Deck 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a primary sex characteristic?

A) developing breast
B) pubic hair
C) underarm hair
D) seminal vesicles

Answer 1

D

Question 2

At what age does the average boy begin the adolescent growth spurt?

A) age 12
B) age 13
C) age 14
D) age 15

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following control puberty through a complex feedback loop?

A) the thalamus, hypothalamus, and reticular formation
B) the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, and hormones
C) the frontal lobe, the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the brainstem
D) the cerebral cortex, the gonads, the cerebellum, and the angular gyrus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Gina and David are both 12 years old.Given what we know about adolescent height and weight growth spurts, what do you expect to find regarding Gina and David?

A) David is taller than Gina.
B) Gina is taller than David.
C) David weighs more than Gina.
D) Both have the same height and weight; neither has entered into height or weight growth spurts.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the timing of the adolescent growth spurt begins?

A) Girls start earlier.
B) Boys start earlier.
C) The timing depends on parental height.
D) The timing depends on the degree of physical activity.

Question 6

According to contemporary research, adolescence is now viewed as a time of which of the following?

A) storm and stress
B) relative stability
C) immense unhappiness
D) biological, cognitive, social, and emotional changes

Question 7

At what age does the average girl begin the adolescent growth spurt?

A) age 9½
B) age 10½
C) age 11½
D) age 12½

Question 8

Which of the following is a sex hormone?

A) androgen
B) indogen
C) endogen
D) oxytocin

Question 9

During adolescence, what do girls gain almost twice as much of, compared with boys?

A) fatty tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) height
D) weight

Question 10

What is the function of the gonads?

A) They secrete oxytocin.
B) They produce sex hormones.
C) They deactivate the hypothalamus.
D) They signal the pituitary gland.

Question 11

Girls and boys reach their periods of peak growth in height after the growth spurt begins.How long after the growth spurt is peak growth reached?

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 years
D) 4 years

Question 12

According to the textbook, when was adolescence first recognized as a distinct stage of human development?

A) when Freud developed the first human development theory
B) in the 19th century by European North Americans
C) in 1904 by Stanley Hall
D) in the 1960s by Eric Erickson

Question 13

Who referred to adolescence as a time of "storm and stress"?

A) Hall
B) Freud
C) Piaget
D) Erikson

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of asynchronous growth?

A) the early onset of puberty
B) the head reaching peak size before the torso
C) the shoulders and chest reaching peak growth before the legs
D) the hands and feet reaching peak growth before the arms and legs

Question 15

Of the following countries, which country can brag that it has the highest average height for men?

A) Canada
B) India
C) Netherlands
D) United States

Question 16

Jean has a relatively larger proportion of fatty tissue than muscle.What can we reasonably infer from this information?

A) Jean is male.
B) Jean is obese.
C) Jean is female.
D) Jean is consuming an unbalanced diet.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A) breast development
B) testes development
C) maturation of the fallopian tubes
D) seminal vesicles

Question 18

Jim and John are both 17, and both are 180 cm tall.What can we conclude about Jim and John and their growth spurts?

A) They both experienced the growth spurt late.
B) They both experienced the growth spurt early.
C) They are very likely to be biologically related.
D) We know nothing about the growth spurts of these young men.

Question 19

Which of the following are NOT areas in which adolescents must face changes?

A) emotional areas
B) social areas
C) physical areas
D) educational areas

Question 20

What is the relationship between the timing of the growth spurt and height at maturity?

A) Children who spurt early tend to be long-legged.
B) Children who spurt late tend to be short-legged.
C) Children with stable growth patterns during early and middle childhood will abruptly experience growth spurt in adolescence.
D) Those who spurt early tend to end up taller at maturity.

Question 21

What is considered to be the first noticeable sign of puberty in males?

A) deepening of the voice
B) accelerated growth of the testes
C) accelerated growth of the penis
D) appearance of underarm hair

Question 22

Why do men aged 20 to 21 stop growing taller?

A) Testosterone causes epiphyseal closure.
B) The hypothalamus triggers a reduction in cortisol production.
C) The thalamus signals a reduction in the development of calcium.
D) The production of estrogen keeps the bones from growing any longer.

Question 23

Which of the following appears to NOT trigger the production of higher levels of estrogen associated with the initiation of puberty in girls?

A) a certain body weight
B) the effects of excessive estrogen
C) fat cells secreting a protein that signals the brain
D) a particular amount of body fat

Question 24

Which of the following is a trigger in the development of acne?

A) excess stress
B) production of testosterone
C) poor hygiene during adolescence
D) eating sweet foods such as chocolate

Question 25

What term refers to an adolescent boy experiencing temporary enlargement of the breasts?

A) endomastisis
B) gynecomastia
C) epiphyseal closure
D) mammary engorgement

Question 26

Chris has matured early.Other youth gather around and admire Chris.Which of the following can we guess about Chris?

A) Chris is most likely male.
B) Chris is most likely female.
C) Chris must live in a country other than Canada.
D) Chris must have experienced a great deal of childhood stress.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best describes girls' development at puberty?

A) The pituitary gland signals the ovaries to significantly increase estrogen production.
B) Androgens stimulate growth of the breasts.
C) Estrogen levels determine the darkness and amount of facial hair.
D) Estrogen causes the clitoris to develop.

Question 28

What stops the female growth spurt during adolescence?

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) the onset of menstruation
D) completion of breast development

Question 29

Jason has notices that his penis has just gone through a growth spurt.According to the textbook what other bodily changes has Jason likely already experienced?

A) accelerated growth of the testes
B) accelerated growth of the testes and underarm hair
C) facial hair and underarm hair
D) voice deepening

Question 30

At what age on average, do adolescent girls' breasts begin to enlarge then typically reach their full size?

A) age 9 to 13½
B) age 9 to 14½
C) age 10 to 12½
D) age 10 to 14½

Question 31

What regulates the menstrual cycle?

A) phases of the month that coincide with lunar phases
B) increases and decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels
C) the presence or absence of androgens
D) fat cells secreting a protein that signals the brain

Question 32

Precocious puberty (PP) is happening more often in Canada.What is PP?

A) the onset of puberty before age 5 or 6 in girls, and before age 7 in boys
B) the onset of puberty before age 7 or 8 in girls, and before age 9 in boys
C) the onset of puberty before age 9 or 10 in girls, and before age 11 in boys
D) the onset of puberty before after 12 or 13 in girls, and before age 14 in boys

Question 33

Of the following countries, which country can brag that it has the highest average height for women?

A) Canada
B) India
C) Philippines
D) United States

Question 34

What is dysmenorrhea?

A) the onset of breast growth (budding)
B) the discharge of clear white fluid from the vagina
C) menstrual pain
D) a specific odour produced by the sweat glands at the onset of puberty

Question 35

Which of the following best represents the occurrence of the secular trend in height and weight?

A) It is found in every country in the world.
B) It is beginning to disappear in all countries.
C) It has been documented in Canada only.
D) It has been documented in Canada and in nearly all European countries.

Question 36

What causes the vagina to develop during puberty?

A) the pituitary gland
B) the adrenal glands
C) estrogen
D) genetics

Question 37

What term refers to the first menstruation?

A) menarche
B) initial period
C) nocturnal emission
D) menstrual activation

Question 38

What causes the clitoris to develop during puberty?

A) the pituitary gland
B) androgens
C) the amygdala
D) the adrenal glands

Question 39

Which of the following best represents the secular trend?

A) The onset of puberty occurs later than in past generations.
B) There has been a historical trend toward increasing adult height.
C) Individuals having a longer life span than those in previous generations.
D) Growth rates are culturally driven, depending on religious and cultural lifestyle and diet.

Question 40

What is the function of menstruation?

A) to prepare the uterus for childbirth
B) to slough off the endometrium
C) to increase the temperature in the ovaries so the ova can ripen
D) to cleanse the uterus to prepare it for implantation of an ovum

Question 41

Which of the following phrases best captures Western thoughts about female body shape?

A) What you see is what you get.
B) Muscles matter.
C) Slim is in.
D) Height is revered.

Question 42

Which of the following is associated with early maturation in boys?

A) intellectual deficits
B) enhanced self-worth
C) increased immaturity
D) childhood stress levels

Question 43

What is the relationship between gender and the likelihood of dieting and of developing eating disorders?

A) Males are more likely to diet and to develop eating disorders.
B) Females are more likely to diet and to develop eating disorders.
C) Males and females are equally likely to diet and to develop eating disorders.
D) Males are more likely to diet, whereas females are more likely to develop eating disorders.

Question 44

What does Canada's Food Guide recommend for the adolescent female?

A) five servings of fruits and vegetables, five servings of grains, three to four servings
Of milk and milk alternatives, and two servings of meat and meat alternatives
B) five servings of fruits and vegetables, six servings of grains, four to five servings
Of milk and milk alternatives, and two servings of meat and meat alternatives
C) six servings of fruits and vegetables, six servings of grains, three to four servings
Of milk and milk alternatives, and three servings of meat and meat alternatives
D) seven servings of fruits and vegetables; six servings of grains, three to four servings
Of milk and milk alternatives, and two servings of meat and meat alternatives

Question 45

What is the pace of adolescent physical growth?

A) It occurs more rapidly than at any point after birth, except for the first year of life.
B) It is slower than growth during early childhood.
C) It slows down and does NOT require additional calories despite the visual physical changes.
D) It is steady and even for both genders until the late teen years.

Question 46

Jan is having trouble getting a date because Jan is taller than adolescents of the opposite sex.Which of the following are we most likely to assume about Jan?

A) Jan is most likely a male.
B) Jan is most likely a female.
C) Jan is most likely from a country other than Canada.
D) Jan is considered a late bloomer

Question 47

Which of the following statements describes adolescents' nutritional needs?

A) Adolescents need twice as much calcium as adults need, but only half as much vitamin A.
B) Adolescents often do NOT receive as much nutrition as they need.
C) Adolescents need fewer vitamins and minerals compared with young children.
D) Adolescents require less calcium as adults, but more iron.

Question 48

What term refers to a progressive loss of bone?

A) menopause
B) osteoporosis
C) progressive bone disease
D) calcium deficiency syndrome

Question 49

How are parents most likely to respond to an early maturing girl?

A) They may become more restrictive and vigilant.
B) The response depends upon the ethnicity of the parents.
C) They treat them as if they are younger than they actually are.
D) They treat them as if they were adults because they look grown up.

Question 50

Which of the following distinguishes late-maturing boys from early maturing boys?

A) They may feel dominated by early maturing boys.
B) They are intellectually superior to early maturing boys.
C) They experience more benefits than early maturing boys.
D) They tend to have poorer senses of humour than early maturing boys.

Question 51

What disorder is characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and is accompanied by a disgust for food?

A) anorexia
B) bulimia
C) nervosa
D) enuresis

Question 52

Unintentional injury is the number one cause of death for adolescents.Approximately what percentage of adolescent deaths each year result from unintentional injury?

A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 55%
D) 75%

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of early maturing girls?

A) They exhibit a heightened increase in concern over their body shape.
B) They have lower levels of depression than later-maturing girls.
C) They are less likely to engage in sexual activity than later-maturing girls.
D) They have higher self-esteem than later-maturing girls.

Question 54

Which of the following best characterizes early maturing girls, compared with later-maturing girls?

A) They have higher self-esteem than later-maturing girls.
B) They achieve higher grades than their later-maturing counterparts.
C) They have fewer conduct problems than later-maturing girls.
D) They more likely to engage in sexual activity than later-maturing girls.

Question 55

What is the self-image of most adolescent males?

A) They are satisfied with their bodies.
B) They would like to lose weight.
C) They would like to build their muscle mass by adding weight.
D) They would generally like to be taller.

Question 56

How does the self-image of 18-year-old girls compare with the self-image of 18-year-old boys?

A) The girls are less likely to diet than the boys.
B) The girls report lower levels of depression than the boys.
C) The girls report more negative body images than the boys.
D) The girls report higher levels of body satisfaction than the boys.

Question 57

What does Canada's Food Guide recommend for the adolescent male?

A) five servings of fruits and vegetables, six servings of grains, two servings of milk and milk alternatives, and three servings of meat and meat alternatives
B) six servings of fruits and vegetables, seven servings of grains, three to four servings of milk and milk alternatives, and two servings of meat and meat alternatives
C) eight servings of fruits and vegetables, seven servings of grains, three to four servings of milk and milk alternatives, and three servings of meat and meat alternatives
D) ten servings of fruits and vegetables, seven servings of grains, three to four servings of milk and milk alternatives, and four servings of meat and meat alternatives

Question 58

Which of the following account for the greatest percentage of unintentional deaths among adolescents?

A) car accidents
B) suicides
C) unintentional drug overdoses
D) undetected heart defects

Question 59

According to the textbook, which of the following statements best characterizes most North American adolescents?

A) They are healthy.
B) They will likely contemplate suicide.
C) They will die before reaching middle adulthood.
D) They will suffer from at least one serious infectious disease.

Question 60

Which of the following best characterizes boys who mature early?

A) They experience only positive implications of early maturation.
B) They are more likely to be aggressive and delinquent.
C) They tend NOT to be as bright as later-maturing boys.
D) They tend to be less popular with their peers but more valued by adults.

Question 61

Jennifer has bulimia.When is she most likely to experience binge eating?

A) following food restriction, such as dieting
B) following physical exercise
C) prior to a date
D) following an emotionally painful experience

Question 62

Kelly has been diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa.Which of the following is a major factor of her eating disorder?

A) denial and distortion
B) denial and depression
C) distortion and anxiety
D) anxiety and depression

Question 63

According to Piaget, what stage represents the most advanced level of thinking?

A) the sensorimotor stage
B) the preoperational stage
C) the formal operations stage
D) the concrete operations stage

Question 64

Which of the following statements best characterizes bulimia?

A) It is another name for anorexia.
B) It is related to irregular menstrual cycles.
C) It is an eating disorder found more often in men than in women.
D) It affects older women more often than adolescents or young women.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of bulimia?

A) depression
B) strict dieting
C) overuse of laxatives
D) constipation

Question 66

In grades 9 and 10, what percentage of boys reported steroid use, according to a 2002 study?

A) 4%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 12%

Question 67

Jane has been struggling with anorexia.According to your textbook, what percentage of her weight could Jane have lost over the course of the past year?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 68

Mary is a grade 10 student.According to Canadian statistics, what is the likelihood she thinks she is "too fat"?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 69

In formal-operational thought, which of the following concepts do adolescents discover?

A) "who is"
B) "what was"
C) "what might be"
D) "how was"

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a major achievement of formal operational thinking?

A) conservation
B) classification
C) logical thought
D) hypothetical thought

Question 71

Alexis realizes that she does NOT need to believe in the truth or justice of something in order to argue for it.Which of the following can we assume about Alexis?

A) She is in the stage of formal operations.
B) She is likely to be 10 years old.
C) She is in the stage of concrete operations.
D) She is in the stage of abstract operations.

Question 72

Which question type is involved in concrete operational thinking?

A) What is?
B) What might be?
C) Why?
D) When?

Question 73

Which of the following statements best characterizes formal operations?

A) The concept was proposed by Erikson.
B) Most people reach this stage by age 7 or 8.
C) It is a stage in Jean Piaget's theory.
D) It is generally achieved by age 25, following the development of the cerebrum.

Question 74

Which activity is NOT associated with formal-operational thinking?

A) classifying objects and ideas
B) hypothesizing
C) using deductive reasoning
D) being imaginative

Question 75

What is the approximate mortality rate for girls with anorexia?

A) 1 to 2%
B) 2 to 3%
C) 4 to 5%
D) 6 to 7%

Question 76

Which of the following best characterizes females who have anorexia?

A) They are uncommon.
B) They tend to be of lower socioeconomic status.
C) They can lose 25% or more of their body weight in one year.
D) They show no other health indicators other than their weight loss.

Question 77

Which question involves hypothetical thinking?

A) Who is?
B) What might be?
C) Where?
D) Why?

Question 78

What eating disorder is characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging?

A) anorexia
B) bulimia
C) nervosa
D) enuresis

Question 79

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a characteristic of eating disorders?

A) Eating disorders may have cultural influences.
B) Eating disorders are linked to adolescence beliefs that others are concerned with their appearance.
C) Eating disorders may involve genetic components.
D) Eating disorders are associated with those tested in the gifted IQ range.

Question 80

What activity is a defining characteristic of a person who has bulimia?

A) excessive dieting
B) excessive exercising
C) binge eating and purging
D) preoccupation with food