Deck 4: Biomolecules

Question 1

The study of metabolism includes examination of:

A) catabolism.
B) anabolism.
C) ATP requirements.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:

A) hydrolysis.
B) oxidation.
C) decomposition.
D) dehydration synthesis.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The types of lipids found in sex hormones are:

A) triglycerides.
B) phosphoglycerides.
C) steroids.
D) prostaglandins.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?

A) Proteins
B) Salts
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids

Question 5

Amino acids frequently become joined by:

A) peptide bonds.
B) catabolic reactions.
C) atrophic reactions.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons.

A) 12; 25; 2
B) 12; 13; 14
C) 12; 13; 10
D) Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 7

Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called:

A) enzymes.
B) essential amino acids.
C) structural proteins.
D) peptide bonds.

Question 8

Which lipid is part of vitamin D?

A) Glycerol
B) Steroids
C) Prostaglandins
D) Fatty acids

Question 9

DNA:

A) is a single strand of nucleotides.
B) contains the sugar ribose.
C) is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.
D) transports amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 10

An example of a catabolic process is:

A) hydrolysis.
B) dehydration synthesis.
C) formation of a peptide bond.
D) both B and C.

Question 11

Peptide bonds join together molecules of:

A) glycerol.
B) glucose.
C) amino acids.
D) water.

Question 12

The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is:

A) HDL.
B) LDL.
C) VHDL.
D) none of the above.

Question 13

Unsaturated fats:

A) contain all the hydrogen atoms they can hold.
B) contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
C) are usually solids at room temperature.
D) will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Question 14

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) oxygen.
D) nitrogen.

Question 15

The amino group in an amino acid is:

A) NH3+.
B) COO-.
C) symbolized by the letter R.
D) SO2.

Question 16

Which lipid acts as a "tissue hormone"?

A) Triglyceride
B) Prostaglandin
C) Steroid
D) Phospholipid

Question 17

Proteins are composed of ____ commonly occurring amino acids.

A) 10
B) 18
C) 21
D) 22

Question 18

A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:

A) triglyceride.
B) phospholipid.
C) steroid.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 19

The basic building blocks of fats are:

A) monosaccharides.
B) disaccharides.
C) amino acids.
D) fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule?

A) Sugar
B) Nitrogenous bases
C) Phosphate
D) Lipid

Question 21

When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?

A) Sucrose
B) Maltose
C) Lactose
D) Fructose

Question 22

The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 23

Enzymes are proteins that function by the lock-and-key theory.

Question 24

The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component.

A) a lipid and a protein; the lipid
B) carbohydrate and protein; carbohydrate
C) a lipid and a protein; the protein
D) carbohydrate and protein; protein

Question 25

There are a total of 21 essential amino acids.

Question 26

Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 27

Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids?

A) They both contain glycerol.
B) They both contain fatty acids.
C) They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.
D) All of the above are true of both triglycerides and phospholipids.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of RNA?

A) It contains ribose sugar.
B) It contains adenine.
C) It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
D) All of the above are true of RNA.

Question 30

DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.

Question 31

Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.

Question 32

Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?

A) FAD
B) Creatine phosphate
C) NAD
D) ATP

Question 33

Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?

A) They include substances commonly called sugars.
B) They are the body's primary source of energy.
C) They are a part of both DNA and RNA.
D) All of the above are true of carbohydrates.

Question 34

Which level of protein structure is one that contains several polypeptide chains?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 35

Steroids are often called tissue hormones.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a major function of protein?

A) Provides structure for the body
B) Acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions in the form of enzymes
C) Provides energy for the body
D) All of the above are functions of protein.

Question 37

If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be:

A) CTAGGCTG.
B) GATCCGAC.
C) CUAGGCUG.
D) GAUCCGAC.

Question 38

Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body.

Question 39

Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics?

A) Both are found in the cell membrane.
B) Both have a ring structure in their molecule.
C) Both have a saturated fat in their structure.
D) None of the above are shared characteristics.

Question 40

The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape.

Question 41

Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature.

Question 42

Both phospholipids and steroids are found in cell membranes.

Question 43

Glycoproteins contain both a fat molecule and a protein molecule.

Question 44

The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules.

Question 45

Nucleotides are used to make only RNA or DNA molecules.

Question 46

Prostaglandins are associated with the prostate gland and therefore are not found in women.

Question 47

Fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all considered lipids.

Question 48

Each helical chain in a DNA molecule has a nitrogen base backbone toward the outside, and phosphate-sugars compose the inner, interlocking base pairs of the interior.

Question 49

Phospholipids have a fat-soluble end and a water-soluble end.

Question 50

When ATP is in short supply, muscles can use creatine phosphate for extra energy.

Question 51

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the "bad" cholesterol.

Question 52

The quaternary structure of a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain.

Question 53

Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body.

Question 54

Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates.

Question 55

A sucrose molecule is formed by the synthesis reaction between glucose and fructose.

Question 56

Glucose is a hexose, and ribose is a pentose.

Question 57

A denatured protein has lost its functional shape.

Question 58

RNA never exists in a double-stranded form.

Question 59

Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 60

Steroids are the only lipids that contain a ring structure.

Question 61

The three most common disaccharides-sucrose, lactose, and maltose-each contain at least one molecule of glucose.

Question 62

The joining of amino acids in a peptide bond is an example of the process of hydrolysis.

Question 63

RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases.

Question 64

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Nucleic acid that contains thymine and deoxyribose sugar

Question 65

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Substance that is made up of a long chain of amino acids

Question 66

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Molecule that is the body's usual source of direct energy

Question 67

Amino acids get their name because they have an amino group (NH₃⁺) and an acid group (COO-).

Question 68

A saturated fat is saturated with hydrogen atoms.

Question 69

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Lipid found in sex hormone that is made up of four rings

Question 70

The function of transfer RNA is to select and adhere to a specific amino acid and place it in the correct sequence in the primary protein strand.

Question 71

The body uses the steroid cholesterol to make hormones.

Question 72

If one side of a DNA molecule is CCTAGGC, the opposite side of the molecule would be CCTAGGC.

Question 73

Proteins can be divided into functional proteins and structural proteins.

Question 74

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Starch or sugar

Question 75

When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H⁺ ion is released.

Question 76

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Substance composed of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 77

A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid.

Question 78

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a.RNA
b.DNA
c.Carbohydrate
d.Fat
e.Steroid
f.Protein
g.Prostaglandins
h.ATP
Types of lipids that are called tissue hormones

Question 79

Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape.

Question 80

Both triglycerides and prostaglandins can contain unsaturated fat.