Deck 1: Economic Geography: An Introduction

Question 1

In which of the following cities would a transnational corporation be LEAST likely to have its headquarters?

A) Toronto, Canada
B) Berlin, Germany
C) Beijing, China
D) Tokyo, Japan
E) London, England

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The guiding imperative in capitalist economies is

A) the means of production.
B) means of transportation.
C) profit.
D) resource allocation.
E) service efficiency.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

To view the world geographically is to see space as

A) a monetary value.
B) a challenge.
C) unchangeable.
D) socially produced.
E) a product of government decisions.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What percentage of the world's population is in the United States,and what is its share of world economic output?

A) 3% of population; 12% of output
B) 5% of population; 25% of output
C) 9% of population; 20% of output
D) 15% of population; 40% of output
E) 20% of population; 50% of output

Question 5

Which of the following is the least important to geographers and geographical study?

A) the inner city
B) the core of the earth
C) the human body
D) locations on the surface of the earth
E) rapidly changing industrializing countries

Question 6

Geography is best described as a discipline

A) concerned with memorizing the locations of places, especially the largest/longest phenomena.
B) in which space, how the earth's surface is used, and how human activities differ from place to place is studied.
C) that uses maps, performs cartographic analysis, and publishes atlases.
D) that is a branch of Geology.
E) that incorporates the latest technologies available.

Question 7

What system involves free markets with minimal government intervention?

A) bordeaux
B) coup d'etat
C) laissez faire
D) placido
E) torreon

Question 8

What was the Second World?

A) countries dependent on exports of raw materials
B) information-based sectors of the world economy
C) rapidly developing countries
D) the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
E) the lesser-developed areas of wealthy countries

Question 9

According to the authors of your textbook,what has become LESS important because of globalization?

A) international finance
B) national and state borders
C) transnational corporations
D) foreign direct investment
E) international tourism

Question 10

All of the following are examples of globalization of consumption,EXCEPT

A) playing U.S.-style football.
B) wearing blue jeans.
C) eating McDonald's hamburgers.
D) watching anime from Japan.
E) driving a Volkswagen.

Question 11

In what places is the highest rate of growth in tourism expected?

A) tropical regions
B) mid-latitude areas
C) mountains, especially those that feature extreme mountain-climbing experience
D) major world cities
E) China and India

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a critique of logical positivism (spatial analysis)?

A) It ignores historical context.
B) It tends to ignore the motives of individuals.
C) It pays too little attention to statistical analysis.
D) It portrays geographies as unchanging.
E) It tends to represent people as points on a map.

Question 13

What is a core belief of poststructuralists in geography?

A) Countries must develop by passing through stages.
B) Technological progress is inevitable.
C) Poverty can be ended with governmental action.
D) There is no single objective view of the world.
E) Decision makers are always rational in their behavior.

Question 14

What are the principal instruments of globalization in the last 30 years?

A) GDPs
B) GNPs
C) NGOs
D) TNCs
E) UGRs

Question 15

Where and when did capitalism originate?

A) Indian Subcontinent (South Asia) in the late nineteenth century
B) Middle East in the eighth and ninth centuries
C) North Africa in the early seventeenth century
D) North America and South America in the thirteenth century
E) Western Europe in the late fifteen and sixteenth centuries

Question 16

Economic geography is concerned with

A) production.
B) transportation.
C) communication.
D) consumption.
E) All of the above

Question 17

What is a main focus of poststructuralists in geography?

A) the nature of capitalism
B) pollution
C) human agencies causing change
D) the influence of historical forces on present day phenomena
E) urban design

Question 18

Gross national product is a measure of

A) economic development.
B) educational achievement.
C) overall health.
D) environmental damage.
E) democratization.

Question 19

The discipline of Geography primarily examines

A) place names and capitals.
B) political institutions.
C) population.
D) environmental issues.
E) why things are located where they are.

Question 20

The U.S.has the largest economy in the world,and Japan has the third largest.Which country has the second-largest economy in the world?

A) Great Britain
B) Brazil
C) China
D) Russia
E) India

Question 21

Which is NOT TRUE regarding globalization?

A) It completely destroys unique local diversity.
B) Rapid communication fosters this phenomena.
C) Some people are unable to fully participate in globalization.
D) Much of the world has not benefitted from globalization.
E) The growth of tourism worldwide is a part of it.

Question 22

Globalization

A) is inherently negative.
B) is mostly negative.
C) is a mixture of both negative and beneficial effects.
D) is mostly beneficial.
E) is always beneficial.

Question 23

What was the purpose of IMF conditionality,which was often imposed in the developing world since 1980?

A) create aid packages for impoverished countries, particularly former colonies
B) eliminate regional variations of standards of living in the developing world
C) restore growth, reduce central government involvement in the economy, and expand exports
D) reduce the disparity of wealth between the developed and developing world
E) reduce starvation in the developing world through agricultural technology

Question 24

What generates one-third of the foreign revenues (earnings)of the United States?

A) agricultural exports
B) auto exports
C) heavy equipment
D) services
E) tourism

Question 25

When did the United States displace Britain as the world's leading superpower?

A) 1780s; immediately after the American Revolution
B) 1830s; during an economic recession in Europe
C) 1870s; with industrial growth following the Civil War
D) 1940s; after World War II
E) 1970s; after the global oil shocks

Question 26

What is one aspect of "neoliberalism"?

A) countries modifying their laws and regulations to encourage transnational operations
B) using government resources to increase social benefits, like welfare and workers compensation
C) encouraging the export of finished products instead of raw materials
D) investing in education in order to build a high-quality work force
E) encouraging migration

Question 27

What is the Fourth World?

A) countries that are often targeted for investment from the First World
B) economically vital countries that have only one major export
C) small countries, such as those in the Pacific Ocean
D) the poorest countries of the Third World
E) women and children

Question 28

In what decade did the Soviet bloc collapse and disappear?

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s
E) 2000s

Question 29

What is FDI?

A) the work force of a TNC in the developing world
B) shipments of goods between countries at reduced costs
C) investment by foreigners in factories that are operated by the foreign owners of a TNC
D) balance of trade deficits that often result in profits being leaked back to the developed world
E) investments in technology that speed up communications in the world economy, like satellites and fiber optics

Question 30

When did the relative power of the United States begin to decline with intense competition from Japan and Germany?

A) 1820s
B) 1850s
C) 1870s
D) 1950s
E) 1970s

Question 31

What were the original factors of production in global development?

A) water and ports
B) government and economy
C) banks and services
D) housing and welfare
E) population and resources

Question 32

Which approach to the study of economic geography identifies the complex ways that people acquire and interpret spatial information?

A) Logical Positivism
B) Structural
C) Poststructural
D) Behavioral
E) Neo-conservative

Question 33

Which is NOT TRUE regarding TNCs?

A) Most maintain their headquarters in North America, Western Europe, and Japan.
B) Their total number has decreased since 1970 with mergers and consolidations.
C) TNCs have the advantages of economies of scale.
D) TNCs are the primary agents of international trade.
E) They account for a large portion of the goods produced in the world.

Question 34

Which is TRUE?

A) FDI causes poverty in the developed and developing world.
B) Western Europe is no longer in the core of the world economy.
C) Import substitution leads to faster economic growth than an export-led approach.
D) The proportion of FDI that core countries are allocating to periphery countries is declining.
E) TNCs are often headquartered in the developing world.

Question 35

What is a hegemonic power?

A) the most powerful country in the world
B) a country that controls key energy resources
C) any country with a strong military
D) a collection of allies that pursue common interests
E) a continent that has internal unity

Question 36

Which approach to the study of economic geography focuses on how human socialization and social reproduction influence how people create geographic space?

A) Humanistic
B) Structural
C) Poststurctural
D) Logical Positivism
E) Neo-conservative

Question 37

What are TNCs? (These are sometimes referred to as MNEs.)

A) fiber-optic cable networks that link developed countries
B) transfers of payments from developed countries to lesser developed countries
C) stock markets around the world, especially in the wealthier countries
D) multi-national companies, they are often headquartered in the developed world
E) media networks that spread cultural ideals from one place to another

Question 38

What is an obstacle that threatens the possibility of future economic growth in the world?

A) diminishing energy supplies
B) resource limitations
C) environmental degradation
D) all of the above are obstacles
E) none of the above are obstacles

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding globalization and telecommunications?

A) Virtually all of the people on Earth have access to the Internet.
B) Uneven distribution of wealth means some people lack access to telecommunications.
C) The global digital communications network greatly enhances the globalization of culture.
D) Some people resent globalization as they see it as American cultural imperialism.
E) Some societies have enthusiastically adopted Western culture.

Question 40

What is a "real-time information system"?

A) one that is cost effective
B) one that makes information available as it happens
C) a system linked to major world cities
D) a system that divides the world into haves and have-nots
E) a system that is rapidly outdated

Question 41

What important modern development in economic geography is fostered by cultural,technological,political,and cultural change?

A) Communism
B) Globalization
C) Capitalism
D) the Demographic Transition
E) Socialism

Question 42

No MNCs are larger than some national economies of the countries of the world.

Question 43

The United States took over from the German Empire as the world's economic and political superpower.

Question 44

Which of the following are characteristics of the "world economy"?

A) It is a multistate economic system.
B) It was created in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.
C) It includes a core of dominant countries.
D) It is based on capitalism.
E) all of the above

Question 45

Nations and states are the primary agents of international trade today

Question 46

The original factors of production in global development-population and resources-are declining in importance and being replaced by specialization.

Question 47

The major criticism of logical positivism is that it represents people as merely points on a map.

Question 48

What is the state of Economic Geography with respect to its overall approach?

A) Economic geography recognizes structural theories as dominant.
B) Humanistic geography is the pre-eminent theory in economic geography today.
C) Poststructuralists have become the leaders in economic geography theory.
D) Logical positivism is the overwhelming approach in economic geography.
E) Economic geography recognizes several different schools of thought.

Question 49

What is the basic premise of the Core-Periphery relationship?

A) As the world economy expanded, it developed a core of less developed countries and a periphery of dominant, more developed countries.
B) As the world economy expanded, a cycle developed wherein countries (such as Great Britain) spent about a century as the dominant power in the world economy, then lost its power and joined the periphery of less dominant economic powers.
C) As the world economy expanded, a cycle developed wherein countries (such as the United States) spent about a century as a peripheral player in the world economy, then gained power and became a dominant economic power at the core of the world economy.
D) As the world economy expanded, it developed a core of dominant, developed countries and a periphery of dominated less developed countries.
E) As the world economy expanded, it developed a core of capitalist countries and a periphery of communist countries.

Question 50

Shortage of clean water is one of the most easily fixed problems in LDCs (less developed countries).

Question 51

According to the Core-Periphery relationship,as the world economy expanded,it developed a core of dominant,developed countries and a periphery of dominated less developed countries.

Question 52

According to your text,today's world economy began in the 1900s,along with the rise of the automobile industry.

Question 53

According to the authors of your textbook,national and state borders have become less important because of globalization.

Question 54

Some people resent globalization as they see it as American cultural imperialism

Question 55

Massive over-consumption be most likely to occur in the United States.

Question 56

Social convention and kinship are key factors in economic production in traditional economies.

Question 57

The total number Of TNCs has increased since 1970 with mergers and consolidations.

Question 58

The primary flow of goods associated with globalization of consumption is from more developed countries to less developed countries.

Question 59

The petroleum crises of 1973 and 1979 played a key role in changing the world order created by the U.S.after World War II.

Question 60

Which approach to economic geography suggests that economic landscapes are produced by social relationships of power and wealth that organize space in historical distinctive forms?

A) Behavioral
B) Structural
C) Logical Positivism
D) Humanistic
E) Neo-conservative

Question 61

________ ________ is focused on the interactions between political agents; their institutional frameworks; the structure of class,power,and inequality; and social and economic constraints to individual behavior.

Question 62

Social relations,including an examination of uneven distributions of power are an important starting point for studying economic geography.

Question 63

Japan has the second largest economy in the world.

Question 64

________ ________ attempts to explain and predict geographic decisions that result from aggregates of individual decisions,such as those that underlie the locations of companies and households.

Question 65

The Third World,because of the geographical location of most of its countries,is also known as the ________ ________.

Question 66

Globalization of the economy has necessitated the conceptualization of the world as a system rather than simply a set of regions.

Question 67

The international economic system is synonymous with the ________ ________.

Question 68

Annual world economic growth rates average between 3% and 5% annually.

Question 69

________ is the difference between revenues a firm receives and its production costs.

Question 70

The networks,processes,and institutions that shape the planetary system of resource distribution,create wealth and poverty in different parts of the globe is the ________ ________.

Question 71

A fundamental element of economic geography is culture.

Question 72

The study of space is inseparable from the study of ________.