Deck 8: Foot and Toe Pathologies

Question 1

Which of the following joints is not involved with pronation and supination?

A) Talocrural
B) Subtalar
C) Proximal tibiofibular syndesmosis
D) Midtarsal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An athlete presents in the athletic training room with a bump on the back of the heel. It is red,swollen,and painful to the touch.The athlete states that it has been there for a while,but the new shoes he is wearing have irritated it.What does this athlete have?

A) Retrocalcaneal exostosis
B) Os trigonum
C) Achilles tendonitis
D) Plantarcalcaneal exostosis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A male athlete presents in the athletic training room with redness,swelling,and pain in the great toe with no mechanism of injury.Evaluation reveals pain on palpation,but pain does not increase with toe extension.Which of the following injuries is indicated by these signs and symptoms?

A) Gout
B) First-degree sprain of the great toe
C) Bunion
D) Ingrown toenail

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which bone is the most lateral bone of the midfoot?

A) Navicular
B) Calcaneus
C) Cuboid
D) Third cuneiform

Question 5

Which tarsal bone (often referred to as the "keystone")comprises the main structure of the medial longitudinal arch?

A) Navicular
B) Calcaneus
C) Cuboid
D) First cuneiform

Question 6

Which of the following bony landmarks are located on the calcaneus?

A) Peroneal tubercle, dome, sustentaculum tali
B) Medial malleolus, peroneal tubercle, tarsal tunnel
C) Sustentaculum tali, peroneal tubercle, lateral cuboid articulation
D) Calcaneal tubercle, tarsal tunnel, dome

Question 7

How many structural bones form the three regions of the foot?

A) 25
B) 26
C) 27
D) 28

Question 8

What bone(s)of the foot is (are)responsible for assisting in absorbing and redirecting weight-bearing forces,reducing friction,and protecting the tendon?

A) Talus
B) Calcaneus
C) Sesamoids
D) Navicular

Question 9

Which movements occur at the subtalar joint?

A) Pronation and supination
B) Inversion and eversion
C) Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
D) Internal and external rotation

Question 10

Which vascular structure is found behind the medial malleolus?

A) Medial tibial artery
B) Posterior tibial artery
C) Arcuate artery
D) First dorsal metatarsal artery

Question 11

What structure serves to provide inferior support to the talus and is generally found one thumb's width below the medial malleolus?

A) Navicular
B) First cuneiform
C) Sustentaculum tali
D) Plantar fascia

Question 12

What injury results in an abducted first ray at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP)joint?

A) Hallux rigidus
B) Hallux maximus
C) Hallux valgus
D) Hallux internus

Question 13

Which of the following produces the windlass effect?

A) Flexion of the toes causes the calcaneus to come forward.
B) Extension of the toes causes the calcaneus to come forward.
C) Flexion of the toes causes the navicular to drop down.
D) Extension of the toes causes the navicular to drop down.

Question 14

How many muscles attach to the talus?

A) Zero
B) One
C) Two
D) Three

Question 15

Which section of the foot is composed of the navicular,three cuneiforms,and the cuboid bones?

A) Forefoot
B) Midfoot
C) Rearfoot
D) Toes

Question 16

Which of the following is the best position for the ankle when assessing passive range of motion for extension of the great toe?

A) 90° (anatomical neutral)
B) 5° of plantar flexion
C) 15° of plantar flexion
D) 25° of plantar flexion

Question 17

Which muscular layer of the foot contains the abductor hallucis,flexor digitorum brevis,and abductor digiti minimi?

A) Superficial
B) Middle
C) Deep
D) Interosseous

Question 18

Which bone is the primary insertion for the tibialis posterior?

A) Navicular
B) Calcaneus
C) Cuboid
D) Base of the fifth metatarsal

Question 19

For which problem would one recommend proper bathing,regularly changing socks,and keeping the area dry to help prevent the buildup of fungi?

A) Molluscum contagiosum
B) Tinea pedis
C) Verruca plantaris
D) Hard corns

Question 20

Which ligament is also referred to as the "spring" ligament?

A) Calcaneocuboid
B) Long plantar
C) Medial talocalcaneal
D) Plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 21

During static weight bearing,in which of the following foot postures does the forefoot compensate by abducting and everting,resulting in a more planus foot?

A) Rearfoot varus
B) Forefoot valgus
C) Forefoot varus
D) Rearfoot valgus

Question 22

Which of the following is not one of the five bones that form the medial longitudinal arch?

A) Cuboid
B) Calcaneus
C) Talus
D) First cuneiform

Question 23

Which drop is considered normal when performing the navicular drop test?

A) 0.6 to 1.8 cm
B) 1.8 to 2.3 cm
C) 0 to 0.6 cm
D) 0 cm

Question 24

Which description best describes rearfoot varus?

A) Metatarsal heads are inverted relative to the rearfoot
B) Metatarsal heads are everted relative to the rearfoot
C) Calcaneus is inverted relative to the long axis of the bisected lower leg
D) Calcaneus is everted relative to the long axis of the tibia

Question 25

A quantitative measure of what motion can be calculated using the navicular drop test?

A) Pronation
B) Supination
C) Plantar flexion
D) Dorsiflexion

Question 26

Which of the following conditions does not result in retrocalcaneal pain?

A) Inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa
B) Degeneration of the Achilles tendon
C) Os trigonum pathology
D) Weakness of the gastrocnemius

Question 27

Which of the following deformities involves the progressive contracture of the interosseous or lumbrical muscles?

A) Claw toe
B) Hammer toe
C) Morton's toe
D) Hallux valgus

Question 28

Which of the following deformities is formed by the first metatarsal being shorter than the second?

A) Claw toe
B) Hammer toe
C) Morton's toe
D) Hallux valgus

Question 29

Which nerve is inflamed when someone is suffering from intermetatarsal neuroma?

A) Plantar
B) Tibial
C) Superficial peroneal
D) Deep peroneal

Question 30

Walking on the heel to avoid push-off may indicate all of the following except

A) metatarsal fracture.
B) calcaneal injury.
C) plantar fasciitis.
D) great toe pathology.

Question 31

In which of the following foot postures does the rearfoot become hypermobile,resulting in increased pronation?

A) Rearfoot varus
B) Rearfoot valgus
C) Forefoot varus
D) Forefoot valgus

Question 32

The foot's intrinsic muscles originate and insert from the foot and are grouped into how many layers?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 33

Which of the following is described as contractures of the associated toe extensors and flexors accompanied by an inability of the interosseous muscles to hold the proximal phalanx in the neutral position?

A) Claw toe
B) Hammer toe
C) Morton's toe
D) Hallux valgus

Question 34

What joint is better known as the Lisfranc joint?

A) Intermetatarsal
B) Tarsometatarsal
C) Metatarsophalangeal
D) Interphalangeal

Question 35

Typically,where is pain centralized when someone has plantar fasciitis?

A) Medial calcaneal tubercle
B) Sustentaculum tali
C) Navicular tuberosity
D) Base of the fifth metatarsal

Question 36

The lateral arch is composed of all of the following bones except the

A) calcaneus.
B) cuboid.
C) fifth metatarsal.
D) talus.

Question 37

When measuring the angle of the medial longitudinal arch,which static position is considered normal?

A) 121° to 130°
B) 131° to 152°
C) 153° to 162°
D) 110° to 120°

Question 38

Which is not a factor that can predispose someone to hallux valgus?

A) Pes cavus
B) Improperly fitted shoes
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) Wearing of high heels

Question 39

Which of the following muscles is (are)found within the second layer of intrinsic foot muscles?

A) Abductor hallucis
B) Flexor digitorum brevis
C) Abductor digiti minimi
D) Lumbricals

Question 40

The Mulder Sign involves compression of what structure?

A) Medial longitudinal arch
B) Lateral longitudinal arch
C) Transverse arch
D) Distal tibiofibular joint

Question 41

Which muscle inserts onto the styloid process of the base of the fifth metatarsal?

A) Peroneus brevis
B) Peroneus longus
C) Peroneus tertius
D) Tibialis posterior