Deck 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

What is the relationship between gender and the decline of fertility during early adulthood?

A) It declines for women, but NOT for men.
B) It declines gradually for both men and women.
C) It declines dramatically for both men and women.
D) It declines gradually for women, but rapidly for men.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following distinguishes hearing ability during early adulthood?

A) It is best for high-pitched tones.
B) It is much weaker than during adolescence.
C) It tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s.
D) It improves dramatically over hearing during adolescence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the effect of adaptive thermogenesis?

A) It explains why obese people frequently feel hot.
B) It explains why all obese people are so overweight.
C) It causes skinny people to become obese during adulthood.
D) It may hinder weight-loss attempts in some overweight people.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How is the capacity of the cardiovascular system affected during early adulthood?

A) It does NOT change at all.
B) Its changes include a decreasing ability of the heart to pump, but continued peak performance of the lungs.
C) It may be aided by exercise.
D) Lower cardiovascular output is NOT uncommon.

Question 5

Josh's vision and hearing are at their peak; he has reached his final height, has his highest level of muscle mass, and is as strong as he will ever be.What stage is Josh most likely at?

A) late childhood
B) teen years
C) early adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 6

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of emerging adulthood, a new recognized period of development?

A) It occurs between ages 16 and 20.
B) It occurs between ages 18 and 25.
C) It is experienced only by those in lower socioeconomic groups.
D) It occurs at a lower age for those who go to college or university compared with those who do not.

Question 7

What changes occur in the skin during early adulthood?

A) The skin becomes more elastic.
B) The skin changes more for women than for men.
C) The skin changes more for men than for women.
D) The skin becomes less elastic if subjected to excessive sun exposure.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes physical changes during early adulthood?

A) Physical declines occur slowly.
B) There is an acceleration of physical decline.
C) Physical changes cannot be affected by exercise.
D) The immune system rapidly diminishes its ability to fight off infections.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes most people's level of physical development in early adulthood?

A) It is at its peak.
B) It is only a matter of decline.
C) It is at its lowest point since childhood.
D) It is the same as during early adolescence.

Question 10

Which of the following best characterizes heart disease and cancer among young adults?

A) Heart disease and cancer kill more young adults than any other causes of death.
B) Heart disease and cancer are more common among young adult women than young adult men.
C) Heart disease and cancer are less common than accidents as causes of death during early adulthood.
D) Heart disease and cancer are dependent upon genetics and personal lifestyle.

Question 11

Which of the following best characterizes the notion of adulthood?

A) It is rapid.
B) It is piecemeal.
C) It is unchanged in the last four decades.
D) It is determined by what one does rather than how old one is.

Question 12

Megan is 38 years old and her older sister, Wanda, is 42 years old.Both are interested in starting a family, but wonder whether their age presents any risks.Which of the following statements is their physician most likely to say?

A) Women should avoid pregnancy after age 35 because of the high risk of problems.
B) Women in their late 30s and early 40s rarely have fertility problems.
C) Women in their late 30s and early 40s may have a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova.
D) Women who participate in good health practices can remain as fertile as those in their 20s.

Question 13

Which of the following physical changes is typically experienced toward the end of early adulthood?

A) Hearing becomes extremely poor.
B) Most women are completely infertile.
C) Most men experience a rapid decline in virility.
D) Cancer rates become higher for women than men.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes emerging adulthood?

A) It occurs between early and middle adulthood.
B) It cannot be afforded by everyone in North America.
C) It occurs less frequently today than it did 50 years ago.
D) It requires that individuals be economically independent.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes adulthood?

A) It is defined by age.
B) It occurs earlier today than in previous decades.
C) It is determined only after an individual has had children.
D) It involves determining one's values and becoming financially independent.

Question 16

What are the leading causes of death during early adulthood?

A) HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death.
B) Accidents and suicide are the leading causes of death.
C) Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death.
D) Homicides and heart disease are the predominant causes of death for men.

Question 17

What is the effect of parental age on chromosomal problems in their offspring?

A) Only women's age contributes to chromosomal problems of offspring.
B) Only men's age contributes to chromosomal problems of offspring.
C) Both men's and women's age contribute to chromosomal problems of offspring.
D) Older women but NOT older men contribute to chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 18

Which of the following statements characterizes sensory abilities during early adulthood?

A) Most people are farsighted during early adulthood.
B) Vision declines sharply by the late 20s or early 30s.
C) Vision and hearing do NOT decline at all during early adulthood.
D) Hearing of high pitches tends to decline in the late 20s or early 30s.

Question 19

Which of the following defines individuals who are in the emerging adulthood stage?

A) They typically do NOT recognize themselves as such.
B) They are younger today than they were a generation ago.
C) They consider this stage to be an insult to their status as adults.
D) They recognize that they are NOT adolescents and NOT yet truly adults.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes early adulthood?

A) It is the same as emerging adulthood.
B) It occurs later for women than for men.
C) It occurs at the same time for all people.
D) It has the main task of establishing careers or pathways in life.

Question 21

When deciding to exercise, what is the most effective method to get started?

A) building activity into your daily routine
B) setting aside two hours a day for your exercise routine
C) exercising vigorously an hour and a half per day, 7 days a week
D) consuming 1,000 calories per day to make the most effective use of the exercise regiment

Question 22

According to the 2007-09 Canadian Health Measures Survey, approximately what percentage of young men are considered overweight?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 55%

Question 23

Which of following statements is NOT ACCURATE about alcohol?

A) It is related to accidents and assaults.
B) It is a depressant.
C) The DSM-IV defines dubstance abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use occurring within a 4-month period.
D) It is increases the levels of antidepressant neurotransmitters in the brain.

Question 24

Which of the following describes alcohol?

A) It is a barbiturate.
B) It is an intoxicant.
C) It is a stimulant.
D) It is a hallucinogen.

Question 25

A mother learns that her son has been taking stimulants.Which of the following is a substance abuse expert most likely to tell her about stimulants?

A) They include alcohol and opiates.
B) They slow the body's metabolism.
C) They are NOT as addictive as depressants.
D) They accelerate the heart and constrict the arteries.

Question 26

Jolene has developed a tolerance for a drug.What is the effect for Jolene?

A) She must take less of the drug each day to avoid overdosing.
B) She is unlikely to become addicted to the drug.
C) She may need increasingly larger quantities of the drug to experience the same effects.
D) She was prescribed one form of drug to reduce her dependency on another.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?

A) nicotine
B) cocaine
C) ecstasy
D) amphetamines

Question 28

What is the relationship between physical activity and better health outcomes?

A) Physical activity has positive improvements only for cardiovascular health.
B) No amounts of physical activity are known to increase health.
C) To improve health, adults must have 30-minute segments of physical activity.
D) To be healthy, adults must have at least 30 minutes of physical activity five days a week.

Question 29

Jordan loves taking hallucinogens and made a list his favourites.Which of the following would NOT appear on his list?

A) PCP
B) cocaine
C) LSD
D) ecstasy

Question 30

Which of the following best defines substance abuse?

A) It is rare during early adulthood; most give it up before that time of life.
B) It refers to the ingestion of all form of curative drugs.
C) It is all-consuming, negatively affecting a person socially, occupationally, physically, and psychologically.
D) It results from years of steroid use and preoccupation with the ideal body.

Question 31

Alcohol and codeine are examples of which of the following substances?

A) narcotics
B) stimulants
C) depressants
D) hallucinogens

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT characterize physical exercise?

A) It may improve cardiovascular health.
B) It may enhance one's sense of well-being.
C) It may be easily incorporated into one's daily routine.
D) It may be used instead of antidepressant medications.

Question 33

How do obese men and women metabolize food compared with those who are NOT obese?

A) Obese men, NOT women, metabolize food more slowly.
B) Obese women, NOT men, metabolize food more slowly.
C) Both men and women metabolize food more slowly.
D) Both men and women metabolize food more quickly.

Question 34

Joe learns his son has a substance abuse problem.Joe wants to learn more about substance abuse but is confused by all the terms.Which of the following would an expert in substance abuse be most likely to tell Joe?

A) Substance dependence and substance tolerance are the same.
B) Tolerance of a substance is rare for those in early adulthood.
C) Substance dependence means that having it in the body has become the norm.
D) Abstinence syndrome occurs only when someone quits using a substance altogether.

Question 35

According to the 2007-09 Canadian Health Measures Survey, approximately what percentage of young women are considered overweight?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 36

Which of the following best characterizes the effects of exercise?

A) Cardiovascular exercise has been documented to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease if there is family history.
B) If done improperly, it can increase the risk of certain cancers, such as colon cancer.
C) It can only be effective if done vigorously every day.
D) It may reduce the risk of specific illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Question 37

Which of the following best characterizes obesity?

A) It cannot be avoided.
B) It decreases during early adulthood.
C) It may involve adaptive mechanisms.
D) It is caused by biological factors alone.

Question 38

John has been drinking with his friends for the past two hours and has consumed seven bottles of beer.He is intoxicated.What effect has the alcohol had on John?

A) It has depressed John's para-sympathetic nervous system.
B) It has increased John's inhibitions.
C) It has impaired John's concentration.
D) It has enhanced John's perception.

Question 39

Which of the following best characterizes the occurrence of alcohol abuse?

A) It is rare among adults in early adulthood.
B) It occurs only if one experiences "blackouts."
C) It occurs more frequently among older adults than younger adults.
D) It occurs when activities or work are missed because of alcohol's effects.

Question 40

Which of the following best characterizes healthy behaviours in early adulthood?

A) They are at their peak during early adulthood.
B) They are lacking for many during early adulthood.
C) They are NOT important during early adulthood, which is the time of peak abilities.
D) They are lacking for women, but NOT for men.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is ACCURATE about sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

A) HIV/AIDS is the most widely spread STI.
B) Chlamydia, which is widespread among college and university students, may cause infertility.
C) No prevention is available for the human papillomavirus.
D) Gonorrhea, once a concern, has been seldom diagnosed in the last 20 years.

Question 42

You notice your neighbour is flying the "gay pride" flag.What colour will you NOT see on the flag?

A) red
B) orange
C) royal blue
D) black

Question 43

Which of the following statements describes sexually transmitted infections?

A) They have both visible and visible symptoms.
B) They are rarely problematic over the long run for the person who is infected.
C) They can all be treated with antibiotics.
D) Chlamydia was once widespread but has been reduced significantly in college and university students.

Question 44

Which of the following statements best characterizes Canadians' experience of stress?

A) Stress has no physical effects on young adults.
B) Twenty-five percent of Canadians report having few stresses in life.
C) Of all adults, those during early adulthood report having the most stress.
D) Younger adults are more likely than older adults to respond to stress in unhealthy ways.

Question 45

What percentage of Canadian youth and young adults described their mental health as being very good or excellent?

A) less than 50%
B) 51 to 64%
C) 65 to 76%
D) more than 77%

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections?

A) multiple partners
B) sexual assault
C) failure to use condoms
D) drug and alcohol abuse

Question 47

According to the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, what percentage of Canadians will have at least one HPV infection in their lifetime?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 55%
D) 75%

Question 48

Which of the following best characterizes menstrual problems?

A) They are rare for women.
B) They typically involve severe symptoms.
C) They are primarily caused by psychological problems.
D) They include amenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome.

Question 49

When surveyed, what did Canadians identify as the two areas of their lives that were most negatively affected by stress?

A) sleep quality, then personal health
B) personal health, then quality of work,
C) sleep quality, then home or family life
D) home or family life, then personal health

Question 50

Which of the following best characterizes the theories of sexual orientation?

A) They are studied more frequently than other theories in human development.
B) They examine the roles of nature and nurture on sexual orientation.
C) They agree that nature is more important than nurture in determining one's sexual orientation.
D) They agree that nurture is more important than nature in determining one's sexual orientation.

Question 51

Sam's friends are planning to get together to take ecstasy.To prepare himself, Sam reads up about substances such as ecstasy.Which of the following does he learn about these substances?

A) They are NOT addictive.
B) They include alcohol and heroin.
C) They are NOT harmful to the body.
D) They may impair coordination and memory.

Question 52

Which of the following best characterizes overdoses from cocaine?

A) They are rare.
B) They cause death.
C) They may cause insomnia, tremors, and death.
D) They cannot occur because most people ingest very few active ingredients.

Question 53

Which of the following statements does NOT describe nicotine?

A) It is a stimulant.
B) It is addictive.
C) It is the addictive component of tobacco.
D) It is a depressant.

Question 54

In 2009, what percentage of positive HIV tests in Canada were among young adults aged 20 to 29?

A) 18%
B) 22%
C) 38%
D) 42%

Question 55

Josh has just walked into a medical facility with the following symptoms: spiking blood pressure, increased heart rate, and his blood is thickening.What substance is most likely Josh's drug of choice?

A) opium
B) heroin
C) alcohol
D) cocaine

Question 56

Which of the following best characterizes LSD?

A) It is considered a stimulant.
B) It has the same effects on the body as alcohol.
C) It may lead to risky behaviours, such as unprotected sex.
D) It has been shown to be safe to ingest in moderate quantities.

Question 57

Jane and John are young Canadians who both have the most commonly occurring STI in Canada.What do they have?

A) gonorrhea
B) chlamydia
C) genital warts
D) genital herpes

Question 58

Which of the following best characterizes sexuality during early adulthood?

A) Sexual opportunities are less common than during later adulthood.
B) Sexual activity is less common than during adolescence.
C) Those in early adulthood may still be under the influence of sex hormones that flooded them during adolescence.
D) Sexual orientation and age determine the frequency of sexual activity.

Question 59

Which of the following best represents the research findings on how sexual orientation is determined?

A) Genetic factors may be involved in determining one's sexual orientation.
B) Environment typically affects one's sexual orientation.
C) Although sex hormones determine when one will have sex, they are unrelated to with whom one will have sex.
D) A combination of cultural attitudes and parenting determine one's sexual orientation.

Question 60

According to a Statistics Canada (2009a) survey, how did number of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals who experienced discrimination compare with the number of heterosexuals who experienced discrimination?

A) Two times more gays, lesbians, and bisexuals experienced discrimination.
B) Three times more gays, lesbians, and bisexuals experienced discrimination.
C) Ten times more gays, lesbians, and bisexuals experienced discrimination.
D) Twelve times more gays, lesbians, and bisexuals experienced discrimination.

Question 61

Which of the following best describes premenstrual symptoms?

A) They are rarely severe.
B) They can be severe.
C) They may impair social, academic, or occupational functioning.
D) They are unrelated to fluctuations in hormones or neurotransmitters.

Question 62

According to research findings, what was found to be the effect of college on cognitive development?

A) No difference was found in thought processes of those who attended college and those who did NOT attend college.
B) Mature thought was found to evolve from independent and lecture-style instructional teaching.
C) Broadened experiences and interactions with faculty were found to encourage cognitive development.
D) Attending college was found to be essential to nurture Piaget's fifth stage of cognitive development.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT cited as potential treatment for premenstrual symptoms?

A) surgery
B) dietary controls
C) hormone treatments
D) exercise

Question 64

What is NOT a factor that may encourage sexual assault?

A) Some may believe that women who say "no" really mean "yes."
B) Some may believe that women want to be overpowered by men and forced into sex.
C) Some may believe that women who dress a certain way are "just asking to be sexually assaulted."
D) Some think a single women's behaviour may encourage sexual assault more so than women in committed relationships.

Question 65

How do the thoughts of young adults differ from the thoughts of adolescents?

A) They are more abstract.
B) They are less egocentric.
C) They are more egocentric.
D) They are more hypothetical.

Question 66

Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive decline during adulthood?

A) It rarely affects either crystallized or fluid intelligence, just memory.
B) It affects crystallized intelligence more than fluid intelligence.
C) It affects fluid intelligence more than crystallized intelligence.
D) It affects crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence equally.

Question 67

Which of the following best characterizes Labouvie-Vief's (2006) theory of pragmatic thought?

A) It has NOT been supported by research.
B) It explains why people settle for second best in life.
C) It suggests mature thought involves compromises and practicalities.
D) It promotes higher education as a means to achieve mature reasoned thought.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is ACCURATE about the occurrence of sexual harassment?

A) It must involve physical contact.
B) It is rarely blamed on the victim.
C) It makes one's environment a hostile place.
D) It is usually taken seriously by one's co-workers or peers.

Question 69

Which of the following statements best characterizes premenstrual syndrome?

A) It cannot be treated or prevented.
B) It may be linked to hormonal fluctuations.
C) It occurs when a women does NOT get her period.
D) It does NOT really exist; it is a figment of women's imagination.

Question 70

What is dualistic thinking?

A) It is the most mature type of thought available.
B) It occurs during Piaget's fifth stage of cognitive development.
C) It reflects the type of thought processes of postsecondary adults.
D) It involves simple dichotomies of life, such as right or wrong, black or white.

Question 71

Which of the following statements describes the reality of sexual assault in Canada?

A) It typically has a sexual nature.
B) It CANNOT occur between a husband and wife.
C) It is most common among women in their 20s and 30s.
D) It is reported to the police 50% of the time.

Question 72

Which of the following best characterizes sexual assault?

A) It can only be committed by strangers.
B) It is more commonly committed by strangers than by acquaintances.
C) It is less likely to be reported when committed by a stranger than by an acquaintance.
D) It is less likely to be reported when committed by an acquaintance than by a stranger.

Question 73

How does cognitive development change during adulthood?

A) It peaks during later adulthood.
B) Cognitive development is complete by adulthood.
C) It involves changes in fluid intelligence, but NOT crystallized intelligence.
D) It becomes more realistic and focuses on the individual's use of expertise.

Question 74

Which of the following best characterizes post-formal operational thought?

A) It is the same as dualistic thinking.
B) It can only be learned in college or university.
C) Developmentalists do NOT agree on its existence.
D) It involves being able to solve logical problems by using abstract ideas.

Question 75

Which of the following best characterizes sexual assault?

A) It rarely happens to men.
B) It is usually reported to the authorities.
C) It is usually defined as sexual activity without consent.
D) It occurs more frequently to women over 45 in Canada.

Question 76

According to your textbook, which of the following is a characteristic of sexual harassment today?

A) It is a thing of the past in both college and university environments.
B) It is NOT illegal in most provinces.
C) It rarely happens in today's society.
D) It is experienced by college students causing them to change their programs.

Question 77

Kelly has amenorrhea, how would she describe it?

A) It is caused by gonorrhea.
B) It is the absence of menstruation.
C) It is caused by severe menstrual cramps.
D) It is a problem only during late adulthood.

Question 78

Jacquie can multiply two four-digit numbers in her head.Which of the following is Jacquie's skill an example of?

A) a spatial skill
B) fluid intelligence
C) cognitive development
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 79

Douglas can recite the capitals of all provinces in alphabetical order.What is Douglas's ability an example of?

A) fluid intelligence
B) mental flexibility
C) cognitive development
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 80

How do cognitive skills change during early adulthood?

A) All cognitive skills decline.
B) Memory begins to decline rapidly.
C) Memory improves while verbal skills typically decline.
D) Verbal skills and general knowledge typically improve, while memory may decline gradually.