria.
E) archaea.

Question 26

The site in a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell where photosynthesis occurs is the

A) nucleus.
B) carotenoid.
C) mitochondria.
D) chloroplast.
E) Golgi.

Question 27

Gonyaulax

A) produces a protein neurotoxin AND is a dinoflagellate.
B) produces a non-protein neurotoxin AND is a dinoflagellate.
C) infects the nervous system of humans AND is a monoflagellate.
D) is a monoflagellate AND produces a non-protein neurotoxin.
E) produces a non-protein enterotoxin AND is a dinoflagellate.

Question 28

Protozoans are an important part of the food chain, ingesting large numbers of

A) fish and crabs.
B) bacteria and algae.
C) shellfish and algae.
D) other protozoans.
E) bacteria and fungi.

Question 29

Macroscopic algae possess a special structure that acts as an anchor and is commonly called

A) a thallus.
B) a holdfast.
C) roots.
D) the stipe.
E) the bladder.

Question 30

Fungi are important because of their ability to

A) help many plants grow.
B) cause disease in plants.
C) make certain foods and beverages.
D) spoil food.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 31

Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll include

A) protozoa AND yeasts.
B) algae AND yeasts.
C) protozoa AND cyanobacteria.
D) yeasts AND cyanobacteria.
E) algae AND archaea.

Question 32

Schizogony

A) means multiple fissions AND is performed by bacteria.
B) is performed by bacteria AND is performed by protozoa.
C) is performed by protozoa AND is a type of reproduction.
D) is a form of reproduction AND means multiple fissions.
E) means multiple fissions AND is performed by protozoa.

Question 33

The most necessary habitat requirement of protozoa is

A) moisture.
B) light.
C) heat.
D) UV light.
E) basic pH.

Question 34

Protozoan classification used to be based on their means of

A) locomotion.
B) growth.
C) reproduction.
D) obtaining nutrients.
E) causing disease.

Question 35

Agar is obtained from

A) bacteria.
B) algae.
C) protozoans.
D) plants.
E) yeasts.

Question 36

Sexual reproduction in algae involves meiosis that results in the production of

A) spores with twice as much DNA as the parental cells.
B) gametes with half the amount of DNA as in the parental cells.
C) spores with the same amount of DNA as the parental cells.
D) swarming cells with the same amount of DNA as the parental cells.
E) gametes with the same amount of DNA as in the parental cells.

Question 37

Fungi are important in

A) food production.
B) food spoilage.
C) production of antibiotics.
D) disease of plants.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Diatoms are algae whose silicon dioxide-containing shells are useful economically as

A) filters.
B) fertilizers.
C) stabilizers.
D) thickeners.
E) agar.

Question 39

Algae are important environmentally as

A) major producers of carbon dioxide.
B) major producers of oxygen.
C) local flora.
D) local contaminants.
E) supporting fungal growth.

Question 40

One of the organisms that may cause red tide is

A) green algae.
B) dinoflagellates.
C) brown algae.
D) euglenids.
E) diatoms.

Question 41

Protozoans are eukaryotes and as such will always possess a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Question 42

Nematodes

A) only infect aquatic plants.
B) may enter the gastrointestinal tract or the blood.
C) are carried by bacteria and fungi.
D) have flat, segmented bodies.
E) includes the trematodes.

Question 43

Which of the statements BEST describes tapeworms?

A) They have a complicated digestive system.
B) They do not have a digestive system.
C) They may be transmitted by eating undercooked meat.
D) They do not have a digestive system AND they may be transmitted by eating undercooked meat.
E) They have a complicated digestive system AND they may be transmitted by eating undercooked meat.

Question 44

Which are not arthropods?

A) Mosquitoes
B) Fleas
C) Lice
D) Ticks
E) Flukes

Question 45

Algae have a vascular system very similar to that found in plants.

Question 46

Fungi are often capable of locomotion through the use of flagella.

Question 47

Protozoans are usually multicellular and found in arid environments.

Question 48

Fungus grows well on fruits and many vegetables due to their alkaline pH.

Question 49

Lyme disease is transmitted by

A) ticks.
B) lice.
C) mosquitoes.
D) fleas.
E) bacteria.

Question 50

Slime molds and water molds are types of fungi.

Question 51

Convergent evolution

A) explains the morphological similarity yet major genetic differences found between slime molds and fungi.
B) refers to two different organisms that develop similar characteristics in adaptation to similar environments
C) refers to the one organism dividing into two AND refers to two different organisms that develop similar characteristics in adaptation to similar environments.
D) explains the morphological similarity yet major genetic differences found between slime molds and fungi AND refers to two different organisms that develop similar characteristics in adaptation to similar environments.
E) refers to one organism dividing into two AND explains the morphological similarity yet major genetic differences found between slime molds and fungi.

Question 52

Algae may directly infect humans and cause disease.

Question 53

Most of the medically important multicellular parasites are arthropods or helminths.

Question 54

When cellular slime molds run out of food, they form a

A) plasmodium.
B) slug.
C) myxamoeba.
D) rhizoid.
E) bladder.

Question 55

Pediculus humanus

A) only uses humans as a host AND is carried by mosquitoes.
B) only uses humans as a host AND can transmit a bacterial disease.
C) only infects feet AND can transmit a bacterial disease.
D) can transmit a bacterial disease AND only infects feet.
E) is an obligate intracellular parasite AND only uses humans as a host.

Question 56

Typically, arthropods serve as vectors of disease, while helminths directly cause disease.

Question 57

One of the greatest causes of human deaths through time has been due to

A) Giardia spp.
B) Histoplasma spp.
C) Plasmodium spp.
D) Trypanosoma spp.
E) Escherichia spp.

Question 58

Phthirus pubis

A) transmit bacterial disease.
B) cause "crabs."
C) infect the blood.
D) are transmitted by mosquitoes.
E) are biological vectors.

Question 59

Lice and mites

A) are both arachnids.
B) may both be spread by personal contact.
C) are intestinal parasites.
D) cause Lyme disease.
E) both cause respiratory illness.

Question 60

Fleas

A) may transmit Yersinia pestis.
B) may transmit Lyme disease.
C) may transmit a toxin.
D) have only one host-humans.
E) have only two hosts-cats and dogs.

Question 61

Are all fungi detrimental (bad) for other organisms?

A) Yes-think of molds that destroy plant crops, or fungal infections that cause athlete's foot. All fungi are bad for organisms they colonize.
B) Yes-fungi feed directly on organic material. They usually kill the other organism and feed on it after it has died. As such, they are always bad for other organisms.
C) No-it depends on the fungus and the relationship it has with the other organism. Some fungi can form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots that increases their nutrient and water absorption. This is good.
D) No-fungi are ALWAYS good when they interact with other organisms. There is never a negative aspect to such interactions. Both sides always benefit from the relationship.
E) Yes-fungi are generally parasitic. Parasitic relationships always result in damage to the host organism while the parasite benefits from the association. As such, fungi are always bad for other organisms.

Question 62

Why would it be more difficult to treat diseases in humans caused by members of the Eukarya than diseases caused by the Bacteria?

A) Multicellular organisms always have their own immune systems for protection, so any treatment we develop needs to overcome this built-in protection mechanism.
B) Since bacteria are so much simpler (being single-celled) than multi-cellular eukaryotic microbes, they are naturally easier to kill off.
C) Eukaryotic microbes use many of the same enzymes and systems as humans, so we lose the ability to target certain molecules that might be present ONLY in the cell type we want to eliminate. 
D) Eukaryotic microbes (unlike prokaryotes) often secrete compounds that breakdown and eliminate drugs used against them. This makes them much harder to effectively eliminate than bacteria.
E) Eukaryotic pathogens multiply much more effectively in a human host than bacterial pathogens do; they attain extremely high numbers in the host, making it very difficult to get rid of them.

Question 63

How does Ascaris lumbricoides, an intestinal parasite, cause choking and pulmonary symptoms in some people?

A) People inadvertently inhale Ascaris worms when they bring contaminated food close to their mouths; these cause pulmonary blockages.
B) Ingested Ascaris larvae penetrate intestinal capillaries, from where they are carried to the lungs, causing coughing and shortness of breath. 
C) Ascaris larvae are highly allergenic; when they are ingested, they cause an allergic reaction which includes coughing.
D) Ascaris is a pulmonary parasite; it only enters the intestine of people with other lung conditions, including asthma.
E) Ascaris, being anaerobic, form large cysts in pulmonary tissue; these accumulate in the lungs, causing coughing.

Question 64

Which are the three ways in which fungi cause illness in humans?
1) Hypersensitivity - person has allergic reaction to fungal components.
2) Intoxication - fungus produces a toxin that is ingested.
3) Immune suppression - fungus destroys all red blood cells.
4) Infection - fungus grows on body as a mycosis.

A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 2, 3, and 4
C) 1, 3, and 4
D) 4 only
E) 1, 2, and 4

Question 65

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is False?

A) All protozoa lack mitochondria.
B) Some protozoa are photosynthetic.
C) Some protozoa are parasitic.
D) Trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan.
E) Protozoa are unicellular organisms.

Question 66

Yersinia pestis is transmitted by fleas. The organism forms biofilms in the digestive tract of infected fleas, often blocking the tract. This prevents the flea from feeding properly, causing bacteria to be regurgitated into the bite wound that the flea has made. In this situation, the flea is a

A) mechanical vector.
B) biological vector.
C) mechanical host.
D) biological host.
E) dead-end host.

Question 67

Which of the following are characteristics of fungi?

A) They have a peptidoglycan cell wall AND they may be photosynthetic.
B) Their cell wall contains chitin AND they use nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter.
C) Their cell wall contains cellulose AND they use nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter.
D) Their cytoplasmic membrane contains ergesterol AND they are always multicellular.
E) They have a nuclear membrane AND their cell wall contains cellulose.

Question 68

Why would all protozoa be expected to require large amounts of water in their habitats?

A) Without being in water, they would quickly dehydrate (due to their small size) and die.
B) They require water to help them during photosynthesis by providing an electron source.
C) They require water to move around in to seek food particles and would be unable to move without water.
D) Without being in water, they would quickly undergo plasmolysis (due to their small size) and die.
E) None of the statements is correct.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a vector?

A) Flea
B) Mosquito
C) Tick
D) Fly
E) Water

Question 70

Which disease is INCORRECTLY matched with its arthropod vector?

A) Malaria-Anopheles mosquito
B) Plague-fleas
C) African sleeping sickness-sand fly
D) Lyme disease-ticks
E) Dengue fever-mosquitoes

Question 71

Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rod. It is non-motile and grows best at 28°C. Because you are a microbiology student, you know that the organism is

A) a mesophile that grows best in the presence of oxygen but can also grow without it.
B) a psychrophile that grows best in the presence of oxygen but can also grow without it.
C) a psychrophile that grows best without oxygen but can also grow when oxygen is present.
D) a mesophile that grows best without oxygen but can also grow when oxygen is present.
E) a mesophile that cannot grow when oxygen is present.

Question 72

Which of the statements regarding Naegleria fowleri is False?

A) It is a small, Gram-negative, flagellated diplococcus.
B) It is swims though water as a flagellated form.
C) Once in a human host, it assumes an amoeboid form.
D) It causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (brain eating disease).
E) It forms a cyst under adverse environmental conditions.

Question 73

Which of the following are diseases caused by protozoa?

A) Giardiasis, malaria, AND trichinellosis.
B) Giardiasis, malaria, AND toxoplasmosis.
C) Amebiasis, malaria, AND plague.
D) Schistosomiasis, amebiasis, AND primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
E) Dengue fever, malaria, AND plague.

Question 74

How would increased travel lead to increased spread of multicellular eukaryotic parasites?

A) Many eukaryotic parasites are transmitted directly from person to person via airborne transmission, so getting an infected individual onto a plane of susceptible individuals would increase spread.
B) Many eukaryotic parasites depend on vectors (often small blood-sucking insects) for transmission, so moving an infected individual into an area with new vectors and new susceptible humans would increase spread.
C) It really would NOT; most individuals are screened for parasitic infections prior to traveling out of highly infected areas. We also have quarantine abilities at customs stations for individuals entering the United States.
D) Eukaryotic parasites are too small to travel great distances effectively; by hitching a ride on luggage, clothing, fruit/vegetables, and other food products, they can enter new geographic areas.
E) Traveling generally weakens a person's immune system, making them vulnerable to parasitic eukaryotes in any new place that they visit.

Question 75

Please select the INCORRECT statement regarding helminths and the diseases they cause.

A) Some helminths are inadvertently eaten with food. For example, eating undercooked pork containing Trichinella spiralis larvae is the most common cause of trichinellosis.
B) Some helminths are transmitted through insect bites. For example, Wuchereria bancrofti, the cause of elephantiasis, is transmitted by mosquitoes.
C) Some helminths are inadvertently ingested. For example, Onchocerca volvulus, the cause of River blindness, is transmitted by drinking contaminated water or eating fish carrying this parasite.
D) Some helminths burrow into people. For example, immature forms of hookworm larvae live in the soil and can burrow through human skin.
E) Sometime helminth eggs are ingested on the surface of contaminated foods. For example, pinworm eggs (Enterobius vermicularis) may be transmitted a food surface.

Question 76

Why were the slime molds and water molds once considered to be fungi?

A) Early identification methods focused on appearances rather than biochemical characteristics.
B) Early identification methods focused on appearances rather than genetic similarities/differences.
C) Water molds and slime molds are STILL considered to be fungi.
D) They have the same material in their cell walls (chitin) that fungi possess.
E) Water molds and slime molds always occur in the same habitats as fungi.

Question 77

Which of the following statements regarding tapeworms is False?

A) They absorb nutrients from the host's gut through their skin.
B) A single worm contains broth male and female reproductive organs.
C) They complete their life cycle in a single host.
D) They can sometimes cause neurological signs and symptoms in the host.
E) They do not have a digestive system.

Question 78

Select the True statement regarding algae.

A) Although most algae have a cellulose/pectin cell wall, some algae lack a cell wall.
B) Some algae can directly cause infectious diseases in humans and other animals.
C) Algae are plants and therefore possess a highly organized vascular system.
D) Algae are generally saprophytic, living off dead and decaying matter.
E) Algae always reproduce sexually, producing both haploid and diploid generations.

Question 79

What is a definitive host in the life cycle of a parasite?

A) An organism in which asexual reproduction or an immature form of a parasite occurs.
B) An organism in which either sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction of the parasite occurs.
C) An organism in which sexual reproduction or the adult form of a parasite occurs.
D) An organism in which the parasite multiplies asexually, without causing any damage to the host.
E) An organism from which a parasite typically is not passed to another host, so that the parasite cannot complete its life cycle.

Question 80

Which of the following definitions is CORRECT? 

A) Saprophytes-organisms that take in nutrients from dead and decaying matter.
B) Mycelium-thread-like structure that characterizes the growth of most fungi and some bacterial species.
C) Zooplankton-microscopic free-floating photosynthetic organisms.
D) Kinetoplastids-a group of protozoa that penetrate host cells by means of a structure called an apical complex.
E) Proglottids-short, non-segmented, bilaterally symmetrical flatworms.