Deck 5: Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Question 1

Routine activities theory points out that crime increased dramatically with the expansion of the welfare state from the _______ onward.

A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following are considered capable guardians EXCEPT:

A)alarms
B)concerned neighbors
C)well-lit streets
D)all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Cultural criminologists agree with evolutionary scholars that ______ are/is more important than ______ in human social decision making.

A)emotions; rationality
B)behavior; emotions
C)rationality; behavior
D)rationality; emotions

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Emotions are situated in what system in the brain?

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)limbic system
D)peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Rational choice theory and routine activities theory are both based on what school of ideas?

A)classical
B)preclassical
C)positivist
D)neoclassical

Question 6

Which of the theories discussed in this chapter attracts disenchanted members of the radical left or anarchic label?

A)routine activities theory
B)cultural criminology
C)rational choice theory

Question 7

What is the goal behind rationality?

A)being ethical
B)morality
C)self-interest
D)others emotions

Question 8

All of the following are reasons why capable guardians are in short supply in disorganized neighborhoods EXCEPT:

A)disrupted families
B)poverty
C)unemployment
D)transient neighborhoods

Question 9

Emotion intervenes between what two things?

A)reality and reaction
B)perception and action
C)action and reaction
D)perception and reality

Question 10

All of the following are considered primary emotions EXCEPT:

A)fear
B)empathy
C)disgust
D)joy

Question 11

Who are more likely to be victimized according to Cohen and Felson (1979)?

A)females
B)living alone
C)with many possessions
D)only a and b
E)a, b, and c

Question 12

Both rationality and emotion initiate what?

A)feelings
B)behavior
C)ideas/thoughts
D)beliefs

Question 13

______ tend to not like rational choice and routine activities theories because the "free agent" position naturally leads to a retributivist stance on punishment.

A)conservatives
B)moderates
C)liberals

Question 14

______ is as much a "cause" of crime as its poverty because it brings with it many opportunities for crime.

A)inequality
B)unemployment
C)affluence
D)gender

Question 15

Choose the statement below that completes the sentence: Routine activities theory looks at crime from the point(s) of view of ______.

A)both the offender and of crime prevention efforts
B)the offender only
C)both the offender and victim
D)crime prevention efforts only
E)both the victim and of crime prevention efforts

Question 16

What is the primary appeal of crime according to cultural criminologists?

A)intrinsic rewards
B)monetary rewards
C)material rewards

Question 17

Hume believes that after humans perceive a situation, experience emotions, and pass judgment on the event based on the emotion it evokes, humans then ______ that judgment.

A)second guess or rethink
B)analyze their perceptions of
C)plan a different reaction related to
D)provide reasons for

Question 18

Crime rates can go up or down depending on how ______ change without any changes in offender motivation or in the prevalence of motivated offenders.

A)situations
B)neighborhoods
C)economics
D)politics

Question 19

Cultural criminologists trace cultural breakdown to economic globalization and relentless poverty, which in turn ______.

A)produces the anelpis mind-set
B)traces it to the culture itself
C)are the products of cultural degradation
D)changes cultural values and norms

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered to be a cause of criminal behavior?

A)broken home
B)gender
C)open front door
D)drugs

Question 21

Victimization is more prevalent in affluent areas as compared with poor disorganized communities.

Question 22

Cultural criminology emphasizes the role of emotions in instigating criminal behavior rather than rationality.

Question 23

A rational decision is one that is reasoned to be optimal for achieving a goal, but rationality is subject and unbounded.

Question 24

Motivated offenders are individuals unwilling and not able to commit crimes.

Question 25

Primary emotions are also known as social emotions.

Question 26

Emotions such as empathy and guilt serve to adjust our social behavior by arousing, focusing, and modifying brain activity in ways that lead most people to habitually choose ______ responses.

A)defiant
B)rebellious
C)antisocial
D)prosocial

Question 27

Capable guardians can only be persons, not things.

Question 28

Incentives and disincentives to law-abiding or criminal behavior are perceived differently because of ingrained habits.

Question 29

______ is a model for residential environments that inhibit crime by creating the physical expression of a social fabric that defends itself.

A)defensible space

Question 30

Routine activities theory looks at crime from the points of view of both the offender and of crime prevention efforts.

Question 31

Suitable targets are persons that offenders view as vulnerable or attractive who possess something they want or are objects they want to possess.

Question 32

______ is primarily concerned with defensible space (inhibiting crime by creating physical expression of a social fabric that defends itself).

A)cultural criminology
B)rational choice
C)routine activities
D)environmental design

Question 33

Routine activity theory discounts what others see as causes of crime such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality.

Question 34

Rational choice and routine activities theories both resonate most with liberals.

Question 35

Negative emotions that function to prevent criminal behavior have been practically ignored in criminology.

Question 36

Guilt is ______-centered while shame is ______-centered.

A)self; other
B)other; self

Question 37

All of the following are considered examples of target-hardening EXCEPT

A)antitheft devices on automobiles
B)improved city lighting
C)sale of alcohol at sporting events
D)check guarantee cards

Question 38

Hume considered our species to be Homo emovere or "emoting man" rather than Homo sapiens or "wise man."

Question 39

The concept of human agency is not compatible with determinism or free will.

Question 40

Cultural criminologists view emotions as a fleeting perception, not a permanent fixture of many criminals' mental lives.

Question 41

Define emotions.

Question 42

Explain routine activities theory.Identify three examples of crime prevention strategies that are consistent with its arguments.

Question 43

How can affluence be a cause of crime?

Question 44

Why are rational choice theorists also called "soft determinists"?

Question 45

What is choice structuring?

Question 46

Cultural criminology theory looks at much of modern crime as the result of the breakdown of the economy and politics.

Question 47

Cultural criminology may also be called ______ because it references state repression and oppression and calls for resistance.

Question 48

What does the term anelpis mean?

Question 49

Why is rationality considered the most glaring criticism of rational choice and routine activities theory?

Question 50

Give two examples of wertrationalitat.

Question 51

What is the pleasure versus pain principle discussed in relation to rational choice theory and crime?

Question 52

According to routine activities theory, what are the three components that combine for crime to occur?

Question 53

What are the central beliefs of the classical school of thought?

Question 54

Explain rationality.

Question 55

What is meant by "arranging the environment" to prevent crime?

Question 56

Discuss the evaluation of neoclassical theories.What do they seek to achieve? What are some of the criticisms of neoclassical theories?

Question 57

Routine activities theory concentrates on the motivated offender rather than on crime as a process of unfolding events.

Question 58

Because guilt is psychologically punitive, it motivates individuals to do what two things?