Deck 12: Crimes of Violence

Question 1

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, ______ has the lowest homicide rate in the world.

A)Columbia
B)France
C)Japan
D)the United States

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about rape in the United States?

A)Most rapes involve the use of a weapon.
B)The vast majority of rapes are committed by strangers to the victim.
C)Victims are less likely to report rape if they have sustained injuries in the attack.
D)About half of all rapes are committed by someone known to the victim.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

After learning that his wife was cheating on him, Johnny purchases a gun.Two days later, he hides outside of her place of employment, waiting for her to emerge so that he can kill her.This would best be identified as which of the following?

A)aggravated murder
B)voluntary manslaughter
C)involuntary manslaughter
D)negligent manslaughter

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the United States, those ______ years of age are at the highest risk for being murdered.

A)12-18
B)18-24
C)24-32
D)32-38

Question 5

______ argue that rape is sexually motivated, and represents a maladaptive consequence of the generally adaptive behavior of seeking as many sexual partners as possible.

A)evolutionary psychologists
B)feminists
C)social learning theorists
D)therapists

Question 6

What crime does the public fear the most?

A)violent crime
B)rape
C)kidnapping
D)murder

Question 7

What is defined as the "taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care ...of a person ...by force or threat of force ...and/or putting the victim in fear."

A)assault
B)burglary
C)larceny
D)robbery

Question 8

In attempting to explain violent crime, ______ are likely to first ask: "What is the adaptive significance of this particular behavior?"

A)evolutionary biologists
B)geneticists
C)neuroscientists
D)sociologists

Question 9

The FBI defined forcible rape as "the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will" until ______, excluding males and other forms of sexual assault.

A)2001
B)2008
C)2012
D)The FBI still uses this definition.

Question 10

An upset student opens fire in a school cafeteria, killing eighteen of his classmates.This student is best identified as a

A)mass murderer
B)sadistic murderer
C)serial murderer
D)spree murderer

Question 11

Reported rapes have fallen ______ to a rate of 26.8 since their all-time high in 1992.

A)37.4%
B)57%
C)67.7%
D)Reported rapes have increased

Question 12

What distinguishes aggravated assault from simple assault?

A)The circumstances leading to the assault.
B)The amount of harm resulting from the assault.
C)The use of a weapon in the assault.
D)The level of complexity of the crime.

Question 13

Which of the following demographics is at the highest risk for being murdered in the United States?

A)White males
B)White females
C)Black males
D)Black females

Question 14

What is suggested to be the biggest factor in the homicide drop since the 1960s?

A)decrease in crack cocaine
B)improvements in medical technology
C)decrease on gang warfare
D)reduction of families in poverty

Question 15

What proportion of female murders is committed by their intimate partners?

A)just under a quarter
B)slightly more than half
C)over three fourths
D)more than one third

Question 16

Common law murder in the first degree was an act committed with

A)malice and forethought
B)deliberation
C)premeditation
D)all of these

Question 17

When females kill males, it is typically in a ______ situation.

A)Self-defense
B)Premeditated
C)Reckless
D)Negligent

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the 2011 murder rate in the United States?

A)It was at an all-time high of 10.2 per 100,000.
B)It was at more than half the all-time high rate, which had occurred in 1980.
C)It was the first year in which the murder rate was higher for females than males.
D)It was the highest rate of any nation in the world.

Question 19

What proportion of rape victims typically reports their assaults to the police?

A)Just under a quarter
B)Slightly more than half
C)Over three fourths
D)Less than one third

Question 20

According to the most recent statistics, where are robberies most likely to take place?

A)banks
B)convenience stores
C)private residences
D)streets/highways

Question 21

What is the most common weapon used in aggravated assault?

A)knives
B)firearms
C)blunt instruments
D)hands and feet

Question 22

Active street robbers have been found to be

A)the most fearless
B)the most impulsive
C)the least educated
D)all of these

Question 23

What is not a reason robbers gave Jacobs and Wright (1999) for not pursuing honest work?

A)overly restrictive
B)No one would give them a job.
C)Wife or husband wouldn't let them work.
D)no education

Question 24

In the study on carjackers, whom did some offenders target despite the extra planning involved?

A)police
B)security guards
C)drug dealers
D)single mothers

Question 25

Which of the following is true regarding robbery?

A)Robberies entail the offender's illegal entry into a dwelling.
B)Robbers view robbery as the quickest way to gain cash.
C)It entails little risk to the offender, as the crime is punished leniently by our justice system.
D)Robbers tend to be highly educated, and put a great deal of planning into their crimes.

Question 26

What is the most common felony violent crime?

A)aggravated assault
B)murder
C)rape
D)robbery

Question 27

Johnny fails to repair a tire that he knows is defective.One day, while driving down the highway, the tire blows out, causing the car to veer into another and killing the driver of that other vehicle.Johnny could be charged with which of the following?

A)aggravated murder
B)voluntary manslaughter
C)involuntary manslaughter
D)negligent manslaughter

Question 28

What is the main reason robbers stated that they committed robbery?

A)drugs
B)need of money
C)keeping up appearances
D)for the thrill of it

Question 29

What crime results in the most felony homicides?

A)kidnapping
B)robbery
C)rape
D)none of the above

Question 30

Which country has the highest gun ownership rate?

A)Sweden
B)Mexico
C)the United States
D)Honduras

Question 31

In street culture, robbery is one way of obtaining respect and status.

Question 32

The United States maintained a relatively low, stable murder rate throughout its history, until a sharp rise in violence that took place during the mid- to late-1990s.

Question 33

Which country was identified in the text to have one of the highest rates of firearm murders?

A)Sweden
B)Mexico
C)The United States
D)Honduras

Question 34

In regard to criminology, what are programs for behavior stored in memory that, when elicited, may serve as guides for behavior?

A)theories
B)ideology
C)learning traits
D)scripts

Question 35

What other behavior was common among robbers?

A)gambling
B)drugs
C)alcohol
D)all of these

Question 36

In 2011, guns were used in what percentage of murders?

A)37.4%
B)57%
C)67.9%
D)76.1%

Question 37

The vast majority of forcible rapes are committed by a stranger to the victim.

Question 38

Wealthy, white females are at the highest risk for rape victimization.

Question 39

Robbery has fallen ______ since its peak in 1992.

A)37.4%
B)57%
C)67.7%
D)76.1%

Question 40

Murder is the most common felony violent crime.

Question 41

The United States has both the highest gun ownership rate and highest firearm murder rate.

Question 42

Most rapists are armed.

Question 43

What is an "honor subculture"?

Question 44

True or False? Borrowing money is an option that is available to most robbers.

Question 45

True or False? In Wilson and Daly's (1997) Chicago study there was a twenty-year life expectancy difference between the poorest and wealthiest neighborhoods.

Question 46

When women kill men, it is typically a spouse, ex-spouse, or boyfriend in a self-defense situation.

Question 47

Briefly explain the feminist theory of rape.

Question 48

Criminologists have found that robbers are disorganized and care little about the environment surrounding the crimes they commit.

Question 49

True or False? Eighty-four percent of the members of the National Rifle Association are against universal background checks for guns.

Question 50

What are two of the reasons why homicide has decreased since the 1990s?

Question 51

Robbers are the least educated, most fearless, most impulsive, and most hedonistic of all criminals.

Question 52

True or False? A subculture of violence is one in which the norms, values, and attitudes of its members legitimize the use of violence to resolve conflicts.

Question 53

The majority of robbers are over 25 years of age.

Question 54

In 2011, knives were used in 67.7% of murders in the United States.

Question 55

True or False? Surprisingly, stable, wealthy nations tend to have higher murder rates than those which are still developing.

Question 56

The code of the streets calls for the bold display of the latest status symbol clothing and accessories.

Question 57

Rates of victimization for forcible rape have fallen significantly over the last 40 years.

Question 58

When it comes to the public's fear of crime, rape is consistently identified as the crime they fear most.

Question 59

Just over half of victims of rape report their assault to the police.

Question 60

More than one third of men are killed by their female intimate partners.

Question 61

What advantages do robbers claim robbery has over other crimes like burglary and dealing drugs?

Question 62

What makes robbery a particularly high-risk crime for those committing it?

Question 63

Compare and contrast rape and aggravated assault.What are the differences in perpetrators and victims?

Question 64

What are competitively disadvantaged males?

Question 65

Identify one characteristic associated with a disproportionate risk for rape victimization.

Question 66

What is the definition of aggravated assault?

Question 67

What is the definition of voluntary manslaughter?

Question 68

Why are subcultures of violence and honor subcultures considered the same thing? Discuss possible distinctions between the two.

Question 69

What is a subculture of violence?

Question 70

Why is robbery considered the most "male" of all crimes? Describe the difference between male and female robbers.

Question 71

Describe how each of the following theoretical perspectives might explain the crime of robbery: (1) Sociology; (2) Psychology; (3) Evolutionary Biology.

Question 72

What is the "bottom line" Jacobs and Wright (1999) concluded about their study in regard to robbery motivation?

Question 73

Even though some carjackers resort to physical violence to begin their task, almost all avoid ______.

Question 74

Identify one factor that makes it difficult to compare rape rates between nations.?Possible

Question 75

Jacobs and Wright's (1999) study paints a pretty clear picture of a robbers lifestyle and motivation.Discuss how the situation of those who commit robberies is self-created and how it is not.

Question 76

Gun control is a controversial issue in the United States; with what you learned from the text, make a case for or against.

Question 77

Identify and explain two theoretical arguments that have been used to explain the crime of rape.Compare and contrast these arguments.Do you think that one is more accurate than the other? Support your answer with information you have learned in this course.

Question 78

Discuss the history of homicide in the United States.

Question 79

Describe how neuroscientists and evolutionary biologists look at violence.What point of view do they share with sociologists?

Question 80

In states that have the death penalty, what is the only type of murder for which a convicted murderer can be executed for?