Deck 25: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sleep Disorders

Question 1

A 28-week-gestation newborn is demonstrating periods of apnea.In addition to ventilatory support,what other treatment can the therapist suggest?

A)Placement of an oropharyngeal airway
B)Caffeine
C)Theophylline
D)Beta blockers

Answer 1

B
Apnea of prematurity (AOP)is often treated with caffeine,which is thought to stimulate the respiratory centers.

Question 2

Which of the following are typical features of the obstructive hypoventilation syndrome?
I)Disruption of sleep architecture
II)Degradation of sleep quality
III)Abnormal gas exchange
IV)Significant daytime symptoms

A)I and III only
B)II and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Answer 2

D
Obstructive hypoventilation (obstructive hypopnea)may occur in the absence of complete obstruction of the airway and cessation of airflow.These sleep-related events lead to disruption of sleep architecture,degradation of sleep quality,and gas exchange abnormalities that may cause significant daytime symptoms.

Question 3

What is the age group with the highest prevalence of OSA?

A)First 6 months
B)6 months to 1 year
C)1 to 2 years
D)2 years to 8 years

Answer 3

D
It may occur in children of all ages but the prevalence peaks between 2 and 8 years of age,which coincides with the time at which the size of the tonsils is at its peak relative to the upper airway size.

Question 4

Which of the following are typical daytime symptoms associated with SDB in children?
I)Poor school performance
II)Hypoactivity
III)Inattention
IV)Passive behavior

A)I and III only
B)II and IV only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the condition sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

A)More than 70% of victims are found in the late evening hours after the afternoon naps.
B)Infants are most likely to experience SIDS in the first 12 to 24 months of life.
C)SIDS is uncommon after infants are 6 months old.
D)SIDS occurs exclusively when the infant is presumed to have been asleep during the night.

Question 6

The mother of an 11-month-old infant suspected of suffering from sleep-disordered breathing reports that her child sleeps 15 hours per day.What should the therapist tell her regarding the sleep duration of her infant?

A)The sleep duration is consistent with the infant's age.
B)The sleep duration is consistent with an infant in the first 24 hours of life.
C)The sleep duration is consistent with a that of a 10-year-old child.
D)The sleep duration is consistent with a midadolescent child.

Question 7

A 7-year-old child was diagnosed with OSA due to tonsillar hypertrophy.Although adenotonsillectomy was performed,the child continues having daytime sleepiness and poor school performance.What should the therapist suggest at this time?

A)Consider uvulectomy.
B)Administer antireflux medications.
C)Perform allergy tests to confirm that airway obstruction is due to other clinical condition.
D)Provide continuous positive airway pressure.

Question 8

What is the leading cause of death in infants?

A)Congenital malformations (e.g. ,heart defects)
B)CSA
C)SIDS
D)ALTE

Question 9

While working with a preterm neonate,the therapist notices the infant become apneic,cyanotic,and hypotonic.Consequently,the therapist nudges and stimulates the infant.On the basis of this scenario,what type of episode has occurred?

A)Sudden infant death syndrome
B)An apparent life-threatening event
C)A resuscitative event
D)An epileptiform activity

Question 10

Which age group is more often affected by periodic breathing?

A)Newborns
B)Infants
C)Children
D)Adults

Question 11

The childhood syndrome of OSA is distinct from adult OSA.Which of the following features are common in adult OSA but infrequent or less common in pediatric OSA?

A)Large neck circumference
B)Snoring
C)Excessive daytime sleepiness
D)REM abnormality

Question 12

Which of the following risk factors are associated with SIDS?
I)Maternal cigarette smoking
II)Breastfeeding
III)Loose bedding
IV)Bed sharing

A)I and III only
B)I,II,and III only
C)I,II,and IV only
D)I,III,and IV only

Question 13

Which of the following body systems is the most important to evaluate when considering differential diagnoses for ALTE?

A)Gastrointestinal
B)Neurologic
C)Respiratory
D)Cardiac

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is the major cause of OSA in children without any predisposing factor?

A)Choanal atresia
B)Macroglossia
C)Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
D)Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes central sleep apnea?

A)Absence of respiratory effort and airflow
B)Only abdominal movements occur with no airflow.
C)Only thoracic movements occur.
D)Paradoxical breathing movements occur.

Question 16

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics,in addition to cessation of breathing,which of the following clinical signs is associated with central sleep apnea?

A)Tachycardia
B)Cyanosis
C)Hypertension
D)Hypertonia