Deck 7: Stress and Coping

Question 1

How does the endocrine system send messages to the body

A)Ductless glands
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Allostasis
D)Through the somatic nervous system

Answer 1

Ductless glands

Question 2

The central nervous system receives and responds to information obtained through

A)Autonomic receptor sites.
B)Peripheral receptor sites.
C)Sensory receptor sites.
D)Sympathetic receptor sites.

Answer 2

Sensory receptor sites.

Question 3

When finding alternate care and living arrangements for family members, women tend to cite _____ rather than the absence of socioemotional support as the principal reason for increased stress.

A)Physiological problems
B)Family conflicts over the decision
C)Employment conflict
D)Finances

Answer 3

Family conflicts over the decision

Question 4

The nervous system is comprised of _____ principal parts.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 5

Roger's body has returned to its normal, baseline state after he was frightened.This state is referred to as

A)Autonomic.
B)Adrenal.
C)Allostasis.
D)Normalcy.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal theories used to explain the relationship between stress and illness

A)General Adaptation Syndrome
B)Socialecological theory
C)Fight-or-flight theory
D)Transactional model

Question 7

Melanie is frightened while walking home from work late in the evening.According to the flight-or-fight theory, which systems would be activated in her body

A)Sympathetic and endocrine systems
B)Parasympathetic and endocrine systems
C)Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
D)None of the above

Question 8

The peripheral nervous system contains _____ substructures.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 9

_____ proposed the fight-or-flight theory of stress.

A)Seyle
B)Cannon
C)Lazarus
D)Folkman

Question 10

The opening story about Michael and Lucinda's decision to place Sarah in a nursing home demonstrates the effects of

A)Individual traits on physical and emotional health.
B)Mental health issues on family members.
C)Individual stressors on physical health.
D)Social environmental stressors on psychological and physical health problems.

Question 11

Men tend to cite _____ as a primary cause of tension and stress when choosing a nursing facility for a family member.

A)The absence of socioemotional support
B)Conflicts at work
C)Family conflicts
D)Physiological problems

Question 12

The fight-or-flight theory focuses on

A)The socioenvironmental effects of stress.
B)The body's psychological response to stress.
C)The body's physiological response to stress-inducing stimuli.
D)The emotional aspects of stress.

Question 13

A _____ is an event external to the human body that provokes a response.

A)Stressful stimulus
B)Stressful response
C)Stressful activator
D)Stress mechanism

Question 14

The sympathetic nervous system

A)Is a substructure of the somatic nervous system.
B)Serves as protection from external or internal threats.
C)Returns the body to its normal state after a threat.
D)Serves the same function as the pituitary gland.

Question 15

Which two glands in the endocrine system are responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress

A)Pituitary; thyroid
B)Pituitary; adrenal
C)Adrenal; thyroid
D)Thyroid; pancreas

Question 16

Physiological responses to stress are initiated by a complex communication process that takes place in the

A)Nervous system.
B)Pancreas.
C)Adrenal glands.
D)Pituitary gland.

Question 17

The _____ nervous system controls the automatic and involuntary functions that are essential for living.

A)Central
B)Somatic
C)Sympathetic
D)Autonomic

Question 18

Hormones are similar to _____ in that they are chemical messengers that facilitate the body's communication process.

A)Receptor sites
B)Glands
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Neurons

Question 19

The three principal theories of stress focus on

A)The correlation between socioeconomic factors and stress level.
B)The effects of stress on one's emotional well-being.
C)The relationship between stress and a physiological response that can lead to illness.
D)The impact of stress on educational attainment.

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT occur when we encounter a stressful event

A)Pupil dilation
B)Dry mouth
C)Suppression of sweat glands
D)Rapid heart rate

Question 21

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPAC) system is responsible for

A)Monitoring the production of epinephrine in the body.
B)Producing stress hormones to cope with incoming stressors.
C)Stimulating the body when a stimulus is detected.
D)Restoring the body to its baseline state after a stressor.

Question 22

According to Lazarus and Folkman, changes in a person's behavior and reassessments of perceived threats are called

A)Stimulus responses.
B)Coping strategies.
C)Transactions.
D)Fight-or-flight behaviors.

Question 23

Hans Selye defined stress as the organism's response to any form of

A)Threatening circumstance.
B)Noxious stimulus.
C)Distraction.
D)Psychological stimulus.

Question 24

Adrenaline is also called

A)Epinephrine.
B)Dopamine.
C)Catecholamine.
D)Estrogen.

Question 25

_____ is used as a physiological indicator of stress.

A)Estrogen
B)Thyroxin
C)Epinephrine
D)Dopamine

Question 26

_____ are anti-inflammatory agents that help to prevent damage to the body's organs during times of stress.

A)Adrenaline bursts
B)Hormones
C)Glucocorticoids
D)Adrenocorticals

Question 27

The transactional model of stress involves a person's

A)Continuous interactions and adjustments to the stressful event.
B)Physiological responses to an identified stressor.
C)Hormonal responses to a stressor.
D)Responses to any type of noxious stimulus.

Question 28

One of the functions of the endocrine system is to

A)Increase the production of serotonin when stress occurs.
B)Serve as a biological liaison between the autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
C)Release neurotransmitters throughout the body.
D)Respond to stress.

Question 29

The adrenal medulla produces

A)ACTH.
B)Catecholamine.
C)Dopamine.
D)Serotonin.

Question 30

The adrenal glands are located

A)Above the pituitary gland.
B)Adjacent to the pituitary gland.
C)Above the kidneys.
D)Below the kidneys.

Question 31

The _____ theory was the first to fully describe the body's biological response to stress.

A)Fight-or-flight
B)General Adaptation Syndrome
C)Transactional
D)Biopsychosocial

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a component of cognitive appraisal

A)Primary appraisal
B)Reevaluation appraisal
C)Secondary appraisal
D)Cognitive reappraisal

Question 33

The _____ is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

A)Alarm stage
B)Stage of resistance
C)Stage of exhaustion
D)Fight or flight stage

Question 34

The shock phase of stress is part of the

A)Stage of resistance.
B)Stimulus stage.
C)Stage of exhaustion.
D)Alarm stage.

Question 35

Ryan has been going through a great deal of stress at work.He has recently developed an ulcer because of the stress.According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), Ryan is in the

A)Alarm stage.
B)Stage of resistance.
C)Stimulus stage.
D)Stage of exhaustion.

Question 36

The primary critique of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is that

A)Physiological factors are not considered.
B)The theory is too focused on the effects of environmental factors.
C)The theory is unable to explain the role of psychosocial variables on illness.
D)None of the above

Question 37

Where is the pituitary gland located

A)Adjacent to the hypothalamus
B)Adjacent to the thyroid gland
C)Adjacent to the thalamus
D)Within the autonomic nervous system

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A)Alarm stage
B)Stimulus stage
C)Stage of resistance
D)Stage of exhaustion

Question 39

The _____ controls basic human needs such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex.

A)Pancreas
B)Pituitary gland
C)Thalamus
D)Hypothalamus

Question 40

During the _____, the responses characterized as the fight-or-flight reaction become evident.

A)Shock phase
B)Countershock phase
C)Stage of exhaustion
D)Stimulus stage

Question 41

According to the Crandall et al.Undergraduate Stress Questionnaire, which of the following has the highest score

A)Crammed for a test
B)Death of a family member or friend
C)Roommate conflicts
D)Fought with boy/girlfriend

Question 42

Stress stimulates the release of the hormone

A)Cortisol.
B)Glucocortoids.
C)Catecholamine.
D)All of the above

Question 43

A sudden and intense response to a stressful stimuli is called

A)Acute stress.
B)Chronic stress.
C)Primary stress.
D)Unanticipated stress.

Question 44

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is

A)A scale used to measure anger management styles.
B)Comprised of over 60 life events linked to stressors.
C)One of the best known measures of psychosocial stress.
D)A scale made up of life events ordered from least stressful to most stressful.

Question 45

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) suggests a relationship between the number of stressful experiences, the perceived severity of the event, and

A)Temperament.
B)Overall physical health.
C)Personality type.
D)Mental health issues.

Question 46

_____ developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS).

A)Lazarus and Folkman
B)Selye
C)Holmes and Rahe
D)Ragin

Question 47

The _____ personality includes high levels of competitiveness, high need for achievement and hostile or aggressive tendencies.

A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type 1
D)Type 2

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

A)Wording problems
B)Lack of differentiation between positive or negative events
C)Life events are duplicated
D)Inability to account for individual differences in truthfulness

Question 49

A study by Heijmans et al.(2004) found that participants with one of 10 chronic diseases were most anxious about

A)The type of treatment they would be receiving.
B)Becoming dependent on another person.
C)The financial effects of their illness.
D)The unpredictable consequences of their disease.

Question 50

_____ was most likely the first to propose that heart ailments could be related to a person's emotional state or personality.

A)Hans Selye
B)John Hunter
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Walter Cannon

Question 51

Physiological changes are triggered in the body by the _____ system when a situation is cognitively appraised as threatening.

A)Sympathetic
B)Parasympathetic
C)Somatic
D)Pancreatic

Question 52

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the transactional model of stress

A)Responses to stress are primarily based on physiological reactions.
B)Stress is both a stimulus and a response.
C)Mood has little to do with the way stress is handled.
D)The stage of exhaustion is similar to secondary appraisal.

Question 53

Researchers (Orsal, et al., 2012) have found an association between psychological stress among college students and

A)Levels of depression.
B)Sleep disturbances.
C)Suppressed immune systems.
D)Anger outbursts.

Question 54

The assessment of one's resources and determination of how sufficient the resources are to meet the demands of a stressful event is called

A)Primary appraisal.
B)Secondary appraisal.
C)Cognitive appraisal.
D)Reevaluation appraisal.

Question 55

People who exhibit a generally negative affect have a _____ personality.

A)Type 1
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)Type D

Question 56

According to the Diathesis-Stress (D-S) model of disease, which two factors are necessary determinants to cause the onset of a stress-related illness

A)Physiological and psychological factors
B)Sociological and physiological factors
C)Biological predisposition and environmental precipitating factors
D)Biological and sociocultural factors

Question 57

Elevated cortisol levels are linked to

A)A more resilient immune system.
B)Anxiety and depression.
C)Lower blood pressure.
D)Chronic back pain.

Question 58

The work of Brendgen and Vitaro (2001) suggests a link between emotional temperament and physical health for

A)Adolescent girls.
B)Adolescent boys.
C)Both adolescent girls and boys.
D)Adult males.

Question 59

Critics of the Diathesis-Stress (D-S) model argue that the model does not

A)Include a thorough review of the biopsychosocial factors involved in the stress response.
B)Specify the gender differences related to the assessment of stressful environments.
C)Explain the relationship between stress and illness in the absence of preexisting vulnerabilities.
D)Include psychological factors related to health outcomes.

Question 60

Prolonged and long-term stress is called

A)Acute stress.
B)Chronic stress.
C)Primary stress.
D)Secondary stress.

Question 61

_____ is the use of cognitive strategies to view a situation in a more positive light.

A)Problem-focused coping
B)Positive reappraisal
C)Emotion-focused coping
D)Coping

Question 62

Research conducted by Cohen and Wills (1985) concluded that social support

A)Serves as a buffer from the potentially negative influences of stress.
B)Is mildly useful when using the problem-focused coping style.
C)Is most helpful when it comes from a family member.
D)Is most effective for adolescents who are learning problem-solving techniques.

Question 63

Lazarus' study of stressors found that the _____ was predictive of psychological health.

A)Hassles scale
B)Uplift scale
C)Subjective hassles scale
D)Student stressor scale

Question 64

Research on social support and its effects on problem solving indicates that

A)Social support is not as useful to problem solving as once thought.
B)The two are somewhat correlated.
C)There is a direct and positive effect on health.
D)None of the above

Question 65

The _____ coping style tends to be the most effective method of dealing with stressors.

A)Problem-focused
B)Emotion-focused
C)Wellness
D)Engagement

Question 66

Which type of coping style is most likely to involve substance use

A)Emotion-focused
B)Problem-focused
C)Engagement
D)Disengagement

Question 67

The two primary types of cognitive coping styles are

A)Engagement/disengagement- and problem-focused
B)Problem/emotion-focused and psychological-focused
C)Engagement- and emotion-focused
D)Problem/emotion-focused and engagement/disengagement-focused

Question 68

Nilsson's study on the effects of music on postoperative bypass surgery indicated that music has a beneficial _____ effect on the body.

A)Physiological
B)Psychological
C)Physiological and psychological
D)Emotional

Question 69

The least effective method of coping with stressors is the _____ style.

A)Problem-focused
B)Emotion-focused
C)Engagement
D)Disengagement

Question 70

According to Lazarus, which of the following is an example of a household hassle

A)Being lonely
B)Financial responsibilities
C)Neighborhood deterioration
D)Shopping

Question 71

Research on support networks and stress indicate that

A)Specific assistance from a support network is a necessary component for effective reduction of stress.
B)Social support is most useful when it is direct rather than indirect.
C)The perception of an available network can serve as a buffer against stress.
D)Individuals with Type-A personalities are most likely to benefit from support networks.

Question 72

The _____ style of coping is a hybrid of the problem/emotion-focused coping method.

A)Wellness
B)Engagement
C)Disengagement
D)Problematic

Question 73

The findings of Allen and Blascovich's (1994) study on music and surgeons' performance in the operating room concluded that stress measures were lowest and performance enhanced when

A)Classical music was played.
B)Rock-and-roll music was played.
C)Surgeons selected the music they most enjoyed.
D)There was no music in the operating room.

Question 74

According to the author of the textbook, in what way can stress be a positive experience

A)Stressful events may cause weight loss.
B)Stressful events may lead to more humor in one's life.
C)A positive affect toward the stressful event may lead to growth opportunities and new skill development.
D)Stress cannot be considered a positive experience due to the damaging physiological effects it has on health outcomes.

Question 75

Studies on the effects of music and its effect on stress indicate that

A)Music can lower blood pressure.
B)Music has an effect on speed and accuracy during performance tasks.
C)Music can be indirectly beneficial.
D)All of the above

Question 76

How do the emotion-focused coping style and engagement coping style differ

A)The engagement coping style is more focused on emotion rather than problem-solving.
B)The engagement coping style looks for a sympathetic but helpful audience, whereas the emotion-focused style does not seek a helpful audience.
C)The engagement coping style is used more frequently by females than the emotion-focused style.
D)The emotion-focused style is a healthier way of problem-solving than the engagement style.

Question 77

Lazarus' theoretical perspective contends that _____ are more likely to cause negative health outcomes than are major events.

A)Socioeconomic issues
B)Daily life hassles
C)Chronic diseases
D)Occupational hassles

Question 78

_____ are hormones that enhance positive mood states.

A)Catecholamines
B)Endorphins
C)Glucocorticoids
D)Cortisols

Question 79

Which of the following is considered to be a cognitive approach to problem solving

A)Searching for information about a health concern on the internet
B)Aromatherapy
C)Musical relaxation
D)Dancing

Question 80

Leslie often turns to alcohol as a means of coping with her stressors.This is a type of _____ coping style.

A)Engagement
B)Disengagement
C)Problem-focused
D)Emotion-focused