Deck 7: Cell Growth and Development

Question 1

Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor?

A) Anaplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Neoplasm
D) Benign

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The membranous organelle in the cytoplasm that is able to replicate itself is the:

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) mitochondrion.
C) lysosome.
D) ribosome.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to:

A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) undergo hyperplasia.
D) undergo anaplasia.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If a species of animal had 16 pairs of chromosomes in its normal body cells, its gametes would contain _____ chromosomes.

A) 16
B) 8
C) 32
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 5

DNA replication occurs during:

A) prophase.
B) telophase.
C) metaphase.
D) none of the above.

Question 6

The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs?

A) TAGC
B) CGAT
C) GCTA
D) ATCG

Question 7

An individual's entire set of DNA can be referred to as a:

A) chromosome.
B) chromatid.
C) genome.
D) cytokinesis.

Question 8

A sequence of three bases forms a(n):

A) codon.
B) anticodon.
C) amino acid.
D) polypeptide bond.

Question 9

All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except:

A) chromosome number remains at 46.
B) primitive sex cells become mature gametes.
C) the cells become haploid.
D) meiosis occurs in two steps.

Question 10

If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid?

A) It contains deoxyribose sugar.
B) It could be found only in the nucleus.
C) It contains ribose sugar.
D) Both A and B are true.

Question 11

A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:

A) double helix shape.
B) obligatory base pairing.
C) ribose sugar.
D) phosphate groups.

Question 12

In protein synthesis, some segments of the RNA transcript represent noncoding parts of the DNA. These are called:

A) exons.
B) codons.
C) introns.
D) spliceosomes.

Question 13

During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of RNA?

A) It is a single strand.
B) It contains uracil rather than thymine.
C) The obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine.
D) It contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 15

The G₁ and G₂ phases of cell growth are separated by:

A) anaphase.
B) the S phase.
C) telophase.
D) both A and C.

Question 16

Transcription can be best described as the:

A) degradation of tRNA.
B) reading of mRNA codons by tRNA.
C) replication of DNA.
D) synthesis of mRNA.

Question 17

When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?

A) Prophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 18

The correct order of the phases of mitosis is:

A) anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase.
B) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
C) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.
D) anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.

Question 19

Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as:

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) myoid.
D) dioid.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Amino acid chains form DNA.
B) The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
C) Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine.
D) None of the above is true.

Question 21

In humans, one gene consists of about how many nucleotide pairs?

A) 10,000
B) 1000
C) 100
D) 50

Question 22

If the original DNA code was ACG, the tRNA that would transfer the correct amino acid would have which sequence of nucleotides?

A) UCG
B) ACG
C) UGC
D) Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Interphase

Question 24

The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule.

Question 25

Which is the complete set of proteins that can be produced by the cell?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 26

Which is capable of properly refolding an improperly refolded protein molecule?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 27

Interphase does not include which of the following?

A) M phase
B) G₁ phase
C) G₂ phase
D) S phase

Question 28

A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 29

In the DNA molecule, obligatory base pairing always pairs:

A) A-G.
B) C-T.
C) A-T.
D) both A and B.

Question 30

Anaplasia is a state in which cells fail to differentiate into specialized cell types.

Question 31

The terms cytokinesis and mitosis mean the same thing.

Question 32

If the original DNA code was ACG, the mRNA that would be formed would be:

A) UCG.
B) AGC.
C) UGC.
D) Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 33

The end product of the process of translation is a(n):

A) mRNA molecule.
B) tRNA molecule.
C) protein.
D) new DNA molecule.

Question 34

A major function of DNA is to instruct the ribosome, through tRNA, concerning which protein is to be synthesized.

Question 35

Protein synthesis begins with translation.

Question 36

In normal mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell.

Question 37

Which is capable of destroying improperly folded proteins that could possibly harm the cell?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 38

The enzyme DNA polymerase coordinates the mechanism of obligatory base pairing.

Question 39

The structure that holds two newly replicated DNA strands together is the:

A) centromere.
B) telomere.
C) spindle.
D) chromatid.

Question 40

The end product of the process of transcription is a(n):

A) mRNA molecule.
B) tRNA molecule.
C) protein.
D) new DNA molecule.

Question 41

DNA synthesis occurs during prophase in mitosis.

Question 42

Gamete is the result of a somatic cell undergoing mitosis.

Question 43

Chromosomes align across the equator of the spindle fibers during anaphase of mitosis.

Question 44

In transcription, the DNA of the cell is edited and the introns are removed.

Question 45

Introns carry the code for the making of a protein.

Question 46

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of DNA replication.

Question 47

One significant similarity between RNA and DNA is that they both are shaped as a polypeptide chain.

Question 48

Genes determine polypeptide structure, which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins, which determine the cell's functions and structure.

Question 49

A type of ribonucleic acid that can stimulate translation is called RNAi.

Question 50

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number.

Question 51

It is during meiosis phase I that the number of chromosomes is halved.

Question 52

Protein synthesis is the central building process for cell growth and maintenance.

Question 53

The number of cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes varies greatly during the life of a cell.

Question 54

The anticodon on the tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule except that uracil would replace thymine.

Question 55

The term neoplasm is another word for tumor.

Question 56

The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made up of either deoxyribose sugar or phosphoric acid.

Question 57

Atrophy and hypertrophy occur most often in fat cells as the body stores or uses fat.

Question 58

Normal meiosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 59

The anticodon on a tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule.

Question 60

The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves.

Question 61

A polyribosome is making several copies of the same protein molecule.

Question 62

The centromere holds two chromatids together.

Question 63

Uracil must by a pyrimidine nitrogen base.

Question 64

A DNA codon consists of three nucleotides.

Question 65

The complete set of proteins that can be made by the cell is called its proteome.

Question 66

If the original DNA was ATCGGA, the messenger RNA formed from this DNA would be TUGCCT.

Question 67

Anticodons make up part of the messenger RNA, because they are opposite of the DNA codon.

Question 68

A human gene is a segment of the DNA molecule.

Question 69

If the original DNA code was CAA, the transfer RNA for that strand of DNA would be CAA.

Question 70

Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are added to the protein being built.

Question 71

Telomeres are strands of nucleotides at the end of the chromosome that are expendable and are not needed for formation of proteins.

Question 72

The distance between the two uprights in the DNA ladder is always equal to the total distance of one purine and one pyrimidine nitrogen base.

Question 73

During prophase, chromosomes become chromatin, the nuclear membrane disappears, and spindle fibers form.

Question 74

Editing of the mRNA begins when a modified adenine base is added to one end of the RNA strand.

Question 75

What differentiates one DNA nucleotide from another is whether it has a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.

Question 76

If the haploid number of chromosomes for a cell is 24, there would be 12 chromosomes in the gamete.

Question 77

If a protein is not folded properly, chaperone proteins can break it down and recycle the individual amino acids.

Question 78

Examples of noncoding RNA are messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA.

Question 79

A human gene is made up of about 250 DNA nucleotides.

Question 80

Telophase is the last stage of mitosis, and if cytokinesis is going to occur it begins at this stage.