Deck 9: Crime and Criminal Justice

Question 1

The rising trend of incarceration in the U.S. is attributed to

A)the war on drugs and changes in criminal justice policy.
B)the war on drugs and disproportionality.
C)the war on drugs and moral panic.
D)the war on drugs and the treatment of juveniles as adults.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The war on drugs has increased incarceration. Which policy may help to slow this trend?

A)Record expungement for marijuana related offenses
B)Decriminalization of the use and distribution of marijuana
C)Providing licenses for medical marijuana dispensaries
D)Creation of community drug turn-in centers

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The world's first juvenile court was created in 1880 in Kansas.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which presidential appointee has influence within the U.S. criminal justice systemthrough his or her prosecution of federal crimes?

A)The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
B)The Attorney General
C)The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
D)The Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Question 5

In their summary of the challenge of social work within the criminal justice system, Roberts and Springer stated that social workers must balance "the needs"

A)of victims and offenders.
B)of the criminal justice system and the offender.
C)of the community and the police.
D)of the public and the individual.

Question 6

Incarceration's ripple effect refers to

A)its relationship to voting.
B)its disproportionate impact on minority neighborhoods.
C)its impact on families and communities.
D)its contribution to the national economy.

Question 7

The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act changed the treatment of youth convicted of status offenses by

A)automatically expunging status offenses from the youth's record.
B)separating status offenders from youth convicted of more serious crimes.
C)creating special courts for status offenders.
D)allowing status offenders to complete community service instead of incarceratingthem.

Question 8

In Southern states, African-Americans' disproportionate contact with the criminal justice system began

A)after the war on drugs.
B)after the Revolutionary War.
C)after President Johnson's war on crime.
D)after the Civil War.

Question 9

The corrections system includes jails, prisons, the police, parole, and probation.

Question 10

In 2010, African Americans made up 17% of the United States juvenile population, yet they accounted for 13% of juvenile arrests. This overrepresentation may be attributed to

A)disproportionate truancy.
B)disproportionate community policing in minority neighborhoods.
C)disproportionate sentencing.
D)disproportionate minority contact.

Question 11

The U.S. has spent more money on incarceration than

A)restorative justice.
B)rehabilitation.
C)community policing.
D)deterrence.

Question 12

The two broad theoretical explanations for race-based disparities in criminal justice are

A)the differential poverty and differential offending frameworks.
B)the differential treatment and differential employment frameworks.
C)the differential policing and differential sentencing frameworks.
D)the differential offending and differential treatment frameworks.

Question 13

Formerly incarcerated persons are at risk for recidivism due to

A)housing discrimination.
B)a lack of impulse control
C)discriminatory parole practices.
D)a lack of legal employment opportunities that provide a living wage.

Question 14

By 2016, nearly half a million people were in prisons for

A)Medicaid or food stamps fraud.
B)offenses committed as juveniles.
C)drug offenses.
D)federal crimes.

Question 15

The Controlled Substances Act has been used as the main policy to advance the war ondrugs. It criminalized use of

A)certain drugs assumed to have the highest risk of addiction and no medical use.
B)certain drugs in the possession of juveniles.
C)certain drugs in the possession of people receiving Social Security income or food stamps.
D)certain drugs in the possession of a pregnant woman.

Question 16

The 1968 Safe Streets Act expanded the federal government's role in criminal justice through

A)increased regulations for state and local police activities.
B)new requirements for juvenile offenders.
C)federal research grants and block grants to state law enforcement agencies.
D)a streamlined path for appealing criminal cases.

Question 17

Restorative justice seeks to repair the relationships between

A)victims, witnesses, and offenders.
B)the police, victims, and offenders
C)offenders, the community, and victims.
D)juvenile offenders, the offenders' parents, and the community.

Question 18

How have three-strikes laws contributed to rising incarceration rates?

A)Through creation of mandatory sentences for a third conviction
B)Through automatic life sentences for three Schedule 1 drug offenses
C)By equating three nonviolent offenses to one felony offense
D)By requiring that judges consider prior offenses when deciding on a sentence

Question 19

The 2005 Supreme Court ruling in Roper v. Simmons, ended what type of sentencingpractice for juveniles?

A)Death sentences
B)Life in prison
C)Mandatory sentences for Schedule 1 drug convictions
D)Automatic probation for youth 10 and under

Question 20

Over time, the U.S. criminal justice system has focused on

A)deterrence, capital punishment, and rehabilitation.
B)compensation, rehabilitation, and revenge.
C)rehabilitation, deterrence, and rescue.
D)revenge, deterrence, and rehabilitation.

Question 21

America's incarceration rate is the highest in the world.

Question 22

Describe the arguments for and against crime victims' participation in court and parole proceedings.

Question 23

Some probation and parole officers are also social workers.

Question 24

Incarceration was incorporated into state laws, after the American Revolution, for what reasons?

Question 25

Currently, only the Republicans support criminal justice reform.

Question 26

Over the past eight years, there has been political support for criminal justice reform. Why are politicians suddenly so supportive of reform?

Question 27

How did the ruling in the 1967 Gault case change juvenile justice procedures?

Question 28

In some states, convicted felons are not allowed to vote.

Question 29

Research has found that race-based disparities accumulate as juveniles and adults move through the criminal justice system. What are the three disproportionate outcomes that occur as juveniles and adults move through the system?

Question 30

America's correctional system includes jails specifically for Native American people.