Deck 12: Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems

Question 1

Expert systems allow knowledge to be transferred more easily at a lower cost.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most technologies used to support decision situations where expertise is required use qualitative and/or mathematical models to provide the needed support.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Acquiring knowledge from experts is often a bottleneck in expert system construction.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The explanation subsystem of an expert system cannot trace responsibility for conclusions to their sources and cannot explain the expert system behavior interactively.

Question 5

The knowledge base of an expert system and the knowledge base of an organization are the same.

Question 6

Expertise is often acquired from training,reading,and experience in practice,and the level of expertise determines the performance of a decision.

Question 7

Artificial intelligence (AI)has many different definitions and is an area in management science.

Question 8

By implementing ES and other intelligent systems as knowledge servers,it becomes economically feasible and profi to publish expertise on the Web.

Question 9

Artificial intelligent systems have the learning capabilities as humans have.

Question 10

The first step in developing an ES is to identify the nature of the problem and to define who is the proper expert responsible for the solving the problem

Question 11

Expert systems (ES)must have the ability to examine their own reasoning and provide proper explanations as to why a particular conclusion was reached.

Question 12

The basic objective of computer vision is to generate pictures.

Question 13

The blackboard of an expert system is used for recording intermediate hypotheses and decisions.

Question 14

Using the knowledge of many wine experts,MenuVino was able to develop an expert system that mimics the advising that a person would receive from a wine guru.

Question 15

It is easier to duplicate and disseminate natural intelligence than artificial intelligence.

Question 16

Inexact knowledge and imprecise reasoning are important aspects of expertise in applying commonsense to decision-making situations.

Question 17

Inference rules,or procedural rules,offer advice on how to solve a problem,given that certain facts are known.

Question 18

The purpose of an intelligent computer-aided instruction (ICAI)is to learn.

Question 19

In IF-THEN rules,the IF part indicates the condition for the rule to be activated,and the THEN part shows the action or the conclusion if all IF conditions are satisfied.

Question 20

Deep Blue is the first computer that demonstrated its intelligence in an area that requires human intelligence.

Question 21

A knowledge engineer helps the expert structure the problem area by doing all of the following tasks except:

A) decoding the heuristics
B) interpreting and integrating human answers to questions
C) drawing analogies
D) posing counterexamples

Question 22

All of the following are benefits of ES except:

A) Reduced downtime
B) Capture of scarce expertise
C) Work well within wide domains of knowledge.
D) Elimination of the need for expensive equipment

Question 23

Which of the following is an electromechanical device that can be programmed to perform manual tasks?

A) Robot
B) Sensory systems
C) Tactile systems
D) Signal processing systems

Question 24

One does not have to rethink completely what to do every time a similar problem is encountered,when using ________.

A) symbolic database
B) knowledge base
C) algorithms
D) rules of thumb

Question 25

"If the stop light is red AND you have stopped,THEN a right turn is okay" is an example of:

A) a heuristic
B) a knowledge base
C) an inference rule
D) a production rule

Question 26

Which of the following technology allows computer users the ability to communicate with a computer in their native language?

A) NAP
B) NLP
C) NBP
D) XML

Question 27

A rule-based expert system contains rules in its knowledge base and the rules are used to generate ________ for the user.

A) questions
B) solutions
C) questions and solutions
D) none of the above

Question 28

The basic rationale of artificial intelligence is to use ________ rather than mathematical calculation.

A) mathematical calculation
B) symbolic reasoning
C) genetic algorithms
D) fuzzy logic

Question 29

Which of the following is the major objective of an expert system?

A) To learn
B) To teach
C) To provide advice
D) To function as a knowledge repository

Question 30

Which of the following is the brain of an expert system?

A) Knowledge base
B) Inference engine
C) User interface
D) Blackboard

Question 31

Which of the following is not an advantage of using multiple experts in the development of an ES?

A) groupthink
B) fewer mistakes
C) enhanced quality
D) wider domain

Question 32

Which of the following is usually included in an expert system that interacts with users?

A) Blackboard
B) Justifier
C) Knowledge acquisition subsystem
D) All of the above

Question 33

Which of the following components appear in virtually every expert system?

A) User interface
B) Database management system
C) Statistical analysis module
D) Numeric data representation

Question 34

The standard statistical methods are based on the assumption that an uncertainty is the ________ that an event is true or false,whereas certainty theory is based on the ________ that an event is true or false.

A) estimated probability; calculated probability
B) probability; degrees of belief
C) calculated probability; estimated probability
D) degrees of belief; probability

Question 35

In the traditional Boolean logic,a person's credit score is either good or bad.In ________,the credit record may be assessed as both good and bad,but with different degrees.

A) genetic algorithms
B) artificial intelligence
C) language translation
D) fuzzy logic

Question 36

Which of the following is not a typical type of problems recorded on blackboard?

A) Plan
B) Agenda
C) Solution
D) Key

Question 37

The knowledge base in expert system is composed of:

A) facts
B) heuristics and meta-rules
C) facts, heuristics, and meta-rules
D) facts, data, and knowledge rules

Question 38

The solution of genetic algorithms is represented as a ________ for a specific problem.

A) cell
B) gene
C) DNA
D) chromosome

Question 39

A major goal of ________ is to help experts articulate how they do what they do and to document this knowledge in a reusable form.

A) heuristics
B) knowledge engineering
C) knowledge refinement
D) rule interpreting

Question 40

Which of the following is used by a nonexpert to obtain expert knowledge and advice?

A) Query environment
B) Development environment
C) consultation environment
D) Blackboard

Question 41

The Web can greatly support the spread of multimedia-based ES.Such systems are called ________ systems.

Question 42

The ________ is the foundation of an expert system,which includes the relevant knowledge necessary for understanding,formulating,and solving problems.

Question 43

The ________ of an expert system is the rule interpreter.

Question 44

________ is the process that ensures the resulting knowledge base contains the knowledge exactly the same as that acquired from the expert.

Question 45

An ________ is an expert system without the knowledge in the knowledge base.

Question 46

________ is a goal-driven approach in which you start from an expectation of what is going to happen and then seek evidence that supports or contradicts your expectation.

Question 47

In ________ expert systems,knowledge in the knowledge base is represented in IF-THEN rules that combine the condition and the conclusion for handling a specific situation.

Question 48

An ________ is a system that uses human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise.

Question 49

A(n)________ is a person who has the special knowledge,judgment,experience,and methods,and the ability to apply these talents to give advice and solve problems.

Question 50

Sensory systems,such as vision systems,tactile systems,and signal-processing systems,when combined with AI,define a broad category of systems generally called ________.

Question 51

________ are intuitive knowledge,or rules of thumb,learned from experience.

Question 52

________ is a technique for processing linguistic terms,which extends the notions of logic beyond simple true/false statements.

Question 53

________ are small programs that reside on computers to conduct certain tasks automatically and it runs in the background,monitors the environment,and reacts to certain trigger conditions.

Question 54

________ systems bring the power of a computer to bear on the educational process.

Question 55

A(n)________ network is a set of mathematical models that simulate the way a human brain functions.

Question 56

________ is the recognition and understanding of spoken language by a computer.

Question 57

________ is a data-driven approach that starts from available information or from a basic idea,which is used to try to draw conclusions.

Question 58

The process of eliciting knowledge is called ________.

Question 59

________ is a test designed to measure the intelligence of a computer.

Question 60

________ express belief in an event,fact,or hypothesis based on the expert's assessment and can be represented by values ranging from 0 to 100.

Question 61

Identify the advantages of natural intelligence over artificial intelligence.

Question 62

Describe fuzzy logic.Contrast fuzzy logic with Boolean logic.

Question 63

Identify the advantages of artificial intelligence over natural intelligence.

Question 64

List and describe the generic categories of expert systems.

Question 65

Describe heuristics and give an example.Why do many AI methods use heuristics?

Question 66

Describe the characteristics of expertise.

Question 67

Describe the characteristics of artificial intelligence.

Question 68

Describe abilities that are signs of intelligence.

Question 69

Describe the capabilities of human experts.