Deck 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Question 1

According to developmentalists, how many labour stages does a woman typically experience?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the key event of the third stage of childbirth?

A) The child is finally delivered.
B) The newborn is given a vitamin K injection.
C) The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled.
D) The fetus moves into position to begin the final delivery process.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?

A) contractions that signal the beginning of the delivery process
B) false labour contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of pregnancy
C) contractions that signal birth is imminent
D) contractions that are caused when a baby has the hiccups

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What initiates labour?

A) Time alone determines the onset of labour.
B) It is initiated by the secretion of hormones by the fetus.
C) It is initiated by the release of dopamine in the mother's brain.
D) It is initiated by the secretion of pitocin from the mother's endocrine system.

Question 5

Cindy is pregnant for the first time and is concerned that if she has a vaginal delivery, her doctor will perform an episiotomy.What is her doctor most likely to tell her?

A) Most women in Canada have an episiotomy.
B) Episiotomies are rarely performed in Canada.
C) Doctors know well in advance whether an episiotomy will be required.
D) Most women in Canada do NOT need an episiotomy.

Question 6

During the first stage of pregnancy, which of the following does NOT occur?

A) The mother is prepped by having her pubic hair shaved.
B) Contractions become more powerful, frequent, and regular.
C) Fetal monitoring begins.
D) An episiotomy is performed.

Question 7

Diana is experiencing regular labour.What is she most likely to notice about her contractions?

A) They are painful.
B) They are irregular.
C) They are unexpected.
D) They can be confused with indigestion.

Question 8

Jane's doctor just performed an episiotomy on her.Which of the following is her doctor most likely to tell her?

A) It is routinely done in hospitals around the world.
B) It may cause itching and discomfort during healing.
C) It is necessary to get the baby out of the birth canal.
D) It is more commonly performed today than 20 years ago.

Question 9

What change occurs in most women a day or so before the beginning of labour?

A) a rush of warm liquid from the vagina
B) blood appears in vaginal secretions as a sign of danger
C) the amniotic sac breaks
D) indigestion, diarrhea, backaches, and cramps

Question 10

What is the most common birthing practice in Canada?

A) delivery at a hospital
B) use of a midwife during delivery in hospital
C) delivery at home with a midwife present
D) the LeBoyer method

Question 11

Alice's baby has "crowned"? What has occurred?

A) The baby is being born feet first.
B) The baby is stuck in the birth canal.
C) The baby has turned and is now head-down in the uterus.
D) The baby's head has started to emerge from the birth canal.

Question 12

Each baby born in Canada is immediately screened for more than 50 obscure anomalies and disorders that may be treatable if detected early.What test is used?

A) an Apgar test
B) a blood test
C) an ultrasound test
D) an X-ray

Question 13

Jennifer is having a vaginal delivery of her baby.She learns that she needs an episiotomy.According to the Ottawa Hospital Research Division, what is an advantage of having an episiotomy performed during delivery?

A) It reduces the stress of a vaginal delivery.
B) It reduces the pain of a vaginal delivery.
C) It reduces the length of time required for a vaginal delivery.
D) It reduces the risk associated with a vaginal delivery.

Question 14

Fetal monitors are electronic sensing devices.Which of the following do they NOT measure?

A) fetal heart rate
B) duration and strength of the mother's contractions
C) the mother's heart rate and blood pressure
D) fetal distress

Question 15

What procedure happens to the baby soon after birth?

A) The baby is put on a heart rate monitor.
B) The umbilical cord is clamped and severed.
C) The baby is given an injection of vitamin C.
D) The baby is held upside down and slapped on the buttocks.

Question 16

Martha is in her second stage of childbirth.Which of the following can Martha expect?

A) It will end with the birth of the baby.
B) It will usually last only a few minutes.
C) It will end when Martha is ready to "push" during contractions.
D) It will end when the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 cm.

Question 17

Barbara has been told she is ready to deliver.Which of the following has most likely occurred?

A) She has received an episiotomy.
B) Her amniotic sac has ruptured.
C) She has been in labour for about 12 hours.
D) The cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 cm.

Question 18

What causes contractions strong enough to expel the baby?

A) the weight of the child
B) the release of oxytocin from the mother's pituitary gland
C) the secretion of hormones by the adrenal and pituitary glands of the fetus
D) the weight of the mother.

Question 19

Brenda is in the second stage of labour.What is the best predictor of whether her doctor will perform an episiotomy?

A) Brenda's baby is in distress.
B) Brenda has been in labour for several hours.
C) The doctor usually performs an episiotomy.
D) Brenda's has decided to use anesthesia.

Question 20

Jack is concerned that his wife may need an episiotomy.Which of the following is the physician most likely to say?

A) It is an essential part of the delivery process.
B) It is more common with second and later pregnancies.
C) It is controversial and its use has declined over time.
D) It is necessary and should be used without hesitation.

Question 21

A newborn is lethargic and less active than is normally expected.Which of the following most likely occurred?

A) The mother smoked during the pregnancy.
B) The mother experienced a faster than normal labour.
C) The mother was given a tranquilizer during delivery.
D) The mother experienced a longer than normal labour.

Question 22

Anya was given an injection into her spinal canal, which temporarily numbed her body below the waist.What type of anesthesia was Anya given?

A) a barbiturate
B) a tranquilizer
C) a local anesthesia
D) a general anesthesia

Question 23

What experience has been reported by women who used a midwife?

A) a shorter labour
B) a lower rate of fetal distress
C) less pain
D) fewer medical interventions than other patients

Question 24

Janet lives in the first province in Canada to regulate and legislate midwives.Where does she live?

A) Alberta
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Quebec

Question 25

In Canada C-sections account for what percentage of all births?

A) less than 5%
B) approximately 10%
C) approximately 20%
D) approximately 30%

Question 26

Chalmers et al.(2012) surveyed mothers' experiences of the birthing process in Canada.What experience was reported by 53.7% of the mothers?

A) lying flat during the delivery
B) delivering in stirrups
C) receiving an epidural
D) an induced delivery

Question 27

Mona had a "natural childbirth." What occurred?

A) The Lamaze method was used.
B) Local anesthetics were administered.
C) Tranquilizers given during third stage of labour.
D) The baby was delivered without the use of stirrups.

Question 28

Ashley has never heard of the Lamaze method.Which of the following would you tell her?

A) It has no apparent impact on the birthing process.
B) It is associated with the reporting of less pain during the delivery process.
C) It eliminates pain during the birthing process.
D) It is commonly used in Europe, but NOT in Canada.

Question 29

What is the typical experience of women who use midwives?

A) They report having less pain.
B) They have fewer breech births.
C) They are more satisfied with their prenatal care.
D) They have shorter labours.

Question 30

The Smiths are expecting a child but the doctors suspect some complications will occur during delivery.What type of delivery can the couple expect for their child?

A) a vaginal delivery
B) a vaginal delivery requiring an episiotomy
C) a cesarean section
D) a delivery using a midwife

Question 31

What term means "without oxygen"?

A) anoxia
B) toxemia
C) hypoxia
D) plastemia

Question 32

Approximately what percentage of babies in Canada can expect to be born with the help of a midwife?

A) fewer than 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) more than 30%

Question 33

Which statement characterizes the Lamaze method?

A) It speeds up the delivery process.
B) It has no effect on fear and pain during the delivery process.
C) It involves breathing and relaxation exercises during delivery.
D) It increases the amount of time for delivery, but reduces trauma to the infant.

Question 34

What has research found regarding the effects of medications given to the mother during delivery?

A) It is unclear to what degree medications affect the newborn.
B) It is clear that medications permanently damage the newborn.
C) The effects of medications appear to depend on the age of the mother.
D) There is no compelling evidence that medications negatively affect the newborn.

Question 35

Which of the following is rich in stem cells that can be preserved and potentially used to save the life of the baby or a member of the baby's family?

A) the placenta
B) the newborn's umbilical cord
C) the newborn's lanugo
D) the newborn's vernix

Question 36

What is taught in a class on the Lamaze method?

A) The expectant father is taught how to deliver the baby, should it become necessary.
B) The expectant mother is taught which pain medications to ask for during delivery.
C) The expectant mother is taught self-hypnosis, so she will experience no pain during delivery.
D) The expectant mother is taught the use of breathing and relaxation techniques during contractions.

Question 37

What is a childbirth "coach"?

A) the person who teaches the Lamaze classes
B) a term used only when the biological father is present
C) the person who is integrated into the birthing process with the mother
D) a medical assistant assigned to work with the mother during delivery

Question 38

A mother who has HIV wants to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to her baby.What strategy is her physician most likely to recommend?

A) She should elect to have a cesarean delivery.
B) She should elect to have a vaginal delivery.
C) She should NOT use any anesthetics.
D) She should deliver using a natural childbirth technique.

Question 39

Dr.Smith is a presenter at a prenatal and birth practices workshop.When does he suggest performing a C-section is necessary?

A) when the baby is too large
B) when the baby is unusually small
C) when the baby is being born headfirst
D) when maternal anxiety complicates the delivery process

Question 40

What female companion may be present during the birthing process to provide emotional support to the mother?

A) a doula
B) a midwife
C) a cesarean
D) a Lamaze coach

Question 41

Which baby is most likely a preterm infant?

A) a baby with a weak sucking reflex
B) a baby resulting from his mother's first pregnancy
C) a small baby that generally shows no deficits
D) a baby with a higher than normal body temperature

Question 42

In Canada, what percentage of babies were born at low birth weight in 2010?

A) 4.2%
B) 5.2%
C) 6.2%
D) 7.2%

Question 43

Janet works at the prenatal clinic.Of the four expectant women she has seen today, three are at risk for having a baby small for dates.Which woman is NOT at risk for having a baby small for dates?

A) the woman who abuses drugs
B) the woman who is malnourished
C) the woman who is obese
D) the woman who smokes

Question 44

During childbirth, when is prolonged oxygen deprivation most likely to occur?

A) during a cesarean delivery
B) when the baby is in a breech position
C) when fetal monitors are NOT used
D) during the use of general anesthetics

Question 45

According to the research, what is parents' typical behaviour toward their preterm infants?

A) Parental behaviour depends on the gender of the parent.
B) Parental behaviour tends to depend on the sex of the child.
C) Parents tend to interact with preterm infants less and respond to them with less sensitivity.
D) Parents tend to respond to preterm infants in a highly sensitive way and interact with them frequently.

Question 46

According to research, what is the most appropriate way to handle preterm babies?

A) Current thinking is to handle them as little as possible.
B) They should NOT be handled for the first two weeks of life.
C) Research now shows that preterm infants benefit from stimulation such as cuddling and rocking.
D) Research now shows that how preterm babies are handled does NOT affect their development.

Question 47

What is lanugo?

A) a Latin term for prematurity
B) a breathing problem in premature infants
C) a fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) a white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns

Question 48

After reading the textbook, what do we know about the potential to overcome deficits associated with prematurity?

A) It is greater for boys than for girls.
B) It can be predicted with great accuracy.
C) It appears to depend upon how premature the child was.
D) It is greater for second and subsequent births than for first-born children,

Question 49

What is vernix?

A) a Latin term for prematurity
B) a breathing problem in premature infants
C) a fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns
D) a white oily substance that covers the skin of some newborns

Question 50

Why do parents tend to treat full-term infants better than preterm infants?

A) Full-term infants cry more than preterm infants.
B) The behaviour of preterm infants is more irritable.
C) Preterm infants demand more interaction time than full-term infants.
D) Bonding is delayed with preterm infants.

Question 51

Research has explored the effects of exposing preterm babies to stimulation such as massage and kangaroo care.What was the conclusion of these research findings?

A) There is no known effect.
B) The effects appear to depend on the gender of the baby.
C) The infants showed weight gains and fewer respiratory problems.
D) The intellectual functioning of these infants matched that of full-term babies at a 2-year follow-up.

Question 52

Some women are at risk for delivering preterm babies.What substance is injected into these women to increase their babies' chances for survival and to lower the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and severe lung disease?

A) folic acid
B) vitamin K
C) corticosteroids
D) vitamin C

Question 53

Which of the following children is most likely to show the greatest cognitive deficits and developmental delays?

A) a child born at or before 37 weeks of gestation
B) a child whose mother smoked
C) a child weighing less than 1.5 kg at birth
D) a child whose mother did NOT exercise

Question 54

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A) a breathing disorder likely to affect high-birth-weight infants
B) a cluster of breathing problems likely to affect premature infants
C) a breathing disorder mothers sometimes develop during pregnancy
D) a breathing disorder that sometimes develops in infants during delivery

Question 55

Maggie and Ben's preterm baby has been diagnosed as having respiratory distress syndrome.How will their doctor most likely explain the baby's respiratory distress syndrome?

A) It is due to anoxia during delivery.
B) It is due to maternal exposure to teratogens during pregnancy.
C) The air sacs in the baby's lungs are over-lubricated, making breathing difficult.
D) The baby's muscles may NOT be mature enough to sustain independent breathing.

Question 56

Which baby is most likely to be a preterm baby?

A) a baby that tends to be held more by her mother
B) a baby that is less likely to be abused later in childhood
C) a baby that invokes feelings of failure and guilt in her mother
D) a baby that is more aggressive and sociable than other babies

Question 57

Colleen was shocked when her physician told her that her age puts her at a slightly higher risk for developing a low-birth-weight baby.How old is Colleen?

A) younger than 20 years old
B) 21 to 30 years old
C) 31 to 35 years old
D) more than 35 years old

Question 58

Pregnant women identified as being at risk for delivering preterm babies may be injected with corticosteroids to increase their babies' chances of survival.What concern does this treatment address?

A) prenatal malnourishment
B) hypoxia
C) respiratory stress syndrome
D) drug addiction

Question 59

When is a baby considered to have a low birth weight?

A) when it weighs less than about 1.5 kg
B) when it weighs less than about 2.5 kg
C) when it weighs less than about 3.5 kg
D) when it weighs less than about 4.5 kg

Question 60

Which term is most closely related to anoxia?

A) hypoxia
B) toxemia
C) plastemia
D) formidia

Question 61

The UNICEF report, Leaving No Child Behind, addresses infant mortality rates among different groups in Canada.According to the report, which group has a significantly higher infant mortality rate than the general Canadian population?

A) the immigration population
B) the Aboriginal population
C) the rural population
D) the refugee population

Question 62

What is thought to be the cause of postpartum depression?

A) an increased surge of estrogen following birth
B) a combination of psychological and physiological factors
C) an increase in hormone production due to breast feeding
D) an increase in pre-birth anxiety

Question 63

Alicia is studying infants and whether they have simple, unlearned, and stereotypical responses to certain types of stimulation.Which of the following is she mostly likely to state about these responses?

A) They define "reflexes."
B) They are NOT possible in infants.
C) They are NOT possible in preterm infants.
D) They are possible only several days after birth.

Question 64

What does the Brazelton Scale assess?

A) muscle tone
B) colour tone of the skin
C) physiological measures such as heart rate
D) a newborn's reflexes and other behaviour patterns

Question 65

What test is typically used to assess a newborn's health?

A) the Apgar scale
B) the Hadlar scale
C) the neonatal inventory
D) the Bornstein inventory

Question 66

What was the conclusion of the UNICEF report, Leaving No Child Behind?

A) Canada has an excellent record of caring for all of its children.
B) Aboriginal children are being left behind in Canada.
C) Canada is NOT properly looking after immigrant children.
D) Medical access in rural areas of Canada is below standard.

Question 67

Caroline counsels women who are experiencing postpartum depression.Which of the following has she observed in the women she treats?

A) They generally have low self-esteem.
B) They can benefit from drugs that lower their estrogen levels.
C) They generally have lower IQs.
D) They can benefit from social support.

Question 68

A new mother is experiencing a break with reality and is having hallucinations.What is most likely to be the cause?

A) postpartum blues
B) postpartum depression
C) postpartum depression with psychotic features
D) postpartum mania

Question 69

What distinguishes postpartum blues from postpartum depression?

A) They are the same.
B) Postpartum blues are more severe.
C) Postpartum depression is more severe.
D) They involve entirely different symptoms.

Question 70

Which statement best summarizes the story of Canadian Killinger-Johnson and her baby?

A) Even loved ones can miss the signs of postpartum depression.
B) Hormonal treatment can positively enhance a mother's life.
C) Postpartum depression with psychotic features can be diagnosed and treated.
D) Expectant mothers can be taught self-hypnosis to avoid experiencing pain during delivery.

Question 71

Canadian hospital maternity wards have adopted a new practice that has been found to increase the likelihood of mother-child interaction for up to two years.What is this practice?

A) reduced contact with newborns so that mothers can recover quickly from delivery
B) extended contact with babies during the hospital stay
C) breastfeeding
D) drug-free deliveries

Question 72

Which of the following factors is NOT assessed by the Apgar scale?

A) pulse
B) skin colour
C) muscle tone
D) brainwave activity

Question 73

What is the maximum parental leave benefit when a child is born in Canada?

A) 24 weeks
B) 28 weeks
C) 35 weeks
D) 40 weeks

Question 74

Sandra is an average mother of a newborn who is concerned because rather than being joyful about the birth of her newborn, she finds herself tearful, sad, and irritable.According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, what lies at the root of this emotional state?

A) manic depression
B) postpartum depression
C) post-delivery anxiety
D) baby blues

Question 75

Which famous Canadian woman publicly discussed her struggle with depression following the birth of her second child?

A) Margaret Trudeau
B) Alice Munro
C) Margaret Atwood
D) Alana Morrison

Question 76

What is the highest Apgar score?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 15

Question 77

Your sister recently had a baby and is struggling with postpartum adjustment.After reading about this disorder in your textbook, which of the following do you tell her?

A) It is a Canadian problem.
B) It is more common in wealthy countries.
C) It is found in countries across the world.
D) It is more common in later births than in first births.

Question 78

Nicole recently had her first child.Afterward, she felt depressed for about 10 days, and then she felt like her old self again.What did Nicole experience?

A) Nicole had the "baby blues."
B) Nicole had postpartum depression (PPD).
C) Nicole experienced a "break with reality" due to PPD.
D) What Nicole experienced is unusual because most new mothers only experience positive emotions.

Question 79

What type of physical response is a reflex?

A) a voluntary response
B) a response that has survival value
C) a response that appears to have no purpose
D) a response that disappears within six months after birth

Question 80

How soon after birth do most healthy babies attain high Apgar scores?

A) within 5 minutes
B) within 1 hour
C) within 12 hours
D) within 24 hours