Deck 12: Airway Clearance Techniques and Lung Volume Expansion

Question 1

The following postural drainage positions are shown for a pediatric patient:
A.


B.


C.


D.



Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the posterior subsegment of the apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe?

A)Image B
B)Image C
C)Image A
D)Image D

Answer 1

Image A

Question 2

The respiratory therapist has been asked to evaluate the effectiveness of incentive spirometry in some patients during their postoperative stage.What will the RT find to be most influential on the outcome associated with IS?

A)Frequency of therapy
B)Level of inspiratory capacity achieved by the patient
C)Level of supervision and instruction of therapy
D)Patient's age

Answer 2

C
The majority of problems that patients experience with incentive spirometry are the result of inadequate supervision or instruction,or both.These two factors account for a large number of ineffective treatments.

Question 3

Which of the following maneuvers is characterized by having a patient forcibly exhale,from a middle to low lung volume,through an open glottis?

A)Autogenic drainage
B)Directed cough
C)Positive expiratory pressure
D)Active cycle of breathing

Answer 3

D
FET is also known as "huff" coughing.This maneuver requires the patient to forcibly exhale,from middle to low lung volumes,with an open glottis,but requires extreme cooperation and cannot be performed on infants or young children.

Question 4

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward.In which of the following conditions may ACT be contraindicated?
I)Foreign body aspiration
II)Frank hemoptysis
III)Empyema
IV)Untreated pneumothorax

A)I,II,III,and IV
B)II and IV only
C)III and IV only
D)I and IV only

Question 5

For which of the following patients is incentive spirometry contraindicated?
I)Uncooperative
II)Physically disabled
III)Grossly obese
IV)Very young

A)IV only
B)I and II only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 6

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a patient with acute lobar atelectasis.What should the RT consider to determine the length and frequency of the treatment?
I)Most pediatric patients require ACTs for at least 45 minutes.
II)ACT is rarely needed more than every 4 hours.
III)ACT orders should be evaluated at least every 48 hours for patients in the ICU.
IV)ACT for patients with atelectasis due to CF requires at least 30 to 45 minutes.

A)I,II,and III only
B)II and III only
C)III and IV only
D)II,III and IV only

Question 7

On the basis of the following diagram,which of the following lung segments is being drained?

A)Right middle lobe
B)Left lingular segment of the lower lobe
C)Lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe
D)Apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe

Question 8

What is the most important variable used to assess the efficacy of CPT?

A)Quality of the chest radiograph
B)Degree and persistence of coughing
C)Changes in the color and consistency of mucus
D)Amount of mucus obtained during and after treatment

Question 9

The following postural drainage positions are shown for an infant patient:
A.


B.


C.


D.


Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the lingular segments of the left upper lobe in an infant?

A)Image A
B)Image B
C)Image C
D)Image D

Question 10

When performing endotracheal suctioning on a neonate,why should the therapist routinely avoid advancing the catheter tip beyond the distal end of the endotracheal tube?

A)To reduce the risk of inadvertent extubation with the suction catheter
B)To prevent the development of bronchial stenosis and granulomas
C)To decrease the chance of removing too much lung volume
D)To minimize the risk of oxygen desaturation

Question 11

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer FET to a 5-year-old patient.Since small children are typically unable to perform such a maneuver,what should the RT do at this time?

A)Request to cancel the order and change therapy.
B)Try to instruct the child on how to perform FET.
C)Apply gentle chest wall compression during the expiratory phase.
D)Ask the child to forcefully cough after a deep breath.

Question 12

By which of the following mechanisms are high-frequency chest compressions purported to mobilize tracheobronchial secretions?

A)By dislodging mucus directly from bronchial walls
B)By advancing the mucociliary escalator at a faster than normal rate
C)By mechanically lysing long molecules of mucus into smaller,more mobile segments
D)By generating high expiratory air velocities

Question 13

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer CPT to a patient with cystic fibrosis.What areas of the body should the RT avoid when percussing the patient?

A)Intercostal spaces
B)Fractured ribs
C)Precordium
D)Areas between the scapulas

Question 14

What are the main components of the traditional airway clearance techniques?
I)Palpation of the chest wall
II)Postural drainage
III)Percussion
IV)Coughing

A)II only
B)I and III only
C)II,III,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 15

On the basis of the following diagram,which of the following lung segments is being drained?

A)Posterior segment of the right upper lobe
B)Apical segment of the right upper lobe
C)Posterior basal segments of both lower lobes
D)Anterior segments of both upper lobes

Question 16

During autogenic drainage,at which of the following levels does the patient begin breathing?

A)Total lung capacity
B)Inspiratory reserve volume
C)Expiratory reserve volume
D)Tidal volume

Question 17

What do postural drainage,positive expiratory pressure therapy,autogenic drainage,forced expiration techniques,and high-frequency chest compressions have in common?

A)They dislodge mucus from the bronchial walls of patients.
B)They attempt to prevent dynamic airway collapse.
C)They work toward increasing the functional residual capacity of patients.
D)They are intended to promote the ability of patients to generate effective coughs.

Question 18

A respiratory therapist has been assigned to administer ACT to a number of patients on the ward.In which of the following conditions may ACT be beneficial?

A)Asthma
B)Pneumonia
C)Bronchiolitis
D)Atelectasis

Question 19

A patient with an excessive amount of secretions and atelectasis has been receiving ACT.What is the most commonly cited complication of ACT?

A)Hypoxemia
B)Hypercapnia
C)Alterations of blood pressure
D)Tachycardia

Question 20

Which of the following clinical parameters are important to determine a positive response to ACT?
I)Changes in sputum color
II)Breath sounds
III)Vital signs
IV)Lung mechanics

A)I,II,and III only
B)II and III only
C)III and IV only
D)II,III and IV only