Deck 3: Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

Question 1

Victim precipitation theory is most contentious when it is applied to ______.

A)homicide
B)rape
C)robbery
D)theft

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the safest job category?

A)correctional officers
B)police officers
C)taxi drivers
D)university professors

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The strongest single predictor that girls will be molested during childhood is

A)absence of their father
B)age
C)level of parental supervision
D)presence of a stepfather

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Those who work ______ are at a higher risk for on-the-job victimization.

A)alone
B)at night
C)with money
D)all of these

Question 5

Which of the following are the most likely to get killed on the job?

A)correctional officers
B)police officers
C)taxi drivers
D)university professors

Question 6

Most offenders incarcerated for sex offenses had victimized ______.

A)children
B)college-aged women
C)the elderly
D)the mentally ill

Question 7

A sex offender kidnaps a screaming young girl from a playground and molests her.According to the continuum of responsibility provided by victim precipitation theory, the young girl in this case would possess which level of responsibility?

A)None
B)Some
C)More
D)Much

Question 8

Girls are most likely to be molested by ______.

A)family members
B)friends
C)neighbors
D)strangers

Question 9

The best readily available predictor of future victimization is ______.

A)age
B)past victimization
C)race
D)socioeconomic status

Question 10

The strongest single predictor that boys will be molested during childhood is

A)absence of their father
B)age
C)level of parental supervision
D)presence of a stepfather

Question 11

Victim precipitation theory is credited to ______.

A)Amir
B)Gottfredson
C)Sampson
D)Von Hentig

Question 12

Risk of victimization drops significantly after the age of ______.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35

Question 13

______ theory explains victimization as the convergence of the three variables of a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of a capable guardian.

A)differential association
B)routine activities
C)social bond
D)victim precipitation

Question 14

Which of the following is not an occupation most at risk for workplace violence?

A)postal worker
B)police officer
C)corrections officer
D)taxi driver

Question 15

______ is a subfield of criminology that specializes in studying the victims of crime.

A)impactology
B)sociology
C)victimography
D)victimology

Question 16

______ are at a low risk of victimization for violent crime.

A)African Americans
B)the elderly
C)the poor
D)violent offenders

Question 17

The worse consequences for most crime victims are ______.

A)loss of vision
B)permanent disabilities
C)physical wounds
D)psychological

Question 18

Which of the following decreases individuals risk of victimization?

A)aging
B)being married
C)increasing household income
D)all of these

Question 19

______ are at the highest risk of victimization for aggravated assault.

A)American Indians
B)Asians
C)Blacks
D)Whites

Question 20

Human trafficking

A)is often considered to be a modern form of slavery
B)is the illegal trade in human beings through abduction, the use or threat of force, deception, and fraud for sale for the purposes of sexual exploitation or forced labor
C)is almost invariably sourced by third-world poor countries with corrupt law enforcement and lacking in employment opportunities
D)all of these

Question 21

As a group, juveniles have ______ rates of violent victimization and violent offending.

A)high
B)low
C)moderate
D)varying

Question 22

Some victims describe ______ as the rape of their home.

A)burglary
B)fraud
C)larceny
D)robbery

Question 23

The shock, anger, and depression that typically afflicts a rape victim is known as

A)posttraumatic stress syndrome
B)rape trauma syndrome
C)victimization syndrome
D)trauma syndrome

Question 24

Victim precipitation theory:

A)applies only to victims of property crime
B)maintains that by acting in certain provocative ways some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their victimization
C)stresses that criminal behavior takes place via the interaction of three variables
D)all of these

Question 25

Which of the following is one of the three variables at the center of routine activities theory?

A)motivated offender
B)suitable target
C)absence of capable guardians
D)all of these

Question 26

Most victimization is random and unpredictable.

Question 27

A child living with a stepfather or live-in boyfriend is approximately ______ times more likely to be fatally abused than a child living with both biological parents.

A)2
B)4
C)25
D)65

Question 28

Until recently, the ______ was the forgotten party in the criminal justice system.

A)community
B)offender
C)prosecutor
D)victim

Question 29

Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORP's) are an integral part of what criminal justice philosophy?

A)rehabilitative
B)retributive
C)restorative
D)punishment

Question 30

Until fairly recently, victims were the forgotten party in the criminal justice system.

Question 31

Compared to other age groups, individuals 65 or older are at a greater risk of violent crime victimization.

Question 32

Females are more likely to be victimized by someone they know than by a stranger.

Question 33

A British study of burglary victims found that ______ percent reacted with anger.

A)25%
B)50%
C)65%
D)75%

Question 34

The Crime Victims Bill of Rights was passed by the Senate in

A)1904
B)1934
C)1964
D)2004

Question 35

Males are more likely to be victimized by someone they know than by a stranger.

Question 36

______ are likely to be attractive targets for crime because they can be victimized with little chance of legal consequences.

A)minorities
B)elderly
C)teens
D)offenders

Question 37

Victimology seeks to answer why some individuals, households, groups, and other entities are targeted and others are not.

Question 38

The individual most likely to be victimized is a

A)young black unmarried male living in poverty in an urban environment
B)young white unmarried male living in poverty in a rural environment
C)elderly black female living in poverty in a rural environment
D)elderly white male living in an upper-class urban environment

Question 39

Violent victimization and violent offending share many of the same

A)demographics
B)risk factors
C)guidelines
D)all of the above

Question 40

In human trafficking, the women and children are typically used as ______, while most males are used as _________.

A)prostitutes; forced labor
B)forced labor; prostitutes
C)prostitutes; pimps
D)pimps; prostitutes

Question 41

What is victimology?

Question 42

Seriously violent delinquents are more likely to be violently victimized than nondelinquents.

Question 43

Fisher and colleagues report that four lifestyle factors are consistently found to increase the risk of sexual assault: (1) binge drinking, (2) being married, (3) having never been a victim of sexual assault, and (4) living off campus (for college-age victimization).

Question 44

The risk factors for victimization are basically the same as the risk factors for victimizing in terms of gender, race, age, SES, personal characteristics, and neighborhood.

Question 45

According to victim precipitation theory, all victims provoke their offenders in some way, and therefore are to blame for their experiences.

Question 46

Traditional bullying includes anything designed to hurt sent by electronic means.

Question 47

Our schools are some of the safest places we can be.

Question 48

The Crime Victims Bill of Rights passed by the Senate applies to all state and federal violent crimes.

Question 49

Most stolen identity information is for personal use, not to sell to others.

Question 50

Children are at a greater risk for maltreatment when not raised by both biological parents.

Question 51

Repeat offending is more common than repeat victimization.

Question 52

Receiving physical affection from their biological father is a risk factor for molestation among girls.

Question 53

The Crime Victims Bill of Rights guarantees victims the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.

Question 54

Identify one occupation that has one of the highest risks for victimization.

Question 55

Girls are more likely to be molested by their biological fathers than by stepfathers.

Question 56

Boys are more likely to be molested by members of their own family than by acquaintances or strangers.

Question 57

Overwhelmingly domestic violence is committed by males against females.

Question 58

According to research by DeVoe et al (2012), bullying seems not all that prevalent with only 26.5% of students reporting being victims of bullying.

Question 59

Many criminologists have disparaged victim precipitation theory as victim-blaming.

Question 60

Violent victimization is an important risk factor for subsequent violent offending.

Question 61

Explain why domestic violence is most often committed by competitively disadvantaged (CD) males.

Question 62

How did juvenile offending and victimization differ by gender?

Question 63

Briefly discuss the risk of victimization at schools relative to other places.

Question 64

List two risk factors for the molestation of girls.

Question 65

Some people discount victimology theories as victim blaming, while others see value in identifying the risk factors of victimization.Present both sides of this argument, supporting each side with what you have learned in this class.

Question 66

Identify the three variables associated with routine activities theory.

Question 67

Define human trafficking.

Question 68

Identify one right provided by the Crime Victims Bill of Rights.

Question 69

Describe victimization in the workplace and school.Which occupations are most at risk? How safe are schools?

Question 70

Define lifestyles in regards to lifestyle theory.

Question 71

What does victimology offer to our understanding of crime?

Question 72

Define human trafficking.Discuss why human trafficking is often considered modern-day slavery.

Question 73

Define and explain victim precipitation theory.Do you consider this theory to be victim-blaming? Why or why not?

Question 74

Briefly explain the difference between traditional and electronic bullying.

Question 75

Describe the consequences of victimization.What role should victims play in the criminal justice process? Support your answer.

Question 76

Describe the Crime Victims Bill of Rights, including specific rights that it provides to victims.Do you feel that this Bill of Rights has had (or will have) a significant impact on the experiences of victims? Support your answer.

Question 77

Bonnie Fisher and colleagues did a study on rape among college women.As a result of this study, they identified four lifestyle factors that increased the risk of sexual assault.Identify two of these risk factors.

Question 78

Define identity theft.

Question 79

Define rape trauma syndrome.

Question 80

Briefly explain the basic premise of victim precipitation theory.