Deck 16: Elbow and Forearm Pathologies

Question 1

A patient with an acutely injured elbow will frequently assume an elbow resting position of ___ of flexion to minimize forces on the joint.

A) 50°
B) 60°
C) 70°
D) 80°

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The radial tuberosity is the insertion site for which muscle?

A) Brachialis
B) Biceps brachii
C) Brachioradialis
D) Pronator teres

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the typical carrying angle of the elbow for men?

A) 0° to 5°
B) 5° to 19°
C) 11° to 14°
D) 15° to 21°

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the indentation of the lateral epicondyle that accepts the radial head during elbow flexion?

A) Trochlea
B) Capitellum
C) Radial fossa
D) Semilunar notch

Question 5

An isosceles triangle is formed by the medial epicondyle,lateral epicondyle,and olecranon process when the elbow is flexed to what degree?

A) 60°
B) 70°
C) 80°
D) 90°

Question 6

Which muscle does not influence pronation or supination at the elbow?

A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
C) Brachioradialis
D) Anconeus

Question 7

The radioulnar joints are classified as what type of joint?

A) Synovial
B) Hinge
C) Syndesmotic
D) Saddle

Question 8

What are the actions of the muscles originating from the lateral epicondyle?

A) Flexion and supination
B) Extension and supination
C) Flexion and pronation
D) Extension and pronation

Question 9

Which is the most stabilizing structure of the lateral aspect of the elbow?

A) Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)
B) Annular ligament
C) Transverse bundle
D) Radial collateral ligament (RCL)

Question 10

Which of the following is the most important history finding regarding elbow trauma?

A) Onset and location of symptoms
B) Onset and type of pain
C) Location of symptoms and type of pain
D) Location of symptoms

Question 11

A valgus stress performed on the elbow is assessing the integrity of which ligament?

A) UCL
B) RCL
C) Annular
D) Coracoclavicular

Question 12

What is it medically called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0°?

A) Cubitus valgus
B) Cubitus varus
C) Cubital valgus
D) Cubital recurvatum

Question 13

Which elbow ligament is divisible into three unique sections?

A) Radial collateral ligament (RCL)
B) Annular ligament
C) Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)
D) Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)

Question 14

When a varus stress is applied to the elbow,the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL)assists what ligament in preventing the radial head from separating from the ulna?

A) Ulnar collateral
B) Annular
C) Lateral ulnar collateral
D) Coronoid

Question 15

Which nerve enters the elbow at the arcade of Struthers?

A) Median
B) Radial
C) Ulnar
D) Anterior interosseous

Question 16

Male patients over what age commonly have biceps tendon ruptures?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 17

What is the nerve that innervates the flexi carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm?

A) Radial
B) Ulnar
C) Median
D) Anterior interosseous

Question 18

What forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle?

A) Trochlea
B) Capitellum
C) Radial fossa
D) Semilunar notch

Question 19

What is the angle formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna known as?

A) Angle of torsion
B) Angle of inclination
C) Carrying angle
D) Q angle

Question 20

What is the bundle of the UCL that is the primary restraint against a valgus force when the elbow is flexed beyond 60°?

A) Anterior
B) Transverse
C) Posterior
D) Medial

Question 21

Most elbow injuries are the result of low-load repetitive stresses.

Question 22

Laxity with valgus and varus stress testing in a fully extended position indicates severe ligamentous instability.

Question 23

Which elbow angle represents the correct patient position when performing the varus stress test?

A) 0°
B) 15°
C) 25°
D) 50°

Question 24

The normal carrying angle for women ranges from _______ of cubitus valgus.

A) 0° to 5°
B) 7° to 11°
C) 13° to 16°
D) 18° to 21°

Question 25

Which of the following is not included when extending the elbow during the pivot shift test?

A) Axial load
B) Valgus stress
C) Supination
D) Wrist flexion

Question 26

Which of the following is not correct in performing the test for lateral epicondylalgia?

A) The patient is positioned with the elbow flexed and the forearm supinated.
B) The examiner palpates the lateral epicondyle.
C) The examiner resists wrist extension through full range of motion.
D) The test may also be performed with the elbow extended.

Question 27

Forearm fractures in children are often treated with open reduction.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition associated with distal biceps tendon rupture?

A) Statin use
B) Anabolic steroid use
C) Cigarette smoking
D) Diabetes

Question 29

Which of the following is a muscle of the wrist flexor group?

A) Palmaris longus
B) Supinator
C) Extensor carpi radialis longus
D) Abductor pollicis longus

Question 30

Which represents sensory distribution for the radial nerve?

A) Medial forearm
B) Little finger
C) Medial half of the ring finger
D) Lateral first metacarpal

Question 31

The forearm is displaced anteriorly or anterolaterally compared to the humerus in 90% of cases.

Question 32

Which of the following joints does not allow pronation to occur?

A) Humeroradial
B) Humeroulnar
C) Proximal radioulnar
D) Distal radioulnar

Question 33

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A) Anconeus
B) Biceps brachii
C) Brachioradialis
D) Triceps brachii

Question 34

Biceps tendon rupture is at least six times more common in those who smoke versus those with no history of smoking.

Question 35

A decreased carrying angle is known as cubitus valgus.

Question 36

Which joint play assessment is performed with the patient supine while placing the elbow in about 70° of flexion and 10° of supination?

A) Humeroulnar
B) Proximal radioulnar
C) Distal radioulnar
D) Radiohumeral

Question 37

The anterior band of the anterior bundle of the UCL is primarily stressed in overhead athletes.

Question 38

What is indicated by a hard end-feel with passive elbow flexion?

A) Loose body in the joint
B) A normal joint
C) Triceps brachii tendon rupture
D) Brachioradialis tendon rupture

Question 39

The elbow joint relies more on muscular support than ligamentous support for its stability.

Question 40

Which of the following nerves is compressed as a result of pronator teres syndrome?

A) Anterior interosseous
B) Ulnar
C) Median
D) Radial

Question 41

List the structures within the cubital fossa.

Question 42

The "terrible triad" of the elbow involves which type of injury to what structures?

Question 43

Name the four individual articulations of the elbow.