Deck 20: Head and Acute Cervical Spine Pathologies

Question 1

What type of injury occurs to a patient when this or her skull is moving at a relatively high velocity and is suddenly stopped,such as a volleyball player falling and striking her head on the court?

A) Coup
B) Contrecoup
C) Subconcussive
D) Cardiac contusion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For every degree (centigrade)the body's core temperature increases,the brain's need for oxygen increases by what percentage?

A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 7%
D) 9%

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What test is used to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is present in fluids leaking from a head-injury patient's nose or ears?

A) Halo test
B) Battle's test
C) Romberg's test
D) Babinski's test

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When a patient who suffers a head injury cannot remember events after the injury,the patient is said to be suffering from what?

A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Retrograde amnesia
C) Psychogenic amnesia
D) Delusional amnesia

Question 5

What would be the pulse pressure of a patient whose blood pressure was 140/80 mm Hg?

A) 220 mm Hg
B) 140 mm Hg
C) 80 mm Hg
D) 40 mm Hg

Question 6

What section of the brain's primary function is to maintain balance and coordination?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Cerebellum

Question 7

What stage of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)is associated with depression,explosive behavior,and short-term memory loss?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 8

Which of the following represents an extreme risk factor for permanent disability?

A) Facet fracture
B) Lateral mass fracture
C) Acute lateral disc herniation
D) Odontoid fracture

Question 9

What is the outermost meningeal covering of the brain called?

A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Subarachnoid space

Question 10

Which assessment can quickly assess or determine a patient's analytical skills?

A) Romberg's test
B) Babinski's test
C) Serial 7's test
D) Oppenheim's test

Question 11

In addition to regulating some of the body's hormones,which structure is also the center of the body's autonomic nervous system,regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Thyroid gland
D) Cerebellum

Question 12

What is the term for the inability to recall events before the onset of a head injury?

A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Retrograde amnesia
C) Psychogenic amnesia
D) Post-traumatic amnesia

Question 13

What structure in the brain is formed by the thalamus,hypothalamus,and epithalamus?

A) Brain stem
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Diencephalon
D) Longitudinal fissure

Question 14

What is considered to be a normal pulse pressure?

A) 20 mm Hg
B) 30 mm Hg
C) 40 mm Hg
D) 50 mm Hg

Question 15

Axial loading of the cervical spine combined with what other motion is most likely to produce a catastrophic injury?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Hyperextension
D) Lateral flexion

Question 16

The ___________ allow(s)for a partial supply of blood to reach the affected area of the brain if one of the cranial arteries is obstructed.

A) circle of Willis
B) choroid plexuses
C) subdural space
D) subarachnoid space

Question 17

What is the fold in the dura mater located in the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres called?

A) Falx cerebri
B) Falx cerebelli
C) Subarachnoid space
D) Falx

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)originates from which of the following?

A) Circle of Willis
B) Choroid plexuses
C) Subdural space
D) Subarachnoid space

Question 19

Which cranial nerve (CN)is implicated with a positive Romberg test?

A) VIII
B) II
C) VII
D) IV

Question 20

Which of the following represents a component of the diagnostic criteria for postconcussion syndrome under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)but not the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases?

A) Headache
B) Dizziness
C) Fatigue
D) Apathy

Question 21

At which levels do cervical dislocations primarily occur?

A) C6-C7
B) C4-C6
C) C3-C4
D) C1-C3

Question 22

Which cranial nerve(s)are responsible for eye movement?

Question 23

What can the presence of nystagmus indicate? Select all that apply.

A) Disruption of the inner ear
B) Corneal abrasion
C) A ruptured globe
D) Pressure on the motor nerves of the eye

Question 24

The tandem walking test is failed if the patient's best time is greater than 14 seconds.

Question 25

Which CN is not associated with facial expression?

A) V
B) VII
C) XII
D) XI

Question 26

A decerebrate posture is identified when there is flexion of the elbows and wrists,clenched fists,and extension of the lower extremity.

Question 27

Phase 1 of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)involves the use of a tandem leg stance.

Question 28

Which of the following would be considered a coup injury? Select all that apply.

A) A hockey player is struck in the head with a puck.
B) A cheerleader falls from the top of a pyramid, hitting her head on the ground.
C) A volleyball player lands on her buttocks.
D) A boxer gets hit in the temple region of the head and is knocked out.

Question 29

The skin covering the skull greatly increases the cranium's ability to protect the brain by absorbing and redirecting forces away from the skull.

Question 30

What are the four scored sections of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)test?

Question 31

Cervical fractures alone tend to cause spinal cord trauma.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is false concerning skull fractures?

A) Comminuted skull fractures result in fragmentation of the skull.
B) Depressed skull fractures can be life-threatening injuries.
C) Athletes wearing headgear have a lower chance of sustaining a skull fracture.
D) Skull fractures do not occur in those wearing a helmet.

Question 33

To assess for concussion,one should monitor for changes in pulse,blood pressure,and respiration.

Question 34

List two ways to elicit a pain response from an unconscious patient.

Question 35

Which of the following responses from an athlete indicate transitory unconsciousness? Select all that apply.

A) The athlete states he was "knocked out."
B) The athlete states he "just blacked out for a second or two."
C) The athlete states he "saw stars."
D) The athlete states he "did not lose consciousness at all."

Question 36

Which of the following is not considered to be a potential delayed symptom of concussion?

A) Personality changes
B) Fatigue
C) Sleep disturbance
D) Dizziness

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true regarding epidural hematomas?

A) They are formed between the brain and dura mater.
B) Symptoms can occur days or even weeks after the initial trauma.
C) They are a result of arterial bleeding.
D) They are a result of venous bleeding.

Question 38

Research has shown that head injuries occur most frequently in women's/girl's high school athletics.

Question 39

Which of the following would indicate a nasal fracture and/or a skull fracture?

A) Nystagmus
B) Raccoon eyes
C) Bleeding from the forehead
D) Bleeding from the mouth

Question 40

To properly check cranial nerve (CN)VIII,the examiner should check which of the following?

A) Hearing and swallowing
B) Hearing and balance
C) Swallowing and gag reflex
D) Facial movement

Question 41

Although spearing is illegal in football,it still occurs in 19% of football plays.

Question 42

A soccer player who receives repeated nontraumatic blows to the head has a higher degree of degenerative changes within the central nervous system.

Question 43

Athletes with a history of multiple concussions can show signs and symptoms of a concussion in the absence of a recent concussion.