Deck 11: Cancer

Question 1

A cancer is a collection of cells that reproduce in an uncontrolled manner, forming a

A)Large grouping of T cells.
B)Mass of cells.
C)Variation of white blood cells.
D)Glioma.

Answer 1

Mass of cells.

Question 2

Luke was recently diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma.This type of cancer is commonly called

A)Skin cancer.
B)Leukemia.
C)Prostate cancer.
D)Lymphoma.

Answer 2

Skin cancer.

Question 3

Leukemia is the most common form of cancer in _____ in the U.S.

A)Adults
B)Children
C)Males
D)Females

Answer 3

Children

Question 4

Leukemia is most commonly found in the

A)Soft-tissue of the muscles.
B)Bone marrow.
C)Glands.
D)Lungs.

Question 5

Basal cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in people over age

A)20.
B)30.
C)40.
D)50.

Question 6

One environmental contributor to the development of leukemia, especially in children under age 5, is

A)Low socioeconomic status.
B)Genetic predisposition.
C)Exposure or proximity to nuclear power plants.
D)All of the above

Question 7

The late Senator Ted Kennedy was diagnosed with _____, a malignant, cancerous tumor thought to be attributed to cell phone use.

A)Carcinoma
B)Karposi's Sarcoma
C)Lymphoma
D)Glioma

Question 8

_____ tumors are usually not life-threatening.

A)Malignant
B)Benign
C)Cancerous
D)Metastasized

Question 9

Studies conducted on first generation cell phone users showed that

A)Tumors usually grew on the side of the head of which there was frequent contact with a cell phone.
B)Those who used cell phones frequently did not have a higher rate of brain tumors than those who infrequently used cell phones.
C)Tumors were more likely to develop in males.
D)There was no evidence of increased risk of brain tumors for frequent cell phone users.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the most frequently occurring forms of cancer in the U.S.

A)Prostate cancer
B)Colorectal cancer
C)Brain cancer
D)Cervical cancer

Question 11

White blood cells in the lymph glands are called

A)T cells.
B)B cells.
C)Lymphocytes.
D)Lymphnodes.

Question 12

Heavy cell phone use is characterized by _____ or more years of use.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 principal categories of cancer

A)Carcinomas
B)Sarcomas
C)Squamous
D)Leukemia

Question 14

Renita has a fatal form of lymphoma.She most likely has a diagnosis of

A)Hodgkin's lymphoma.
B)Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
C)Leukemia.
D)Basal cell carcinoma.

Question 15

_____ is the most frequently occurring, yet least deadly, form of cancer in the U.S.

A)Prostate cancer
B)Breast cancer
C)Lymphoma
D)Skin cancer

Question 16

More than _____ of individuals in need of bone marrow transplants are unable to find a suitable donor with compatible bone marrow.

A)70%
B)75%
C)80%
D)85%

Question 17

_____ tumors grow and multiply uncontrollably and are considered life-threatening.

A)Benign
B)Cancerous
C)Malignant
D)Lymphatic

Question 18

Sarcomas are soft-tissue cancers that can occur in

A)Fat.
B)Muscles.
C)Tendons.
D)All of the above

Question 19

Both T cells and B cells are types of _____ cells.

A)Cancer
B)Metastasized
C)Red blood
D)White blood

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a reason cited for inconclusive findings on cell phones and brain tumors

A)Cell phone technology has changed over the past 30 years.
B)Newer cell phones use analog technology, which permits higher-frequency radio signals, posing fewer health risks.
C)First generation cell phones emitted low-frequency radio waves that some researchers believe are harmful after prolonged exposure.
D)Research is not yet available on the effects of long-term use of digital cell phones.

Question 21

Studies on breast cancer conducted in the U.S.show greater incidences of breast cancer among _____ women than African American or Latina women.

A)Asian
B)Caucasian
C)Native American
D)European

Question 22

A _____ is a cancer-causing agent.

A)Mutation
B)Carcinoma
C)Carcinogen
D)Sarcoma

Question 23

The ethnic group showing the strongest association between BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 and breast cancer is

A)Ashkenazi Jewish women.
B)European women.
C)Swedish women.
D)Icelandic women.

Question 24

Death rates due to cancer _____ for men from 1992-2000.

A)Increased
B)Decreased
C)Remained the same
D)Significantly increased

Question 25

Developed countries have a higher incidence of _____ cancers.

A)Lung and pancreatic
B)Prostate and breast
C)Colorectal, prostate, and breast
D)Lung, prostate, and breast

Question 26

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the leading cause of deaths from cancer, for both genders, is

A)Lung and bronchial cancer.
B)Prostate and breast cancer.
C)Lung and colorectal.
D)Pancreatic and colorectal.

Question 27

_____ from cellular phones may contribute to the growth of tumors in the brain.

A)Mutated pollutants
B)Analogous waves
C)Nuclear waves
D)Radio waves

Question 28

Asbestos and cell phones are considered environmental

A)Carcinogens.
B)Carcinomas.
C)Sarcomas.
D)Pollutants.

Question 29

A study conducted by Uhrhammer & Bignos (2008) concluded that some colorectal cancers have been linked to

A)Karposi sarcoma.
B)Leukemia.
C)Lynch syndrome.
D)Ovarian cancer.

Question 30

BRCA1 and BRCA 2 are _____ that have been linked to breast cancer in some racial and ethnic populations.

A)Types of nerve tissue
B)Cancer cells
C)White blood cells
D)Mutated genes

Question 31

An individual's lifetime risk of colorectal cancer is increased when _____ have been diagnosed with the disease.

A)Parents or siblings
B)Grandparents
C)Aunts and uncles
D)All of the above

Question 32

Developing countries report a higher prevalence for _____ cancer for men.

A)Stomach and liver
B)Prostate
C)Prostate and lung
D)Pancreatic

Question 33

American women tend to _____ their risks for breast cancer.

A)Ignore
B)Neglect
C)Underestimate
D)Overestimate

Question 34

African American women are _____ times more likely to die from breast cancer than Caucasian women.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 35

Public service advertisements designed to educate the public about cancer were started as early as

A)1893.
B)1913.
C)1958.
D)1980.

Question 36

Many cancers in developed countries are linked to _____ factors.

A)Lifestyle
B)Demographic
C)Ethnic
D)None of the above

Question 37

Worldwide, cancer accounts for approximately _____ of deaths.

A)2%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 38

On average, African Americans are more likely to die _____ years or less after a diagnosis of cancer of any type than are Caucasian Americans.

A)3
B)5
C)8
D)9

Question 39

Recent U.S.mortality statistics indicate that, as of 2011, cancers were the _____ leading cause of death.

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 40

Women in developing countries have a higher prevalence of _____ cancer.

A)Breast
B)Lung
C)Colon
D)Uterine

Question 41

A large scale European study (Pischon, Lehmann & Boeing; 2006) revealed a significant correlation between _____ and colon cancer.

A)Cigarette smoking
B)BMI
C)Socioeconomic factors
D)Lack of exercise

Question 42

The leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S.is

A)Exposure to asbestos.
B)Cigarette smoking.
C)Obesity.
D)Excessive consumption of alcohol.

Question 43

Breast self-examinations were designed to be performed

A)Daily.
B)Monthly.
C)Every 6 weeks.
D)Yearly.

Question 44

Research on immigrants' risk profiles for colon cancer (Flood et al., 2000) concluded that immigrants

A)Are at lower risk for colon cancer if they relocate to a developed country.
B)Adopt behaviors of their new country that increase their risk for colon cancer.
C)Lower their risk of colon cancer and all other types of cancer when they relocate to a developed country.
D)None of the above

Question 45

A study conducted by Lonn et al.(2004) found that individuals who reported heavy cell phone use were almost 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with an increased risk of developing _____ than were infrequent cell phone users.

A)Acoustic neuroma
B)Karposi sarcoma
C)Basal cell carcinoma
D)Hodgkin's disease

Question 46

In the U.S.and other developed countries, approximately 60-70% of colorectal cancers are attributable to

A)Smoking.
B)Obesity.
C)Lack of exercise.
D)Diet.

Question 47

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that causes

A)Uterine cancer.
B)Ovarian cancer.
C)Breast cancer.
D)Cervical cancer.

Question 48

Many health promotion and healthy living programs report good initial behaviors for _____, but poor adherence thereafter.

A)1 month
B)3 months
C)6 months
D)1 year

Question 49

Research by Peto et al.(2000) concluded that the lifespan of former smokers increases by _____ years after they stop smoking.

A)3-5
B)5-10
C)10-15
D)15-18

Question 50

The same nutrition guidelines that minimize the risk of _____ also minimize the risks of developing colon cancers.

A)Heart disease
B)Lung cancer
C)Obesity
D)Stroke

Question 51

The study by Muscat et al.(2000) showed an increase in cerebral tumors

A)For those who used cell phones over 40 hours per week.
B)On the same side of the head used for cell phones.
C)In males only.
D)In females only.

Question 52

A health policy regulation issued by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use of asbestos in

A)1950.
B)1960.
C)1970.
D)1980.

Question 53

Many breast self-examination programs report a drop-off in self-examinations after

A)1 month.
B)3 months.
C)6 months.
D)9 months.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a specific health enhancing behavior developed to reduce the risks or incidences of cancer

A)Encourage diet and exercise to minimize colon cancer
B)Conduct breast self-examination for early detection and treatment of breast cancer
C)Ensure that everyone has access to a primary care physician for yearly physicals
D)Immunization to prevent cervical cancer

Question 55

Approximately _____ of individuals with lung cancer in the U.S.are, or were, smokers.

A)55-60%
B)65-70%
C)75-80%
D)85-90%

Question 56

Airborne asbestos can become trapped in the _____, causing complications with breathing.

A)Lung tissues
B)Esophageal airways
C)Brain tissue
D)Parietal lobe

Question 57

Asbestos is linked to a rare form of cancer called

A)Basal cell carcinoma.
B)Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
C)Mesothelioma.
D)Mutated lymphoma.

Question 58

The strongest support for a link between cell phones and tumors was reported in

A)The United States.
B)Germany.
C)Sweden.
D)Spain.

Question 59

Symptoms that are self-identified or self-reported are called

A)Self-labeled symptoms.
B)Verified symptoms.
C)Subjective symptoms.
D)Objective symptoms.

Question 60

Asbestos was originally used as a(n)

A)Chemical to treat against insects.
B)Fabric in rugs and linens.
C)Waterproof barrier.
D)Insulator for heat and sound.

Question 61

_____ therapy includes spiritual themes, religion, faith, and existential questions.

A)Holistic
B)Psychoeducational
C)Cognitive behavioral
D)Supportive-expressive

Question 62

The goal of educational therapeutic techniques for individuals with cancer is to

A)Inform the individual and prepare them for potential problems and difficulties.
B)Provide guidance on health care options.
C)Teach individuals about patient's rights.
D)Help families understand the grief process.

Question 63

Initial studies (Spiegel et al., 1981, 1989) found that women with cancer who participated in support groups for 1 year had a(n) _____-month survival advantage.

A)12
B)18
C)24
D)36

Question 64

A(n) _____ is a medical surgery to remove breasts infected with malignant tumors.

A)Appendectomy
B)Mastectomy
C)Mammogram
D)Lymphocyte

Question 65

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the psychological process involved in cancer diagnoses

A)Early acceptance of a diagnosis is an indicator of repressed emotions and the need for therapeutic intervention.
B)Early acceptance of a diagnosis improves the chances for recovery.
C)How a person responds to their diagnosis may have a long-term impact on their psychological and physiological health.
D)Individuals are likely to experience a range of emotions after a cancer diagnosis, which include anger and despair.

Question 66

What is the goal of psychoeducational interventions

A)To educate families of cancer patients about the grief process.
B)To help patients cope with the stress and emotional strain caused by the cancer diagnosis.
C)To teach communication skills for improving patient-provider relations.
D)To educate society about the symptoms and treatments for cancer.

Question 67

The protection motivation theory was used to

A)Educate women about the dangers of mammograms.
B)Increase the number of vaccinations for the human papilloma virus (HPV).
C)Increase the frequency of breast self-examinations (BSE).
D)All of the above

Question 68

Which of the following is a possible side effect of chemotherapy

A)Memory loss
B)Sexual dysfunction
C)Limitations in cognitive functioning
D)All of the above

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a focus of psychoeducational interventions

A)Spiritual education
B)Health education
C)Stress management awareness
D)Coping skills training

Question 70

Cervical cancer is caused by

A)Obesity.
B)Abnormal T cells.
C)Poor nutrition and lack of exercise.
D)A virus.

Question 71

The principal reason for the lack of support for the HPV vaccine is most likely due to

A)Cultural and social norms.
B)Fear of the vaccine's side effects.
C)Uncertainty of its success.
D)Failure to achieve long-term results.

Question 72

A study conducted by Paez et al.(2007) of psychological disorders among women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer found that _____ increased a woman's likelihood of accepting the diagnosis and was directly linked with the patient's abilities to cope with cancer treatment and recovery.

A)Engagement style of coping
B)Problem-focused coping
C)Acceptance therapy
D)Knowledge of the disease

Question 73

_____ has been shown to reduce depression for individuals with advanced stages of cancer.

A)Emotional disclosure
B)Biofeedback
C)Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
D)Exercise therapy

Question 74

Approximately 20-30% of cancer patients suffer from

A)Depression.
B)Anxiety.
C)Substance abuse problems.
D)Pain medication addiction.

Question 75

One of the drawbacks of chemotherapy is that it

A)Cannot be used with children.
B)Has a low success rate.
C)Is generally not covered by insurance.
D)Kills healthy white blood cells.

Question 76

The vaccine used to prevent cervical cancer is called

A)Keprofen.
B)Gardisil.
C)Infliximub.
D)Enbrel.

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of complementary medicine

A)Vitamin supplements
B)Herbal remedies
C)Yoga
D)All of the above

Question 78

Studies (Speigel & Giese-Davis, 2003) indicate that depressed individuals may be

A)More likely to turn to alcohol as a means of coping with their cancer diagnosis.
B)Less likely to comply with medication regimes.
C)Less likely to have health insurance.
D)At risk for more complications from cancer.

Question 79

The human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine appears to prevent infection for at least

A)2 years.
B)3 years.
C)5 years.
D)10 years.

Question 80

Fawzy & Fawzy were pioneers of the _____ approach.

A)Problem-focused
B)Supportive-expressive
C)Exercise therapy
D)Psychoeducational