Deck 9: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Lola has been diagnosed with the leading cause of heart attacks, which is called

A)Cerebrovascular disease.
B)Angina.
C)Coronary artery disease.
D)Hypertension.

Answer 1

Coronary artery disease.

Question 2

In more than _____ of cases, cardiac arrest is caused by a prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD).

A)50%
B)65%
C)80%
D)95%

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

A _____ measures the electrical activity of the heart while an individual exercises.

A)Cardio measurement
B)Heart monitor
C)Stress test
D)Blood flow test

Answer 3

Stress test

Question 4

Cardiac arrest is caused by

A)Angina.
B)Ventricular fibrillation.
C)Sinus nodes.
D)Systolic blood pressure.

Question 5

The heart is a

A)Part of the central nervous system.
B)Muscle.
C)Gland.
D)Part of the endocrine system.

Question 6

A heart attack is also called

A)Myocardial infarction.
B)Angina.
C)Hypertension.
D)Ventricular fibrillation.

Question 7

Dietary habits of children as young as _____ years old can predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

A)5
B)8
C)9
D)12

Question 8

Cardiovascular disease refers to a number of diseases that damage the heart or its vessels as a result of

A)The heart's inability to properly deoxygenate blood.
B)Too much strenuous exercise.
C)Malfunctions of the heart's ventricles.
D)Atherosclerosis.

Question 9

Cardiovascular diseases are classified as _____ diseases.

A)Genetic
B)Limited
C)Acute
D)Chronic

Question 10

What part of the body reoxygenates blood from the heart

A)Lungs
B)Brain
C)Endocrine system
D)Liver

Question 11

The heart consists of _____ chambers.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6

Question 12

The heart's resting or relaxation state is called _____ blood pressure.

A)Systolic
B)Diastolic
C)Mitral
D)Pulmonary

Question 13

Which of the following statements is FALSE about cardiovascular disease

A)Plaque buildup is unpreventable.
B)A reduction in blood flow may cause damage to the heart.
C)Plaque hardens the vessels, thereby impeding blood flow to the heart.
D)Healthy eating habits can help prevent cardiovascular disease.

Question 14

The _____ helps move the blood into the chambers of the heart.

A)Arterial valve
B)Ventricle
C)Atrium
D)Heartbeat

Question 15

According to the opening story in chapter 9, Tim Russert's heart attack was a shock to many people because

A)He was taking medication for heart disease and had passed a stress test.
B)He was in excellent shape and had recently run a marathon.
C)He had only recently been diagnosed with coronary artery disease.
D)He had no prior knowledge that he even had coronary artery disease.

Question 16

Coronary artery disease is a disease caused by

A)Tumors.
B)Plaque.
C)Immune system failure.
D)Deterioration of the central nervous system.

Question 17

The heart is the focal point of the body's _____ system.

A)Endocrine
B)Circulatory
C)Central nervous
D)Lymphatic

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the body's capillaries

A)They reoxygenate the blood before it is pumped back into the heart.
B)They extract oxygen from the blood before returning the blood to the heart.
C)They allow carbon dioxide to pass through the capillary walls into the blood to be carried by the lungs for removal.
D)They help speed the transmission of blood throughout the body.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT carried in the blood

A)Oxygen
B)Hormones
C)Nutrients
D)Carbon dioxide

Question 20

What is the purpose of the heart's sinus nodes

A)They resupply the blood with new oxygen.
B)They regulate diastolic blood pressure.
C)They serve as a pacemaker for the heart.
D)They provide nutrients to the blood supply.

Question 21

More than _____ of current cases of hypertension worldwide are diagnosed as primary hypertension.

A)50%
B)65%
C)85%
D)95%

Question 22

The most common type of hypertension is called

A)Originating hypertension.
B)Essential hypertension.
C)Secondary hypertension.
D)Cerebrovascular hypertension.

Question 23

_____ is a condition that renders a person unconscious and is fatal unless the heart is jolted back to its normal rhythm.

A)Cardiac arrest
B)Hemorrhagic stroke
C)Myocardial infarction
D)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 24

Studies that examine _____ appear to offer more reliable measures of the impact of perceived racism on physiological health.

A)Systolic blood pressure levels
B)Cerebrovascular activity
C)Cardiovascular reactivity
D)Ventricular blood flow

Question 25

_____ may cause a hemorrhagic stroke.

A)Interruption of blood flow to the brain
B)Cardiac arrest
C)Hypertension
D)Ventricular blockage

Question 26

A study conducted by James et al.(1984) concluded that men with greater success in their jobs who reported perceived racism were significantly more likely to have _____ than men who reported no workplace racism.

A)Higher diastolic blood pressure
B)Higher systolic blood pressure
C)Higher risk factors for heart attack
D)Higher risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

Question 27

_____ hypertension is a result of behavioral factors.

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Essential
D)Indirect

Question 28

The Type-A personality was first introduced by

A)Seyle and Lepore.
B)Folkman and Lazarus.
C)Glynn and Sollers.
D)Friedman and Friedman.

Question 29

The chance of surviving a cardiac arrest after _____ is poor.

A)6 minutes
B)8 minutes
C)15 minutes
D)30 minutes

Question 30

Which type of stroke involves a rupture of blood vessels in the brain

A)Hemorrhagic
B)Ischemic
C)Cerebrovascular
D)Vascular

Question 31

Which of the 2 processes used to restart the heart after cardiac arrest does not involve the use of medical equipment

A)Cardiac circulation
B)Automated external defibrillators
C)Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
D)None of the above

Question 32

Studies (Ragin et al., 2005) indicate that ____ is/are more effective and work more quickly than _____ in restoring the heart's normal rhythm.

A)CPR; AEDs
B)AEDs; CPR
C)CCs; CPR
D)AEDs; CCs

Question 33

Current research suggests that the association between stress and hypertension is strongest when the stressful event is

A)Related to one's family situation.
B)Unplanned.
C)Sudden.
D)Persistent.

Question 34

Researchers have concluded that _____ predict a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than the overall Type-A personality traits.

A)Impatience and anger
B)Anger and cynicism
C)Aggressiveness and impatience
D)Aggressiveness and stress

Question 35

Researchers (Penn State, 2008; Kunz, 1982) indicate that one contributing factor to essential hypertension may be

A)Smoking.
B)Genetics.
C)Alcohol consumption.
D)Lack of proper nutrition.

Question 36

A study of 200 French workers (Reid et al, 2005) found that _____ was associated with high levels of hypertension, especially for women.

A)Financial strain
B)Job strain
C)Poor health
D)Lack of adequate health care

Question 37

The sphygmomanometer is used to measure

A)Blood pressure.
B)Blood flow to the brain.
C)The level of oxygen in the blood.
D)Electrical impulses in the heart.

Question 38

One of the problems associated with studies on racism and blood pressure is the

A)Difficulty in precisely measuring an individual's reaction to a perceived racist event.
B)Length of time it takes to conduct this type of study.
C)Ethical dilemma of subjecting research participants to racism.
D)All of the above

Question 39

The precipitating factor for a cardiac arrest is

A)Coronary artery disease.
B)Automated external defibrillation.
C)Plaque causing blockage of blood flow to the heart.
D)An interruption in the electrical impulses sent by the sinus nodes.

Question 40

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with high blood pressure

A)Painful headaches
B)Unexplained nosebleeds
C)Heart palpitations
D)All of the above

Question 41

_____ are chemical compounds that form the basis of all living organisms.

A)Grains
B)Carbohydrates
C)Proteins
D)Fats

Question 42

The newly revised nutrition pyramid suggests a person needs _____ cups of vegetables per day.

A)2
B)2.5
C)3
D)3.5

Question 43

The newly revised food pyramid is based on a _____ calorie diet.

A)1500
B)2000
C)2200
D)2500

Question 44

Gene's nutritionist encourages him to limit his intake of trans fat because

A)It raises the levels of low-density lipoproteins in the body.
B)It contributes to the loss of muscle and tissue in the body.
C)It is expensive and unnecessary for the body.
D)It has been linked to depression.

Question 45

When controlled, _____ can lessen the risk of contracting cardiovascular disease.

A)Behavioral factors
B)Essential personality features
C)Primary behaviors
D)Moderating risk factors

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT considered a principal risk factor for cardiovascular disease

A)Diabetes
B)Excessive alcohol consumption
C)High levels of stress
D)Physical inactivity

Question 47

_____ are the "garbage trucks" of the blood system.

A)Low-density lipoproteins
B)High-density lipoproteins
C)Saturated fats
D)Monounsaturated fats

Question 48

Which of the following statements is TRUE

A)Low levels of "good" carbohydrates can help protect heart health.
B)Low fat, high carbohydrate diets are best for weight loss.
C)Women who consume large amounts of "good" carbohydrates daily are at lower risk for cardiovascular disease.
D)None of the above

Question 49

The main component of carbohydrates is

A)Fat.
B)A sugar molecule.
C)Protein.
D)B vitamin.

Question 50

Saturated fats are to _____ fat as monounsaturated fats are to _____ fat.

A)Higher; lower
B)Lower; higher
C)Good; bad
D)Bad; good

Question 51

Which of the following is considered a "good" fat

A)Low density fat.
B)Polyunsaturated fat.
C)Trans fatty acid.
D)Lipoprotein.

Question 52

Research studies on cardiovascular disease suggest that the risk of heart disease among active duty military personnel may be

A)Lower than expected.
B)Higher than expected.
C)Lower than the general public.
D)Higher for males than females.

Question 53

One of the problems with the early nutrition pyramid was that

A)Many people did not understand what was meant by a "serving."
B)The pyramid was difficult to remember.
C)Most people were unaware that the pyramid existed.
D)All of the above

Question 54

There are _____ principal risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 55

Which of the following is a food element of the nutrition pyramid

A)Fats
B)Proteins
C)Minerals
D)All of the above

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a food group category of the nutrition pyramid

A)Healthy fats
B)Meats and beans
C)Grains
D)Milk

Question 57

Williams et al.(2000) found that _____ can dislodge atherosclerosis plaque built up in the linings of the arteries.

A)Anger
B)Impatience
C)Aggressiveness
D)Stress

Question 58

According to the newly revised nutrition pyramid, approximately _____ minutes of physical activity each day may be needed to prevent weight gain.

A)30
B)45
C)60
D)90

Question 59

According to the Harvard School of Public Health (2008), "good" carbohydrates

A)Are contributors to weight gain, similar to "bad" carbohydrates.
B)Are found most often in white starches, such as potatoes and pasta.
C)Exist in small numbers, but most carbohydrates are considered "bad."
D)Can be more helpful and effective for long-term weight loss than carbohydrate-free diets.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the newly revised nutrition pyramid

A)It explains the role of exercise in preventing weight gain.
B)It provides various examples of exercises to lose weight.
C)It explains the types of "good" versus "bad" fats.
D)It explains the quantity of food to be consumed each day in easy-to-understand measurements.

Question 61

The Heart Truth uses a _____ as a symbol for raising awareness of heart disease among women.

A)Red ribbon
B)Pink ribbon
C)Red dress
D)Red rose

Question 62

Past research has _____ captured the incidences of heart disease among men, but _____ the incidences of heart disease among women.

A)Overestimated; underestimated
B)Accurately; underestimated
C)Underestimated; accurately
D)Underestimated; overestimated

Question 63

Which of the following is a common symptom of heart disease in women

A)Tightness in the chest
B)Lower back pain
C)Pain in the left arm
D)Pain in the right arm

Question 64

Research (Sclavo et al., 2001) indicates that 3-5 years after smoking, former female smokers have a risk profile for heart disease comparable to

A)Women who have never smoked.
B)Men who have quit smoking for the same length of time.
C)Male smokers who have not quit smoking.
D)None of the above

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of higher rates of cardiovascular disease among older adults

A)Medications for other health conditions may slow the heart's ability to return to normal resting state levels.
B)Co-occurring chronic diseases impair the heart's functioning over time.
C)The body's aging process.
D)The eating habits of older adults decline with age.

Question 66

Linda is undergoing _____ to restore her estrogen to premenopausal levels.

A)Strength-training sessions
B)Hormone balancing treatments
C)Hormone replacement therapy
D)Mineral replacement therapy

Question 67

Studies overwhelmingly suggest that nutritional programs should include _____ as a primary target audience.

A)Children and adolescents
B)Teenagers
C)Middle-aged females
D)The elderly

Question 68

McGraw et al.(2008) and Gutmann et al.(2002) found that between 1996-1999, approximately _____ of exercise related deaths were attributed to coronary artery disease (CAD).

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 69

Approximately _____ of men die within one year of having an initial and identified heart attack.

A)25%
B)30%
C)35%
D)40%

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of heart disease in men

A)Tightness in the chest
B)Pain in the shoulder
C)Shortness of breath
D)Pain in the left arm

Question 71

Cardiovascular disease is the _____ leading cause of death for women nationally and globally.

A)1st
B)2nd
C)3rd
D)4th

Question 72

Which of the following is TRUE regarding missed findings for women in studies related to coronary artery disease (CAD)

A)Women were not regularly included as study participants.
B)Large numbers of women were not studied initially.
C)There was a common belief that women did not experience as much stress as men.
D)All of the above

Question 73

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding communities

A)The number of communities a person associates with is important to positive health outcomes.
B)The most important feature of a community is the level of influence it exerts on a person.
C)Cybercommunities, such as Facebook or MySpace, are not as effective at providing support as traditional, face-to-face communities.
D)Communities do not include "geographic space."

Question 74

One of the findings of studies related to military personnel and coronary artery disease is that

A)Females in the military are at lower risk for heart disease than males in the military.
B)Active duty personnel are at lower risk of heart disease than the general public because they participate in daily rigorous physical exercise programs.
C)Vigorous physical activity without medical supervision and monitoring may be harmful.
D)Atherosclerosis tends to begin in the later stages of life.

Question 75

_____ is a protective factor that helps minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease (CAD) in women who are premenopausal.

A)Estrogen
B)Dopamine
C)Serotonin
D)Epidermis

Question 76

Scientists have discovered that the drug BiDil works effectively at treating _____ patients with diagnosed cases of heart failure.

A)African American
B)Caucasian
C)Hispanics
D)Asian

Question 77

Statistics show that the prevalence rates for cardiovascular disease increase approximately ____ from ages 40-59 to ages 60-79.

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 78

Research by Bielak et al.(2007) concluded that the Amish had significantly higher levels of coronary artery calcification than the Rochester group, partly because

A)Several individuals in the Rochester group used prescription medicine for lowering cholesterol and blood pressure.
B)The Amish are missing a special type of antigen in their blood.
C)Of genetic factors.
D)All of the above

Question 79

One of the first steps to improving longevity is

A)Regular exercise.
B)Moderate consumption of alcohol.
C)Maintaining a moderate weight.
D)All of the above

Question 80

Which of the following individuals is most likely to report the first signs of cardiovascular health problems

A)20 year old female
B)36 year old male
C)40 year old female
D)42 year old male