Deck 5: Risky Health Behaviors

Question 1

For what reason does much of the research on risky behaviors focus on adolescents

A)Adults often decline participating in research on risky behaviors.
B)Adolescents are more adaptable to change.
C)Risky behaviors that develop in adolescence often continue into adulthood.
D)Adolescents engage in more risky behaviors than do adults.

Answer 1

Risky behaviors that develop in adolescence often continue into adulthood.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a priority health risk by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

A)Physical inactivity
B)Workplace/school violence
C)Risky sexual behavior
D)Cigarette smoking

Answer 2

Workplace/school violence

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE with reference to the use of seatbelts

A)Seatbelt use has not reduced the number of fatalities in countries other than the U.S.
B)The majority of adolescent drivers in the U.S.do not recognize the importance of wearing a seatbelt.
C)Over 80% of drivers in the U.S.wear seatbelts.
D)More people are injured in automobile accidents when they are wearing a seatbelt rather than when they are not wearing one.

Answer 3

Over 80% of drivers in the U.S.wear seatbelts.

Question 4

Which of the following are potential contributing factors to teenage automobile accidents

A)Driver's age
B)Other teenage passengers in the car
C)Inexperience with driving
D)All of the above

Question 5

_____ refers to an action that increases the probability of an adverse outcome.

A)Risk
B)Risky behavior
C)Experimental risk taking
D)Antecedent behaviors

Question 6

The concept of _____ refers to the fact that adolescents may engage in risky behaviors once or very rarely.

A)Risk taking
B)Experimental risk taking
C)Testing the limits
D)Unintentional risk taking

Question 7

Adolescent drivers 16-17 years of age have a _____ increased risk of automobile accidents when accompanied by at least one other teenage passenger.

A)25%
B)33%
C)40%
D)55%

Question 8

The 1997 repeal of the "helmet law" in Arkansas led to

A)A significant increase in the number of motorcycle fatalities.
B)A slight increase in the number of motorcycle fatalities.
C)A significant decrease in the number of motorcycle fatalities.
D)No change in the number of motorcycle fatalities.

Question 9

The Nova Scotia Study (2003) on automobile crashes and driving experience determined that after _____ of driving experience, the rate of teen crashes decreases by more than half.

A)6 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months

Question 10

Studies of automobile accident rates involving teenagers indicate that _____ are less able to detect and avoid oncoming hazards than more experienced drivers.

A)Females
B)Males
C)Newly-licensed drivers
D)Drivers under the age of 18

Question 11

The definition of violence includes

A)Suicide.
B)An intentional use of force against a community.
C)Physical assault against another person.
D)All of the above

Question 12

According to the opening vignette on distracted teen drivers, one factor that appeared to contribute to Gillian's accident was

A)She was talking on her cell phone.
B)She was an inexperienced driver.
C)She was changing the radio station.
D)She had been drinking alcohol.

Question 13

The leading cause of death for adolescents 16-20 years of age is

A)Gun-related accidents.
B)HIV/AIDS.
C)Accidents related to substance use.
D)Injuries from automobile accidents.

Question 14

Teenagers who are _____ years of age have the highest automobile accident rate of any age group.

A)15-16
B)15-18
C)16-19
D)17-19

Question 15

Omar recently passed his driver's license test.He has been given a license to drive only during the daytime and without teenage passengers.This type of license is called a

A)Stipulated driving license.
B)Driving permit.
C)Limited driving license.
D)Provisional driving license.

Question 16

Research demonstrates that driver's age and experience are negatively correlated.What does this mean

A)As age increases, driving inexperience decreases.
B)As age increases, driving inexperience increases.
C)As age increases, driving experience decreases.
D)None of the above-driver's age and experience are positively correlated.

Question 17

The CDC Youth Risk Study determined that

A)Males were more likely to carry guns to school than females.
B)Females were more likely to carry weapons to school, other than guns, than males.
C)Both males and females carried the same amount of weapons to school, although males were more likely to carry a gun.
D)It was too difficult to determine the percentage of weapons carried to school because students were afraid or reluctant to disclose this information.

Question 18

_____ are injuries that result from accidents or unplanned events.

A)Intentional injuries
B)Unintentional injuries
C)Calculated injuries
D)Deliberate injuries

Question 19

Gwendolyn is interested in the antecedents of cigarette smoking, thus she is interested in knowing about

A)The factors that influence cigarette smoking.
B)The factors that are the direct causes of cigarette smoking.
C)The outcomes of cigarette smoking.
D)The treatments for quitting smoking.

Question 20

Missy frequently uses psychological intimidation to make her children behave.This is considered a type of

A)Physical abuse.
B)Emotional abuse.
C)Elder abuse.
D)Parenting style but it is not a form of abuse.

Question 21

The Joe Camel cartoon was created to promote

A)Marijuana.
B)Cigarettes.
C)Alcohol.
D)Chewing tobacco.

Question 22

For individuals between the ages of 1 and 44, _____ pose the greatest health risks.

A)Automobile accidents
B)Violent outbursts
C)Intentional injuries
D)Unintentional injuries

Question 23

Various studies have been conducted on the effects of domestic violence on children.Which of the following is a finding of these studies

A)Children who witness domestic violence are not at any greater risk of becoming violent than children who have not witnessed domestic violence.
B)Even when not raised in an abusive environment, a pattern of aggressive behavior in childhood is likely to predict aggressive behavior in adulthood.
C)Emotional abuse of children is less likely to have a psychological impact on children than physical abuse.
D)Children who have witnessed domestic violence are less likely to be abused in a relationship when they are adults.

Question 24

The National Center for Health Statistics estimated that in 2006, approximately _____ of all adults in the U.S.smoked.

A)20%
B)40%
C)50%
D)60%

Question 25

Reed is engaging in a(n) _____ behavior, meaning his behavior is widely accepted by society.

A)Public norm
B)Socially normative behavior
C)Influential behavior
D)Adjustable behavior

Question 26

Smoking rates in the U.S.have _____ over the past 40 years.

A)Increased
B)Decreased
C)Remained the same
D)Not been measured

Question 27

Which of the following statements is FALSE with reference to suicide in the U.S.

A)Suicide is more prevalent in females than males.
B)Suicide rates are higher for older adults than younger adults.
C)Native Americans have one of the highest suicide rates in the U.S.
D)Individuals 65 years of age and older commit 1 suicide for every 4 attempts.

Question 28

The highest suicide rate for women in the U.S.occurs among the _____ year old age groups.

A)20-30
B)30-40
C)40-50
D)50-60

Question 29

With reference to Alaskan Natives and Native Americans, which of the following societal reasons is cited for an increased suicide rate

A)Cultural marginalization
B)Too many employment options are causing extreme stress
C)They live in areas which are too densely populated
D)All of the above

Question 30

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which person would be at highest risk for committing suicide in the U.S.

A)A 30 year old female.
B)A 45 year old male.
C)A 65 year old female.
D)A 75 year old male.

Question 31

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the research findings on adolescent social role models and smoking

A)The smoking rates of teens increases when the on-screen smoking is done by the teen's favorite movie star.
B)Adolescent smoking behavior is not influenced by observing on-screen smoking.
C)There are no signs of gender effects of smoking models on later smoking behaviors.
D)Teens exposed to smoking by actors are not more likely to associate with other teens who smoke.

Question 32

When comparing adolescents who were "regular" smokers, researchers found that _____ were more likely to report smoking up to 10 cigarettes per day than were African American males.

A)Hispanic males
B)Native American males
C)Native American males and females
D)Caucasian males

Question 33

In a study conducted by Fischer et al.(1991), researchers found that children were more successful in ly identifying Joe Camel than

A)Snoopy.
B)Daffy Duck.
C)Bugs Bunny.
D)Mickey Mouse.

Question 34

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), suicide rates are lowest in _____ and _____.

A)China; Japan
B)China; Russia
C)Africa; the South Pacific
D)Eastern Europe; Japan

Question 35

More than 70% of adult smokers report that they began smoking before age

A)15.
B)16.
C)17.
D)18.

Question 36

_____ are examples of environmental factors that contribute to substance use.

A)Attitudes and behaviors of family and friends
B)Personal beliefs
C)Religious values
D)Product advertisements

Question 37

Bethel and Schenker (2005) reported that the _____ process influences the rates with which Hispanic women use cigarettes.

A)Demographic
B)Acculturation
C)Socioeconomic
D)Gender socialization

Question 38

Statistics on dating violence suggest that abusive relationships

A)May go undetected in the early stages of a relationship.
B)Are often undetected because victims fear retaliation if they disclose the abuse.
C)Are not always accurately calculated because shame prevents many victims from talking about their abusive experiences.
D)All of the above

Question 39

Cognitive-affective theories propose that _____ factors influence the likelihood of substance use.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 40

According to the global statistics on smoking (2008), _____ has one of the largest numbers of tobacco consumers.

A)Japan
B)England
C)India
D)Brazil

Question 41

_____ causes physical and mental abnormalities in the developing fetus when a pregnant mother abuses alcohol.

A)Fetal Substance Abuse Syndrome
B)Alcohol Induced Disorder
C)Substance Abuse Disorder
D)Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 42

Petraitis coined the term _____ to include components of the 4 main theoretical categories of substance use.

A)Integrationists
B)Conventionalists
C)Interactionists
D)Behaviorists

Question 43

Excessive alcohol consumption may be categorized as _____ drinking or _____ drinking.

A)Addicted; binge
B)Binge; heavy
C)Moderate; heavy
D)Illegal; addicted

Question 44

_____ believe that an individual's characteristics may influence the timing and occurrence of substance use.

A)Integrationists
B)Personality trait theorists
C)Social learning theorists
D)Ecological theorists

Question 45

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) define a "standard drink" of alcohol as one that contains about _____ of pure alcohol.

A)0.25 ounces
B)0.5 ounces
C)0.6 ounces
D)0.65 ounces

Question 46

What are plant phenolics

A)Antioxidants that protect against some forms of cardiovascular disease and cancer
B)Roots of certain plants used to curb nicotine cravings
C)Types of plants that contain medicinal properties
D)None of the above

Question 47

Joel was recently diagnosed with _____, which prevents his liver from properly removing wastes from his body.

A)Cirrhosis
B)Lymphoma
C)Chron's disease
D)Gastrointestinal disease

Question 48

Plant phenolics are found in some types of

A)White wines.
B)Red wines.
C)Fermented beers.
D)Cigarettes.

Question 49

_____ theorists view an adolescent's level of attachment to social institutions as buffers against substance use.

A)Cognitive-affective
B)Conventional commitment
C)Ecological
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 50

The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Health Belief Model are both included in the _____ theories of substance use.

A)Cognitive-affective
B)Integrationist
C)Ecological
D)Conventional commitment

Question 51

Buffers against substance use are factors that

A)Psychologically assist an adolescent with no longer using substances.
B)Help an adolescent understand the treatment methods for substance addictions.
C)Protect an adolescent from initiating substance use.
D)All of the above

Question 52

Darius would like to have a drink with dinner.According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on "standard" drinks, which of the following should Darius have

A)A 2 ounce glass of 80-proof distilled liquor
B)An 8 ounce glass of wine
C)A 12 ounce beer
D)A 16 ounce bottle of malt liquor

Question 53

According to the cognitive-affective theories, which of the following is a factor that influences the likelihood of a person using a substance

A)An individual's decision that the benefits of substance use outweigh the costs
B)An individual's negative attitudes about substance use
C)An individual's belief that the costs of using a substance exceed the benefits
D)An individual's religious views about substance use

Question 54

_____ examines initial substance use behaviors in the context of other problem behaviors that may occur.

A)Trait theory
B)Social learning theory
C)Problem-behavior theory
D)Conventional theory

Question 55

Conventional commitment theorists believe that weak bonds to structured systems may lead to

A)A decline in positive personality traits.
B)A decreased likelihood of substance use.
C)Weak relationships.
D)Deviant behaviors.

Question 56

Binge drinking involves

A)3 or more drinks in a single setting or within 2 hours.
B)5 or more drinks in a single setting or within 2 hours.
C)3 or more drinks per day.
D)5 or more drinks per day.

Question 57

Which of the following substance use theories would be considered integrationist

A)Model of vulnerability
B)Peer cluster theory
C)Problem-behavior theory
D)All of the above

Question 58

Robert theorizes that an adolescent's behaviors are not brought on by a desire to rebel against authorities, but rather by an absence of close personal ties to his family.Robert's theoretical position on substance use most closely fits that of the

A)Integrationists.
B)Conventional commitment theorists.
C)Social learning theorists.
D)Biopsychosocial theorists.

Question 59

Alcohol consumption is cited in _____ of cases of intimate partner violence.

A)50%
B)58%
C)66%
D)72%

Question 60

Petraitis et al.(1995) categorized 5 theories of substance abuse as all of the following EXCEPT

A)Social learning theories.
B)Personality trait theories.
C)Ecological theories.
D)Conventional commitment theories.

Question 61

Hydrochloride salt is a form of _____ that is processed and has been neutralized to create a powdery substance.

A)Nicotine
B)LSD
C)Opiate
D)Cocaine

Question 62

How does crack cocaine create a feeling of euphoria

A)It reabsorbs dopamine, causing an excess in the central nervous system.
B)It blocks the reabsorption of dopamine, causing an excess in the central nervous system.
C)It blocks the creation of dopamine, causing a shortage in the central nervous system.
D)It reabsorbs dopamine, causing the central nervous system to be relaxed.

Question 63

Who proposed the gateway theory of substance use

A)Brewer
B)Kandel
C)Bandura
D)Nelson

Question 64

Which of the following are considered "gateway drugs"

A)Chewing tobacco and alcohol
B)Cigarettes and non-prescription medications
C)Alcohol and cigarettes
D)Prescription and non-prescription medications

Question 65

Gladys frequents a nightclub where the "Club Drug" is commonly used.Which type of recreational drug is being used

A)MDMA
B)Cocaine
C)Methamphetamines
D)Heroin

Question 66

The results of a Harvard study on state health policies (Nelson et al., 2005) found that

A)State health policies have little effect on moderating drinking behaviors in college students.
B)State health policies can moderate drinking in both college students and adults.
C)State health policies moderate drinking in college students but not adults.
D)State health policies are effective at moderating drinking in adolescents and college students.

Question 67

Research statistics indicate that alcohol use is increasing among

A)Women and men equally.
B)Middle-aged women only.
C)Men and adolescent females.
D)Women and older adults.

Question 68

Cold remedies, such as Sudafed and Contac, are used to manufacture

A)Ecstasy.
B)Cocaine.
C)Methamphetamines.
D)Opiates.

Question 69

_____ is one of the 5 most commonly used illegal drugs in the U.S.

A)Ecstasy (MDMA)
B)LSD
C)Nicotine
D)Oxycodone

Question 70

Which neurotransmitter regulates the sensation of pleasure

A)Serotonin
B)Dopamine
C)Norepineprine
D)Estrogen

Question 71

_____ is one of the commonly abused prescription medications.

A)MDMA
B)Heroin
C)Morphine
D)Crack cocaine

Question 72

Which of the following statements is TRUE with reference to heroin in the U.S.

A)Current statistics report an increase in heroin use since the 1990s.
B)Current statistics report a decrease in heroin use since the 1990s.
C)Current statistics indicate that adolescents are engaging in more heroin use since the 1990s.
D)Current statistics indicate that heroin use is increasing more in males than females since the 1990s.

Question 73

Stimulant drugs _____ the central nervous system.

A)Relax
B)Depress
C)Excite
D)Do not affect

Question 74

Rodney lives in a developed country with one of the highest rates of cannabis use.Which country is Rodney most likely to live in

A)Japan
B)Australia
C)England
D)Spain

Question 75

Complications of methamphetamine use include

A)Hyperthermia.
B)Permanent memory loss.
C)Increased heart rate.
D)All of the above

Question 76

Xanax is considered a

A)Stimulant.
B)Depressant.
C)Narcotic.
D)Opioid.

Question 77

Jude is prescribed opioids, which indicates he was most likely experiencing

A)Heart palpitations.
B)Nicotine addiction.
C)Clinical depression.
D)A toothache.

Question 78

Why is it difficult to obtain statistics on the number of people abusing prescription drugs

A)Doctors may be unaware that prescriptions are being used for non-medicinal purposes.
B)The number of people abusing prescription drugs is too small to measure.
C)The number of people abusing prescription drugs is too large to measure.
D)None of the above

Question 79

According to the gateway theory of substance use, adolescent substance use begins with

A)Substances legal for adults.
B)Substances illegal for adults.
C)Older siblings pressuring the adolescent to use substances.
D)Non-prescription medications.

Question 80

Marijuana contains _____ more carcinogens than cigarettes.

A)20-30%
B)40-60%
C)50-70%
D)60-80%