Deck 1: An Interdisciplinary View of Health

Question 1

Daoist philosophy influences modern day

A)Biopsychosocial viewpoints.
B)Traditional medical practices.
C)Psychological practices.
D)Chinese traditional medicine.

Answer 1

Chinese traditional medicine.

Question 2

Native American and southern African cultures have a history of incorporating the use of _____ in their health practices.

A)Chemistry
B)Botany
C)Psychology
D)Physiology

Answer 2

Botany

Question 3

Holistic health is influenced by

A)Physiological factors.
B)Psychological factors.
C)Emotional and social factors.
D)All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Benjamin has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness.His physician informs Benjamin that this means

A)He has a short-term illness.
B)He has a type of mental health diagnosis.
C)He has an easily treatable illness that will not last more than 1 month.
D)He has a long-term and persistent illness.

Question 5

How does the social ecological approach to health differ from the holistic approach

A)The holistic approach does not include psychological determinants of health.
B)The social ecological approach does not include psychological determinants of health.
C)The social ecological approach is comprised of only four determinants of health, whereas the holistic approach consists of six determinants.
D)The social ecological model is the only approach that includes health systems and health policy as health determinants.

Question 6

_____ is credited with being the first person to recognize the effect of emotions on one's health.

A)Hippocrates
B)Descartes
C)Socrates
D)Aristotle

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the story of Winston

A)He was distraught and depressed about his recent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
B)He considered himself to be in excellent health despite having multiple sclerosis.
C)He was determined to find a cure for his illness.
D)He considered his life over due to the fact that he had multiple sclerosis.

Question 8

Aesculapian theory challenged the beliefs of

A)Native Americans.
B)Hippocrates.
C)Descartes.
D)Early Europeans.

Question 9

The author of the textbook characterized Winston's viewpoints about his multiple sclerosis as being most closely related to

A)The physiological approach to illness.
B)The spiritual approach to illness.
C)The holistic approach to illness.
D)The emotional approach to illness.

Question 10

The importance of clean water as a health determinant was evident in the early cultures of

A)The Indus Valley region (now called Pakistan).
B)Europe.
C)Australia.
D)Japan.

Question 11

Evidence of ancient Egyptian beliefs about the body and circulatory system were demonstrated through

A)Various rituals, including the mummification process.
B)Meticulously drawn nutrition pyramids.
C)The writings of Socrates and Galen.
D)"Qi" and similar concepts of balance.

Question 12

Factors that influence health outcomes are called

A)Principle concepts.
B)Ecological factors.
C)Determinants of health.
D)Cultural variants.

Question 13

Theoretical perspectives on health

A)Rarely deviate from the physiological aspects of disease and illness.
B)Always include one's emotional state about disease and illness.
C)Often include the presence or absence of disease as well as one's attitude about illness or disease.
D)Tend to be the same for all people.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE

A)Several theoretical perspectives exist to describe health and wellness.
B)The holistic viewpoint of health focuses primarily on four determinants.
C)Family and cultural traditions have little, if any, relation to one's health.
D)The concept of health has changed throughout the years.

Question 15

The mind-body connection developed by Hippocrates was referred to as

A)Daoist philosophy.
B)Cnidian theory.
C)Botanical theory.
D)Humoral theory.

Question 16

Physiological state refers to

A)An individual's ability to physically perform daily functions without limitations or restrictions.
B)An individual's ability to mentally perform daily functions without limitations or restrictions.
C)An individual's degree of spiritual beliefs necessary for health and well-being.
D)An individual's degree of psychological health and well-being.

Question 17

"Modern" concepts of health have been traced back as early as the

A)First century B.C.E.
B)Second century B.C.E.
C)Third century B.C.E.
D)Fourth century B.C.E.

Question 18

John strongly believes that "Qi" is an important component of health.Which theoretical perspective is John likely to follow

A)Humoral theory
B)Daoist philosophy
C)Aesculapian theory
D)Cnidian theory

Question 19

_____ emphasized spiritual intervention and mediation of priests.

A)Aesculapian theory
B)Cnidian theory
C)Holistic theory
D)Humoral theory

Question 20

Health policies are used to guide

A)Access to clean water.
B)Family and cultural influences on health.
C)Spiritual well-being.
D)All of the above

Question 21

Early civilizations believed that plagues were caused by

A)Bacteria.
B)Demons.
C)Weather.
D)Locusts.

Question 22

Galen's views of health were more _____-based than those of Hippocrates.

A)Psychologically
B)Physiologically
C)Spiritually
D)Emotionally

Question 23

Pharmacology is most closely associated with the ancient practice of using _____ to treat illness.

A)Spiritual advisors
B)Materia medica
C)Art and music
D)Religious rituals

Question 24

Who was responsible for healing the spiritual afflictions believed to be the cause of disease during the Roman Empire

A)Priests
B)Pharmacists
C)Philosophers
D)Chemists

Question 25

According to the textbook, early Ethiopian cultures utilized pendants as

A)Nail files.
B)Nail cleaners.
C)Ear cleaners.
D)Thermometers.

Question 26

_____ caused a large decline in the Roman population during the years 541-588 CE.

A)Mental illness
B)HIV/AIDS
C)Flooding
D)Pandemics

Question 27

Materia medica refers to

A)The medicinal properties of plants.
B)The medical aspects of health and well-being.
C)The importance of medicine in treating mental health conditions.
D)The medical terminology associated with holistic care.

Question 28

The director of a hospital has followed appropriate guidelines and issued a quarantine due to a possible viral contaminant.This is an example of a

A)Health policy.
B)Cultural policy.
C)Biological policy.
D)Physiological policy.

Question 29

One of the primary means in which diseases were transmitted during the Renaissance period was through

A)Farming.
B)Religious rituals.
C)Maritime voyages.
D)Psychiatric institutions.

Question 30

The World Health Organization defines health as

A)The physiological state of one's body.
B)A state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.
C)The absence of illness and disease.
D)The harmonic balance of spirituality and emotional well-being.

Question 31

A historian is interested in learning about the ancient medical practices of a particular culture; however, there are no written records for him to review.According to the textbook, one of the primary means of obtaining information about ancient health practices when written records are unavailable is through

A)Musical lyrics.
B)Taped recordings.
C)Artwork and artifacts.
D)Studying past rituals.

Question 32

Which of the following early civilizations has NOT been associated with materia medica

A)Mesoamerican cultures
B)Chinese cultures
C)Southern African cultures
D)European cultures

Question 33

Lisa is developing a lesson plan about the two Plagues of Justinian.She will inform her students that these _____ took place in Rome in mid-500 CE.

A)Viruses
B)Locust attacks
C)Pandemics
D)Allergic reactions

Question 34

Religious beliefs shaped health concepts in some European cultures, most notably during the

A)Middle or "Dark" Ages.
B)Renaissance period.
C)Rise of the Roman Empire.
D)British Invasion.

Question 35

Hippocrates believed that diseases causing imbalance were located in the _____, whereas Galen believed diseases were located in the

A)Organs; bodily fluids.
B)Organs; brain.
C)Bodily fluids; organs.
D)Brain; organs.

Question 36

_____ associated illness with physical disease and denied the influence of spiritual and emotional well-being.

A)Daoist philosophy
B)Cnidian theory
C)Humoral theory
D)Holistic theory

Question 37

Steve is an "ethnopharmacologist"; therefore, he is responsible for studying

A)The medical guidelines set forth by the Federal Drug Administration.
B)The medical practices used in holistic environments.
C)The pharmacological guidelines used by the government.
D)The medicinal practices of different cultures.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Renaissance period

A)The concept of illness was viewed as a punishment for evil behaviors.
B)Physicians believed diseases were caused by spiritual factors.
C)It was called the "Renaissance" period because there were no plagues during this time.
D)Scholars began studying the scientific aspects of the human body again.

Question 39

Judy is interested in a career where she can study plants and plant life.Which of the following sciences would be the best match for Judy

A)Botany
B)Ecology
C)Biology
D)Psychology

Question 40

The haemorrhagic plague killed over 25 million people within 2 years.This plague has also been referred to as

A)"Spanish Flu."
B)"Black Death."
C)"Typhus."
D)"Cholera."

Question 41

The late _____ century marked a shift in ideas from spiritual forces causing disease to the belief that germs caused disease and illness.

A)17th
B)18th
C)19th
D)20th

Question 42

Which factor contributed to the loss of support for the mind-body connection

A)The belief that psychosomatic illnesses were contrived or made up.
B)The notion that psychosomatic illnesses could not be treated with medication.
C)The deaths of the primary supporters of this theory.
D)The development of new medications designed to treat physical ailments.

Question 43

The development of the field of "psychosomatic medicine" was a result of

A)Research on the mind-body connection.
B)Guidelines established by the American Medical Association.
C)An accumulation of years of psychological research.
D)Clergy seeking alternatives to medicine.

Question 44

_____ proposed the biopsychosocial model of health in 1972.

A)Engel
B)Freud
C)Galen
D)Lazarus

Question 45

Miguel adheres to the biopsychosocial model of health.In other words, he believes that

A)Health is determined by genetic factors.
B)Health is the result of multiple factors.
C)Health is the direct result of one's environment.
D)Health is predetermined at birth.

Question 46

Public health policies were developed by the early _____ in the United States of America.

A)1700s
B)1800s
C)1900s
D)2000s

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health

A)Social environment
B)Procedural guidelines
C)Health policies
D)Psychological environment

Question 48

John's physician diagnosed him with a psychosomatic illness, which indicates there may be a(n) _____ link to his illness.

A)Chemical
B)Psychological
C)Spiritual
D)Environmental

Question 49

_____ is the study of the origins and spread of disease.

A)Ecology
B)Botany
C)Ethnopharmacology
D)Epidemiology

Question 50

_____ proposed that physiological illnesses can have psychological causes.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Galen
C)Ancient Roman emperors
D)Early Catholic clergy

Question 51

Tyrone is reading about early contributors of the mind/body connection as it relates to health.Which early contributor is Tyrone most likely to read about

A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Carl Rogers
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 52

One of the biggest criticisms of the biopsychosocial model of health is that

A)The model does not account for variables other than social determinants.
B)The core foundation is too spiritually-based.
C)The model places too much emphasis on psychological variables.
D)The core foundation is too biologically-based.

Question 53

Madeleine has the same beliefs about health as the World Health Organization (WHO); therefore, she believes that

A)Health is simply the result of disease.
B)Health is the result of psychological and physiological factors.
C)Health is a direct result of one's spiritual beliefs.
D)Health is unrelated to social factors.

Question 54

Public health policies in the United States were initially developed to

A)Create guidelines for hospital admission procedures.
B)Assign individuals to health care systems.
C)Control contagious diseases such as yellow fever and smallpox.
D)Advise political leaders about the effects of health conditions on the environment.

Question 55

Which model of health is viewed as the fundamental building block for the practice of medicine in Western cultures

A)The physiological model
B)The sociological model
C)The biopsychosocial model
D)The biomedical model

Question 56

Freud's research on psychosomatic illnesses was based in part on his

A)Childhood upbringing.
B)Mother's viewpoints.
C)Intuitions.
D)Years of scientific research.

Question 57

_____ is credited with being the first person to link bacteria to certain diseases.

A)Alexander Fleming
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Robert Koch
D)Marie Curie

Question 58

The _____ model of health was one of the first models to recognize that health is not determined strictly by biological causes; rather, it is a combination of several different factors.

A)Ecological
B)Psychological
C)Sociological
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 59

Research on the relationship between _____ and _____ has provided the clearest evidence of the association between emotional factors and negative physiological effects.

A)Stress; illness
B)Stress; socioeconomic status
C)Spiritual beliefs; stress
D)Environmental factors; stress

Question 60

Which of the following is a criticism of the biomedical model of health

A)It is not focused enough on medicinal treatments for diseases.
B)It does not take into account emotional and social factors linked to disease.
C)It does not recognize that microorganisms cause disease.
D)It does not recognize the influence of physiological factors on disease.

Question 61

_____ refers to the cause of an illness.

A)Etiology
B)Ethnopharmacology
C)Quality-of-life
D)Botany

Question 62

Which of the following would NOT be considered a "health-enhancing behavior"

A)Getting enough sleep each night
B)Working in places where there is secondhand smoke
C)Walking to school each day
D)Taking a daily multivitamin

Question 63

Which of the following factors is unique to the social ecological model of health

A)Physical environment
B)Spiritual beliefs
C)Quality-of-life
D)Socioeconomic status

Question 64

_____ are examples of determinants of health related to the physical environment.

A)Places of worship
B)Educational institutions
C)Crime and violence
D)Medicinal herbs

Question 65

Danette considers her views about the meaning of life as being influential to her overall health.This idea is most closely related to the _____ model of health.

A)Wellness
B)Biopsychosocial
C)Biomedical
D)Spiritual

Question 66

One of the functions of the myelin sheath is to

A)Store genetic material.
B)Help speed up message transmission.
C)Transmit genetic traits.
D)Protect the myelin.

Question 67

The American Psychological Association's current definition of health psychology most closely resembles the definition set forth by

A)Hippocrates.
B)William James.
C)Abraham Maslow.
D)Joseph Matarazzo.

Question 68

Quality-of-life refers to

A)The idea that life is too short.
B)The notion that one can control their own destiny.
C)One's level of life satisfaction.
D)One's belief that they can master any task.

Question 69

How does the wellness model of health differ from other models

A)The wellness model is the only model to include socioeconomic factors as determinants of health.
B)The wellness model does not include physiological factors related to health.
C)The wellness model includes Daoist philosophic properties.
D)The wellness model includes spirituality and quality-of-life as factors influencing health outcomes.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is TRUE in reference to the biopsychosocial model of health

A)The model is not accepted by most psychologists.
B)The model does not include spirituality as a factor influencing health.
C)The model is also called the "wellness model."
D)The model addresses environmental determinants of health such as air quality and pollutants.

Question 71

Determining etiology fulfills the _____ role of health psychologists.

A)Environmental
B)Spiritual
C)Investigative
D)Policy development

Question 72

The American Psychological Association redefined health psychology in the year

A)1999.
B)2000.
C)2002.
D)2008.

Question 73

How many determinants are involved in the ecological model of health

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7

Question 74

Roberto has been diagnosed with cancer.Despite this recent news, he is determined to live life to its fullest.Roberto has a _____ quality-of-life.

A)Low
B)Moderate
C)High
D)Weak

Question 75

_____ transmit neurochemical messages throughout the body.

A)Biochemicals
B)Genetics
C)Myelin sheaths
D)Nerve fibers

Question 76

Carol works for an agency where she implements regulations to protect the health of the community.What type of work is she involved with

A)Health networking
B)Managed care
C)Health organization
D)Health policy

Question 77

The ability to receive timely medical care best fits with the _____ model of health.

A)Ecological
B)Biomedical
C)Wellness
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 78

Spirituality has been linked to a reduction in

A)Stress.
B)Physiological illness.
C)Health-enhancing behaviors.
D)All of the above

Question 79

The American Psychological Association's definition of health most closely fits the _____ model of health.

A)Wellness
B)Sociocultural
C)Ecological
D)Biomedical

Question 80

Which of the following domains is NOT considered a principal component of the American Psychological Association's definition of health psychology

A)Family and community
B)Cultural traditions
C)Health systems
D)The individual