Deck 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants

Question 1

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A)By the fusion of gametes from two different fungi
B)By the fusion of spores from two different fungi
C)By the fusion of hyphae from two different fungi
D)By asexual reproduction only

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What do plants,algae,and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals?

A)Cell walls
B)Photosynthesis
C)Mycorrhizae
D)Spores

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which structure is not associated with a plant's cell wall?

A)Plasmodesmata
B)Cellulose
C)Lignin
D)Stomata

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is a major role fungi play in an ecosystem?

A)Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain
B)Fixing carbon from the atmosphere
C)Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D)Photosynthesis

Question 5

Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ________.

A)mycelia
B)hyphae
C)chitins
D)lichens

Question 6

What is the most recent common ancestor of fungi and animals?

A)A protist
B)Moss
C)A bryophyte
D)Algae

Question 7

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked,how would this affect the plant?

A)The leaves would dry out.
B)Sugars could not be made.
C)Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots.
D)Water could not be sent to the roots.

Question 8

What are the charophytes?

A)Algae that live symbiotically with fungi
B)An extinct group of protists that may have given rise to the fungi
C)Smallest living plants
D)Closest living ancestors of the first plants

Question 9

The symbiotic relationship between plants and bacteria can best be observed in the ________ of plants.

A)stomata
B)root hairs
C)root nodules
D)mycorrhizae

Question 10

Which is part of the vascular system of plants?

A)Pollen
B)Jetsam
C)Flotsam
D)None of these are part of a plant's vascular system.

Question 11

How does a plant get the carbon it needs to make glucose?

A)From the soil
B)From the air
C)From the water
D)From fungus or bacteria

Question 12

Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use?

A)In the leaves
B)In the stems
C)In the buds
D)In the roots

Question 13

Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?

A)Fungi do not produce spores.
B)Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
C)Fungi can only reproduce sexually.
D)Fungi alternate between sexual and asexual reproductive generations.

Question 14

What is the evolutionary history between fungi and plants?

A)Fungi evolved first and gave rise to the plants.
B)Fungi evolved first,plants evolved second but not from fungi.
C)Plants evolved first and gave rise to the fungi.
D)Plants evolved first,fungi evolved second but not from plants.

Question 15

How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land?

A)By preventing water loss
B)By absorbing nutrients from the soil
C)By preventing the gametes from drying out
D)By increasing structural support

Question 16

In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?

A)Dermal tissue system
B)Vascular tissue system
C)Germ tissue system
D)Ground tissue system

Question 17

Are all fungi prokaryotes?

A)Yes,all fungi are prokaryotes.
B)No,some are prokaryotes,some are eukaryotes.
C)No,they are all eukaryotes.
D)No,they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.

Question 18

If a fungicide was applied near a plant,how might it kill the plant?

A)By killing the fungus associated with the plant's roots
B)By breaking down the chitin in the plant's cell walls
C)By breaking down the cellulose in the plant's cell walls
D)By killing the insects that pollinate the plant

Question 19

Is a leaf considered a plant organ or a plant tissue,and why?

A)Organ,because it performs several functions
B)Organ,because it contains multiple tissues
C)Tissue,because it contains multiple cell types
D)Tissue,because plants don't have organs

Question 20

The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

A)mycelium
B)hypha
C)spore
D)reproductive structure

Question 21

Which plants do not have roots?

A)Bryophytes
B)Ferns
C)Angiosperms
D)Gymnosperms

Question 22

What do charophytes and bryophytes have in common?

A)Roots
B)Lignin
C)Live on land
D)None of these

Question 23

Which statement related to gymnosperm reproduction is true?

A)Spores produce pollen grains which contain sperm.
B)Two sperm are required to fertilize the ovule.
C)Many rely upon insects for pollination.
D)It is so inefficient that gymnosperms do not grow very tall or live for very long.

Question 24

What is a tuber?

A)A reproductive structure on a plant
B)A drought-resistant life stage of a plant
C)A sugar storage structure of a plant
D)A water storage structure of a plant

Question 25

Sugars can travel all throughout a plant.How do they "know" where to go?

A)Phloem transport proteins carry the sugar molecules and bind to sugar receptors on cells where they are needed.
B)Like diffusion down a concentration gradient,sugar flows from source to sink.
C)Sugar flows by gravity from the leaves to the roots.
D)Sugar adheres to water molecules and is pulled up by transpiration.

Question 26

The flattened photosynthetic portion of a fern is the ________.

A)leaf
B)frond
C)fan
D)leaflet

Question 27

Which is not a characteristic of the gymnosperms?

A)Cones
B)Seeds
C)Pollen
D)Flowers

Question 28

Which was the most recent plant structure to have evolved?

A)Seeds
B)Vascular system
C)Flowers
D)Cones

Question 29

What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

A)Flowers
B)Seeds
C)Spores
D)None of these

Question 30

While mosses can cover a significant area of land,they are never more than a few centimeters tall.Why do they not grow tall?

A)They have no vascular system so they cannot transport water over long distances.
B)They are annuals and simply don't live long enough to get very tall.
C)They don't get enough sunlight to grow tall.
D)Herbivores constantly eat them to the ground.

Question 31

Not all plants have seeds.What advantage do seeds provide a plant?

A)Plants are no longer required to go through an alternation of generations.
B)Plants are no longer required to produce gametes.
C)Plants are no longer required to produce cones.
D)Plants are no longer restricted to moist environments.

Question 32

The sugar in the sap of plants is primarily ________.

A)fructose
B)glucose
C)sucrose
D)maltose

Question 33

Ferns often have small bumps called sori arranged in rows on their undersides.What are these structures?

A)Spore capsules
B)Seed capsules
C)Nodules containing symbiotic bacteria
D)Parasites

Question 34

Why must mosses and ferns live in moist environments?

A)They lack a waxy outer layer.
B)Their gametes are flagellated
C)They don't have any roots to absorb moisture from.
D)They are pollinated by fish and aquatic insects.

Question 35

What does a gametophyte produce?

A)Haploid gametes
B)Diploid gametes
C)Haploid spores
D)Diploid spores

Question 36

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of bryophyte not seen in the other plant groups?

A)They exhibit alternation of generations.
B)They produce flowers.
C)The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte.
D)They produce diploid spores.

Question 37

Fern sperm are ________.

A)amoeboid
B)ciliated
C)flagellated
D)None of these

Question 38

What role does lignin play in adapting to life on land?

A)Prevents drying out
B)Strengthens the cell wall
C)Anchors the plant in the soil
D)Transports nutrients throughout the plant

Question 39

Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?

A)One type produces the gametophyte,the other type produces the sporophyte.
B)One type produces ovules,the other type produces pollen.
C)One type is produced in the fall,the other type is produced in the spring.
D)One type produces seeds,the other type produces fruit.

Question 40

The xylem is made from ________.

A)elongated living cells
B)dead,hollow cells
C)tubular living cells
D)intercellular spaces between cells

Question 41

The male part of the flower is the ________.

A)petal
B)stamen
C)carpel
D)sepal

Question 42

In which region of the plant are you most likely to find cells dividing by mitosis?

A)Meristem region
B)Growth rings
C)Heartwood
D)Sapwood

Question 43

The book mentions that maple syrup comes from the xylem sap of a tree.While this is true,why do you think most people assume it comes from the phloem sap?

Question 44

What do the seeds of a flowering plant have that is completely lacking in the seeds of a cone-bearing plant?

A)A food supply
B)A protective seed coat
C)Both of these are present in the seeds of flowering plants and cone-bearing plants.
D)Both of these are present in the seeds of flowering plants,but neither is present in the cone-bearing seed.

Question 45

Which plant typically has parallel leaf veins and a fibrous root system?

A)Monocot
B)Dicot
C)Conifer
D)Legume

Question 46

What is a fruit?

A)A plant embryo
B)The protective endosperm
C)A swollen plant zygote
D)A mature ovary

Question 47

Which plant group is the largest with the most number of living species?

A)Seedless vascular plants
B)Cone-bearing plants
C)Flowering plants
D)Seedless,nonvascular plants

Question 48

If you were to observe a flower that only bloomed at night with large white petals,what might you conclude is the pollinator?

A)Ants
B)Wind
C)Bees
D)Moths

Question 49

If you were to observe a flower that lacked petals,fragrance,or nectar,what might you conclude is the pollinator?

A)Ants
B)Wind
C)Bees
D)Moths

Question 50

Besides edible and poisonous mushrooms,describe two fungi that are beneficial to humans and two fungi that are harmful to humans.

Question 51

Explain how the diversification of mammals may have been greatly aided by the diversification of the angiosperms and vice versa.

Question 52

The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________,where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

A)anther; style
B)sepal; filament
C)stigma; ovule
D)petal; ovary

Question 53

What is the role of the fleshy part of a ripe apple?

A)To protect the seeds from being eaten
B)To provide nourishment to the seeds
C)To entice an animal to take the fruit and disperse the seeds
D)To attract a pollinator

Question 54

Name four ways roots benefit a plant.

Question 55

What do grasses,rose bushes,and cactus all have in common?

A)They are all wind pollinators.
B)They all have flowers.
C)They all have cones.
D)They all have thorns.

Question 56

What causes the annual growth rings of trees?

A)Damage caused by fungi that occurs during the wetter months
B)Residual bark left over when the trunk of the tree expands
C)Different growth rates at different times of the year
D)Sugars left over from the previous summer

Question 57

Assuming it doesn't die unexpectedly,how often would you need to replant an annual?

A)Every season
B)Every year
C)Every two years
D)Never

Question 58

Imagine you were driving westward on a road in a wooded area.If ferns were growing in the area,which side of the road would they most likely be growing and why wouldn't they be growing as well on the other side?