Deck 6: Assessment of Posture

Question 1

An athlete comes into the athletic training room with forward rounded shoulders.In your assessment,you lay the athlete on the plinth table with his arms at his side.Upon placing the athlete in this position,you observe that the shoulders do not lay flat on the table.This would indicate which of the following as a positive test?

A) Pectoralis major test
B) Pectoralis minor test
C) Rhomboid major test
D) Latissimus dorsi test

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following could be the cause of postural problems?

A) Performing the same task for the last 5 years
B) Getting a new mattress at home
C) Running 3 miles per day, 4 days per week, for the last 4 years
D) Putting pants on one leg at a time

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a common response pointing toward possible postural involvement in an injury?

A) Insidious onset of pain
B) Pain worsening as the day progresses
C) Specific activity aggravating one muscle
D) Vague or generalized pain descriptions

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a postural muscle?

A) Upper trapezius
B) Levator scapula
C) Rectus abdominis
D) Tensor fascia latae

Question 5

When an agonist muscle becomes overactivated,what is the effect it has on the antagonist muscle?

A) It becomes weaker.
B) It becomes stronger.
C) It responds in the same fashion as the agonist.
D) It has no effect on the antagonist.

Question 6

What is the term for the point where the length limits of a musculotendinous unit are reached?

A) Active insufficiency
B) Passive insufficiency
C) Pseudoinsufficiency
D) Active-passive pseudoinsufficiency

Question 7

What is the term for the reflexive response of the antagonist muscle?

A) Autogenic inhibition
B) Reflexive inhibition
C) Reciprocal inhibition
D) Inhibitory inhibition

Question 8

When trying to rehabilitate the antagonist muscle when the agonist is overactivated,which of the following is the first step in the rehabilitation?

A) Strengthen the agonist.
B) Strengthen the antagonist.
C) Stretch the agonist.
D) Stretch the antagonist.

Question 9

Which of the following describes a person with a very thin body type?

A) Mesomorph
B) Endomorph
C) Ectomorph
D) Cro-Magnon man

Question 10

When treating an athlete with right-curving functional scoliosis,which of the following would be the first thing that should be done in the treatment plan?

A) Stretching the right-side musculature
B) Strengthening the left-side musculature
C) Stretching the left-side musculature
D) Strengthening the right-side musculature

Question 11

Which of the following is not a cause for a swayback posture?

A) Weak hamstrings
B) Poor postural sense
C) Tightened or shortened hip extensors
D) Weakened or elongated hip flexors or lower abdominals

Question 12

Which of the following is not a cause for a flat back posture?

A) Shortened or tightened hip extensors and abdominal musculature
B) Weakened or elongated hip flexors and back extensors
C) Poor postural sense
D) Strong hip external rotators

Question 13

If a co-contraction of agonist and antagonist occurs,what type of muscle action is performed?

A) Isotonic
B) Eccentric
C) Concentric
D) Isometric

Question 14

Which of the following is not a phasic muscle?

A) Piriformis
B) Subscapularis
C) Lower trapezius
D) Rhomboids

Question 15

An athlete presents in the athletic training room with scoliosis that has a right curvature.Which forces would be present?

A) Compression on the right and tension on the left side of the spine
B) Compression on the right and left sides of the spine
C) Compression on the left and tension on the right side of the spine
D) Tension on the left and right sides of the spine

Question 16

When determining pelvic position,which of the following would be the measurement between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)and the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)if the patient had anterior pelvic tilt?

A) Less than a 10° angle between the ASIS and PSIS relative to horizontal
B) More than an 8° angle between the ASIS and PSIS relative to horizontal
C) More than a 10° angle between the ASIS and PSIS relative to horizontal
D) Less than an 8° angle between the ASIS and PSIS relative to horizontal

Question 17

When observing posture from the lateral side,which of the following structures is not one that should be on the plumb line?

A) Plumb line is slightly posterior to the lateral malleolus.
B) Plumb line is posterior to the lateral femoral condyle.
C) Plumb line bisects the greater trochanter.
D) Plumb line bisects the acromion process.

Question 18

What is the term for the muscles that primarily function to support the body against the forces of gravity?

A) Agonistic
B) Antagonistic
C) Postural
D) Phasic

Question 19

What is the term for the point where the actin and myosin myofilaments overlap and maximum tension cannot be produced?

A) Active insufficiency
B) Passive insufficiency
C) Pseudoinsufficiency
D) Active-passive pseudoinsufficiency

Question 20

Which of the following would cause postural problems in a student who is using a backpack?

A) Backpack is carried on only one shoulder.
B) Backpack is carried on two shoulders.
C) Backpack is limited to 10% of body weight.
D) Backpacks can't cause postural problems.

Question 21

Which of the following is one of the gold standards for determining skeletal postural deviation?

A) Plumb line
B) Goniometer
C) Inclinometer
D) Photographs

Question 22

Which of the following is defined as a portion of striated muscle fiber lying between two membranes?

A) Inert tissue
B) Sarcomere
C) Actin
D) Myosin

Question 23

Which of the following is not a common cause of forward shoulder posture?

A) Poor postural sense
B) Lengthened anterior chest muscles
C) Abnormal thoracic spine sagittal plane curvature
D) Abnormal cervical spine sagittal plane curvature

Question 24

Which body type can be described as having an average body mass index and medium joint surfaces?

A) Mesomorph
B) Endomorph
C) Athletic
D) Ectomorph

Question 25

Which cause of muscle imbalance results in an alteration in the length-tension relationship of muscle?

A) Nerve pathology
B) Joint effusion
C) Poor posture
D) Pain

Question 26

Which of the following represents ideal postural alignment based on the lateral view using a plumb line?

A) Lateral malleolus bisects line
B) Greater trochanter slightly anterior to line
C) Lateral femoral condyle slightly posterior to line
D) Acromion process bisects line

Question 27

Which muscle becomes overactivated and tightened in a person with both forward head posture and forward shoulder posture?

A) Upper trapezius
B) Lower trapezius
C) Middle trapezius
D) Serratus anterior

Question 28

Which body type can be described as having a short or stocky build with increased joint stability?

A) Mesomorph
B) Endomorph
C) Athletic
D) Ectomorph

Question 29

What is the likely finding if the measured distance from the T3 spinous process to the medial border of the scapula is 8 cm?

A) Normal
B) Protracted scapula
C) Retracted scapula
D) Scapular winging

Question 30

Measuring the distance between which two landmarks is a common method of determining true leg length discrepancy?

A) Anterior inferior iliac spine and medial malleolus
B) Naval and medial malleolus
C) ASIS and medial malleolus
D) Naval and lateral malleolus

Question 31

Which of the following indicates a positive test when assessing muscle length of the hamstring group?

A) Lacking 5° of knee extension
B) Lacking 10° of knee extension
C) Lacking15° of knee extension
D) Lacking 20° of knee extension

Question 32

Which of the following represents a weight-bearing kinetic chain?

A) Orthoposition
B) Closed chain
C) Arthrokinematic
D) Open chain

Question 33

When assessing muscle length of the gastrocnemius,what dorsiflexion measurement may affect walking gait?

A) Less than 10° of dorsiflexion
B) More than 10° of dorsiflexion
C) Less than 15° of dorsiflexion
D) More than 15° of dorsiflexion

Question 34

When looking at regional interdependence in weight-bearing,what patellar position is associated with internal femoral rotation?

A) Squinting patellae
B) "Frog-eyed" patellae
C) Patella alta
D) Patella baja

Question 35

Adhesive capsulitis is an example of a soft tissue pathology that can result in a compensatory movement pattern.Which represents the change that occurs to the glenohumeral joint?

A) Decreased rotation
B) Decreased elevation
C) Decreased depression
D) Increased retraction